Module Dual SPorts Prelims

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY,INC
Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
COURSE GUIDE
I. Course Title: Dual Sports
II. Course Overview
A. Introduction
In this course the students will study the games in Dual Sports which has two
aspects: one, knowledge of the basic skills; the other, knowledge of the rules of
different dual sports. This module seeks to present and integrated approach to the
study of dual sports by using drills, exercises, and other activities which may
discover, enhance and develop the physical education students’ sports skills.
Focus is on game badminton, table tennis, and tennis.
It is carefully selected to bring about in the students not only the skills in dual
sports but also consciousness of their growth and development as social
individuals. It is hope that this module will help to unlock a deeper and broader
knowledge of human nature for each students who reads it and uses this
experience to enrich his or her life
B. Course Learning Outcomes

After finishing the course, the student must be able to:
1. Recognize and familiarize the mission and vision, core values and class
procedure, requirements, grading system and school policies
2. Understand on Physical Education; its function, objectives and concept of
physical education
3. Learn the history, rules , strategies and the players of the different dual sports
4. Develop the fundamental skills through participation
5. Develop desirable, social attitudes among students towards the game.
6. Understand the Importance of dual sports in Physical Education
C. Module and Unit Topics
To ensure the accomplishment of the Learning Outcomes, this course will cover
the following topics for you to master.
Module 1: Introduction of the Physical Education
PE 101 HEALTH AND WELLNESS

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This module will provide you a clear understanding on Physical Education; its
function, objectives and concept of physical education
Module 2: History Badminton

This module will help you to learn the history, facilities and equipment in
playing badminton
Module 3: Basic skills in playing badminton
This module will help you to develop the fundamental skills through
participation
Module 4: Basic rules and regulations in playing badminton

This module will help you to understand the basic rules and regulation in
playing badminton
Module 5: History Table Tennis
This module will help you to learn the history, facilities and equipment in
playing badminton
Module 6: Basic skills in playing Table Tennis
This module will help you to develop the fundamental skills through
participation
Module 7: Basic rules and regulations in playing Table Tennis

This module will help you to understand the basic rules and regulation in
playing badminton
III.Course Study Guides.
This module was prepared for you to work on diligently and independently. This is
meant for you to advance your knowledge in Facilitating Learner-Centered Teaching
and apply it to your workplace. Moreover, by conquering the topics of this module
and completing all necessary competencies you will be able to champion this
subject.
Here are some guides you need to undertake as you go on this module.
Use a personal calendar to schedule the

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Utilize your calendar effectively accomplishments of your activities,

assignment, and other outputs.
Do your works one at a time. If you find the

Focus your attention discussion difficult, try to read the material
again. If it is still not working, look for the
additional resources I gave to you or you may
seek for help to your siblings, or relatives.
In answering your formative assessment,
Work at your finest summative assessment and other activities
included, always work with quality. I always
believe that you can do it at your best.
Before the end of midterms and finals. You
Submit on time will be submitting the accomplished modules
through correspondence. I will be notifying
you once I received your modules.
While waiting patiently for my feedback on
Be Patient your work, engage yourself in other activities
that can contribute to this subject.
In answering the different assessments make
Answer Confidently sure to write neatly and legibly, answer
briefly and concisely in an essay type
assessment and show your complete solution
in solving activities,
Since the module is intended for you to work
Work on your own independently, it is expected you will work on
your own. Seeking for help should only be
your last resort. You can do it!
Always have fun and find ways to enjoy
Enjoy Learning learning. This will makes you motivated to
continue acquiring the needed skills and
knowledge.
If you need to clarify something or needs my
Contact me. assistance in the completion of this module,
you may contact me through my contact
details found on this module.
IV. Study Schedule:
Week Topic Learning Outcomes Activities

Chapter 1 General Concepts on Physical
Education
Week 1 and 2 1. Trace the historical background of Engage
Physical Education. Brainstorming

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Explore
2. Understand why Physical Education Read articles
is important to every individual. Explain
Read module
3. Enumerate the objectives of Physical Extend
Education. Make graphic organizer
Apply learning to new
4. Understand the types of development situations
Evaluate
Quizzes
Video reflection
Chapter II Badminton
Week 3-4 1. Understand the history of the Engage
game badminton
2. Identify different Facility and Explore
Equipment and different kind
of Grip in playing badminton Explain
3. Perform the mechanics of the
Extend
basic skills.
4. To participate actively in Evaluate
Week 5
vigorous physical activity
(drills) for sustained period of
time in a manner that
encourages others to
participate.
5. Apply all the knowledge and
skills gained from previous
lesson covered from the
beginning of classes.
Week 6 PRELIM
Chapter IV Table Tennis
Week 7-8 1. Understand the history of the
game table tennis Engage
2. Identify different Facility and
Equipment and different kind Explore
of Grip in playing table tennis
Week 9-10 3. Perform the mechanics of the Explain

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basic skills in table tennis

Extend
4. To participate actively in
vigorous physical activity Evaluate
participate.
Week 11 skills gained from previous
lesson covered from the topic
table tennis.
Week 12 MIDTERM
Chapter V Lawn Tennis
Week 13-14 1. Understand the history of the Engage
game lawn tennis Explore
2. Identify different Facility and Explain
Equipment and different kind Extend
of Grip in playing lawn tennis Evaluate
Week 15 3. Perform the mechanics of the
basic skills.
Week 16 4. To participate actively in
vigorous physical activity
participate.
skills gained from previous
lesson covered from the topic
lawn tennis.
Week 17 Final Examination (face-to-face)
Submission of required research
based activities for the final period.

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V. Evaluation
To pass this course, you must:

1. Read all materials provided in the Learning Course Packet
2. Answer the print based discussion activities
3. Submit the all research-based outputs required in each period.
4. Accomplish Prelims, Mid-term and Final Examinations.
Formative assessment:
- You must answer all pre-assessment and self-assessment activities. Your scores
here will not be part of our mid-term and final grades but they will be part of the
completion of the course. Thus you are expected to complete the pre-assessment
and self-assessment activities. These activities will help you determine if you
need to study more or to advance to next parts of the lessons.
- You can answer the pre-assessment and self-assessment activities within the
scheduled time of the unit. Scheduling your work time is important.
- In accomplishing the pre-assessment and self-assessment activities, you can ask
the help of your parents, siblings and friends.
Summative Assessment:
1. Quizzes and Examinations
There will be one (1) research-based activity for each module, and two (2) major
examinations for this course.
2. Evaluation activities
Answer all activities in the evaluate part of each module. These will provide a
portion of your mid-term and final grades. These will also help you to be
prepared for the conduct of a research-based activity after each module.
3. Research-based outputs.
4. Application must be submitted in Video-based output.
VI. Technological Tools

For you to be able to accomplish the activities, you will need the following
software applications:

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MS Word; MS PowerPoint; and Adobe flash. These applications are found in

your desktop or in your laptop and you do not need an internet connection to use
them. You may also access our Google Classroom prepared for the class and try
to participate in the discussion if the condition will allow it.
VI. Grading System

The standard formula in computing grades are as follows:
Preliminary Grade
Preliminary Grade
(Class Standing x 0.6) + (Prelim Exam Rating x 0.4)
Midterm Grade
(Class Standing x 0.6) + (Midterm Rating x 0.4)
End Term Class Standing x.6 + Endterm Grade x.4
Final Grade = (Prelim + Midterm + Endterm grade) /3
Note: Class Standing includes any/all of the following:

Recitation, quizzes/test, homework, written output, collage, role playing,
attendance, etc.
VIII. Contact Information of the Facilitator

You can contact me through the following:
marcosrheden007@gmail.com
Rheden Marcos
IX. References:
Globe:00664439483

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Textbook
1. Eviza, Jose A. Physical Education I A Worktext for the Tertiary Level
References:
1. Doris D. Tulio et.al. Physical Fitness, Self Testing Activities 2005, Katha Pub. Co.
2. Oyco, Virginia D. Physical Fitness for College Freshmen. Rex Book Store Inc.,
2000
3. Ann Carpenter. The Complete Work Out Book
4. Ravelo, Sofia A. and Janice A. Beran, Physical Activities for the Filipina., New
Day Publishers, 1986.
5. Rivera, Aquilino R., Physical Fitness in Today’s Schools Manila. National
Bookstore Inc., 1984.
X. Resource Support System

For your queries, you may also contact via or of the offices that
may handle your other school concerns.
Your Facilitators,
RHEDEN T. MARCOS
Module 1: Introduction to Physical Education
This module will provide you a clear understanding on Physical Education; its function,
objectives and concept of physical education
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Trace the historical background of Physical Education.

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2. Understand why Physical Education is important to every individual.
3. Enumerate the objectives of Physical Education.
4. Understand the types of development of Physical Education
In this course the students will participate in a variety of activities in which they will
demonstrate and apply complex motor skills, movement concepts of fitness. Emphasis is on
total fitness body and focus is on aerobics activity and resistance training, cardio respiratory
endurance, etc.
Health and Wellness can be defined as the physical, social, psychological and spiritual well-
being of individuals. Making a positive impact of the health of individuals is the common
goal among partners in the continuum of wellness promotion, illness prevention, and health
care.
Physical fitness refers to the ability of your body systems to work together efficiently to
allow you to be healthy and perform activities of daily living. Being efficient means doing
daily activities with the least effort possible. A fit person is able to perform schoolwork, meet
home responsibilities, and still have enough energy to enjoy sport and other leisure activities.
A fit person can respond effectively to normal life situations, such as raking leaves at home,
stocking shelves at a part-time job, and marching in the band at school. A fit person can also
respond to emergency situations - for example, by running to get help or aiding a friend in
distress.

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In this course the students will participate in a variety of activities in which they will give
knowledge or idea about the picture below. The student will answer briefly about the
question below.
Answer the following briefly:
1. What comes on your mind when you see the picture below?
2. How does sports important to physical education?
3. What is the importance of being physically fit in different sports event?

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In this course the students will participate in a variety of activities in which they will research
anything related to physical education.
Research:
Read any articles supporting about physical education .
In this course the students will participate in a variety of activities in which they will learn
about history of physical education, what is physical education, and what are the objectives of
physical education.
History of Physical Education
According to Article XIV, Section 19 of the 1987 Philippine constitution states that,
(1) The state shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs, league
competitions, and amateur sports, including training for international competitions, to poster
self-discipline, team work, and excellence for the development of a healthy and alert
citizenry. (2) All educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout
the country in cooperation with the athletic clubs and other sectors.
Physical Education has existed since the earliest stages of humanity, in areas as
simple as where knowledge of basic survival, i.e. hunting, was transmitted. However, the
formal physical education was first observed during the ancient times as a component of
military trainings as in the case of ancient Romans citizens. During that time, Children where
trained to learn basic military skills such as fighting tactics. In some cases, PE was a form of
entertainment as in the case of the ancient Greeks who organized PE programs by the 700’s
B.C. at educational establishment called gymnasia. Wrestling and athletics (i.e. discus and
javelin throwing, jumping and running) are examples of Physical education programs which
served the purpose of entertainment among the ancient Greeks.
During the Middle Ages (from 400’s to 1500’s), many sports and other physical
activities were considered sinful, especially in Europe. However, it was during the

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renaissance, which spanned from the 1300’s to 1600’s when the interest when Greek and
Roman culture was revived. That brought a return of fitness sports and body building
activities and competitions.
During the 1700’s, PE developed significantly as it was promoted to masses. It was

during the century when PE was regarded as a social activity. A series of gymnastics
apparatuses was also developed during that century.
During 1800’s, PE found its way into formal schools in Germany, Sweden, United
Kingdom and America. German and Swedish program emphasize gymnastics and exercise
routine. The programs stress team sports. The American programs borrowed ideas from all
other European sources. The introduction of PE into the educational system led to many
things that we have today.it was also during the century when plenty of new sports were
invented.
In the 1900’s, the most significant development was the large-scale provision of PE
programs for girls and people with disabilities.
Definition of Physical Education
Physical Education is a process through which an individual obtains optimal mental, social
and fitness skills through physical activities.
In addition, Physical Education is an integral part of the educational program desiged to

promote to optimum development of the individual physically, socially, emotionally and
mentally through body movement in performance of properly selected physical activities.
(Andin, 2018)
Physical Education has three main functions, 1.) Biological refers to the enhancement to
the individual’s growth and development through body movements. 2.) Integrative refers to
personality integration achieved through participation in properly selected activities. 3.)
Social refers to the provision of opportunities for the individual to acquire desirable social
values through participation in physical-social activities.
Objectives of Physical Education

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1) Physical Development Objective:

The objective of physical development deals with the program of activities that builds
physical power in an individual through the development of the various organic systems of
the body.
2) Emotional Development Objective:

The emotional development objective deals with the development of the participation in
sports-related activities are self-confidence, self-reliance, courage, and determination.
3) Mental Development Objective:

The mental development objective deals with the accumulation of body knowledge and the
ability to think and to interpret this knowledge.
4) Social Development Objective:

The social development objective is concerned with helping an individual in making personal
adjustments, group adjustment, and adjustments as a member of society.
Purpose of Physical Education
Why do you think we need to study PE and why is it included to the school curriculum? The
purpose of Physical Education must be clearly understood by the students. Below are the
purposes of PE.
1. To develop optimum fitness and health of the individual so that PE is capable of living the
“good life” and of contributing to his maximum capacity to the attainment of the goals of our
society.
2. To Produce individuals who can contribute to the economic well-being through: a) the
improvement of proper work habits and work attitudes, such as punctuality, cooperation,
reliability, precision and accuracy and open-mindedness. b) Proper emphasis of problem-
solving skills such that an individual can identify a problem correctly and master the skills
necessary or useful in school and in the business world.
3. To train good leaders with moral integrity of the highest order and develop other desirable
traits necessary for effective growth participation or group essentials to our society through a)
an adequate system of values by equipping the individual to be able to make moral choices or
decisions needed in daily living and through b) offering group participation in such
experiences as intramurals, extramural, play days, or sport fests.
4. To develop creativity and innovativeness inspired by an abiding faith in God and love of
our country and fellowmen.

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5. To instill a love of and pride or our rich cultural heritage and strive for their preservation
and develop an understanding of the culture of others for a feeling of international
brotherhood and unity.
In this course the students will participate in a variety of activities in which they will learn
more on how does physical education important to our daily living.
As a student, you must be physically fit every day. That’s why; Physical education is a part
of the curriculum because the student must be physically, emotionally and mentally healthy.
And you should learn those healthy lifestyle that your body needed. For example, on how to
maintain balance diet, make your body built.
In this course the students will participate in a variety of activities in which the student will
answer the following question related to the topic.
I. Fill in the blanks with the correct term to complete each of the following sentences.
1. _______ is a process through which an individual obtains optimal mental, social and
fitness skills through physical activities.
2. P.E. is a planned, sequential instruction that promotes lifelong _______ activity.
3. __________ function refers to the enhancement to the individual’s growth and

development through body movements.
4. Integrative function refers to _________ integration achieved through participation in

properly selected activities.

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5. P.E In the ancient times was a component of __________ as in the case of the ancient
Roman Citizenry.
6. PE was a form of entertainment as in the case of the ancient _________.
7. During the _________ many sports and other physical activity were considered sinful.
8. During the _________, interest in the Greek and Roman culture was survived.
9. A series of gymnastics apparatuses was developed during the ____________.
10. In the 1800’s, British PE programs stressed ____________.
11. During the 1800’s, PE found its way into formal schools in Germany, Sweden, United
Kingdom, and ___________.
12. In the 1900’s, the most significant development in PE was the large-scale provision of
programs for girls and people with ____________.
II. Identify the objectives of PE describe the following statements.
_____________ 13. Enhancement of growth and development
_____________ 14. Leading a healthy lifestyle
_____________ 15. Acquisition of desirable social traits
_____________ 16. Development of self-confidence
_____________ 17. Learning the mechanical principles underlying movements
_____________ 18. Avoidance of the risk of various health problems
_____________ 19. Acquisitions of knowledge and understanding of the rules and strategies
of games and sports
_____________ 20. Development of self-control
_____________ 21. Discovery of ways of improving movements in gymnastics and dance
_____________ 22. Development of courage and determination
III. Enumerate at least three main function of Physical Education. (23-25)

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__________________________________________________________________________
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GOOD JOB! KEEP IT UP!

Module 2: Historical Background of Badminton
This module will help you to learn the history, environment and equipment,
terms, how to play the game badminton, variants and tournament.
Content Standard: The learners should be able to understand and demonstrate of:
4. Historical Background of Badminton
5. Environment and Equipment
6. Terms in Badminton game
7. How to play the game Badminton
8. Variants and Tournaments
Intended Learning Outcomes:

1. Understand the history of the game Badminton
2. Identify different Facility and Equipment and their use
3. learn the different terms in badminton
4. Perform the mechanics of the basic skills in Badminton
5. Learn how to play Badminton

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In this course the students will participate in a variety of activities in which they will
demonstrate and apply complex motor skills, movement concepts of badmintons. Emphasis is
on badminton games which enhance the different components of physical fitness.
Badminton is a tennis-like game played with light strong rackets that are used to strike a
shuttlecock (a feather cork missile) back and forth, before it hits the ground across a high net
within a rectangular court.
The game has an extremely varied repertory of strokes. This fact derives from the lightness of
the rackets, so that the wrist can be used much more than in most other tennis-type games:
and even more from peculiarities in the flight of the shuttlecock, or bird that is because of its
feathers and like cork base, decelerates quickly after being struck. Badminton is not a good
outdoor game because breezes affect the shuttlecock. All organized tournaments are played
indoors.
give feedback or reaction on the video below.
Reaction Time:
What can you say about the video?

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(CLICK THIS IMAGE TO WATCH THE VIDEO)
In this course the students will participate in a variety of activities in which they will explore
or research more on internet related to badminton game.
Badminton is similar to that of other racket games. This game can be played in three variants;
singles, doubles, and mixed doubles. A shuttle cock is shot with a wired metal rimmed racket
across the net, called a serve, to player(s) on the other side of the court who try to send it
back.
Each player tries to land the shuttle cock on the opposite teams while intercepting it on their
side. The cock has to fly over the net and reach the other side once a player hits it. The
shuttlecock volleys among the players to make a rally, and they hit it with their rackets till it
lands on the court or till one of the players commits a fault.
The player scores a point if the opposite player misses the shuttle. These hits can either be
smashes, slow and light, or flat and low.
Research:
Research on internet about different articles related to badminton game.

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learn about the history of badminton, environment, equipment, how to play the game,
variants and tournaments about the game badminton game.
Badminton - Overview
Badminton, prominently known as Shuttlecock, is an age old game that has its origin about
2000 years ago in parts of Europe and Asia. Badminton was mostly played by the higher
society of England as a pastime and the game was mostly practiced by hitting the shuttlecock
forward and backward. Rules similar to that of today’s Badminton were written in 1893 and
the modern game was popularized in England.
Badminton as battledore and shuttlecock is played with sides across a string suspended some
five feet above the ground. The sport tests player’s athletic stamina, agility and good motor
coordination skills.
Team Size
Size is no barrier for forming a badminton team. In university level or junior college level,
teams can either be of single gender or mixed. Players from a school can form many teams
and participate in the tournament. Two players of the same or different gender can form a
team and participate in doubles, while single players can participate in singles tournaments.
Badminton - Participating Countries
The following countries have international players participating in Badminton tournaments.
Top ten Men’s (field) Top ten Women’s (field)
Australia Netherlands
Netherlands Australia
Germany Argentina

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Belgium New Zealand
England USA
Argentina Germany
New Zealand China
South Korea England
India South Korea
Pakistan Japan
Badminton - Playing Environment
Badminton is usually played outdoors as the shuttlecock drag is higher and it is difficult to
play in windy weather conditions. As a recreational activity Badminton can be played
outdoors.
Court Dimensions
Badminton court is rectangular and is divided into two equal symmetric halves by a net
suspended from two vertical posts fixed at either sides of the court. Courts are marked for
singles and doubles, as they differ in their dimensions; the doubles court is larger in breadth
than a singles court and has a shorter serve-length dimension.

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The width of doubles court is 20 feet and that of singles court is 17 feet, and both are of the
same 44 feet length. A short service line is marked on either sides of the court at a distance of
6ft 6inches from the net. A doubles long service line runs across the breadth of the court at 13
feet from the short service line, and the end of the court marks the singles’ long service line.
A center line parallel to the length of the court divides each side of the court into two equal
halves. A net is suspended from poles at the centre on each side of the court on double
sidelines. The bottom of the net is at a height of 5 feet 1 inch from the ground at the edges
and 5 feet at the center.
Badminton - Equipment
Apart from the Badminton Racket and Shuttlecock, one would normally get to see the
following equipment when a game is on.
Badminton Racket
Modern Badminton Rackets are light in weight and don’t weigh more than 100 grams. The
frame of the Racket can be made of common metals like steel or aluminium. Sometimes
rackets are made of alloys, tough carbon fiber, ceramic, or boron. Its length does not exceed
680mm and width does not exceed 230 mm.

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Shuttlecock
Sixteen feathers fixed in a cork base enveloped in a thin leather sheet make a shuttlecock.
Interestingly, the best Badminton Shuttlecocks are made from feathers from the wing of a
goose. The shuttle weighs between 4.74 to 5.50 grams.
Badminton Shoes
A good pair of Badminton Shoes provide good grip, cushioning and some flexibility at the
forefoot.
Badminton Accessories
The commonly used Badminton Accessories are Grip, Badminton Clothes, Socks, Wrist
Band and Head Band.
Grip
A grip made of cloth or synthetic fiber absorbs sweat and provides you a drier feel.
Badminton Clothes
Comfortable T-shirts and shorts, that don’t hinder your movement are ideal to play
Badminton. A cotton round-neck or a collar t-shirts with a pair of light shorts are usually
preferred.

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Socks
Wear a pair of thick cotton socks as they help to absorb sweat. They also prevent your feet
from slipping inside your shoes. Avoid wearing Nylon socks that don’t absorb sweat.
Wrist Band
If you perspire a lot, you may consider getting a wrist band that prevents your sweat from
flowing to your racket handle.
Head Band
Wear a Head Band if you wear spectacles. It prevents your lenses from getting wet and also
stops the sweat and hair from getting into your eyes while playing.
Badminton - Terms
Attacking clear − An offensive player makes this stroke when he shoots the shuttlecock
deep into the opponent’s court.
Backcourt − Back one thirds of the court before the boundary lines on either sides of the net.
Backhand − The stroke that returns shuttle cock to the left of a right-handed player and to
the right of a left-handed player.
Base position − A singles player tries to return to the center of the court during the play; it is
also called Base position of the player.
Baseline − The line that marks the boundary at the breadth of court.
Carry − If the shuttle gets stuck for a while in the wires before getting released, the stroke
the player makes with the racket is called a carry, sling, or throw and is considered illegal.
Drive − A fast shot when the shuttle flies straight over the net but close to it.
Drop shot − A clever shot when the player rapidly drops the shuttle close to the net to the
opponent's court.
Feint − Any pretend shot or movement also called as "balk" that unsettles an opponent before
or during the serve.
Flick − A quick wrist-and-forearm rotation that changes the course of a soft shot into a fast
one and surprises the opponent.

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Forecourt − The front one thirds of the half court on both sides of the net, between the net
and the short service line.
Forehand − The stroke that returns a racket to the right side of a right-handed player and to
the left side of a left-handed player.
Game − A game is finished when a player or team scores enough points to win a single
contest; it is a part of a set.
Hairpin net shot − The trajectory of racket is hairpin shaped when a player lifts it from
falling close to the net and sends it to the other side where it drops sharply close to the net.
Half court shot − A low shot to the midcourt, usually used in doubles game.
High clear − A deep shot by a defending player to the opponent’s court.
Kill − The shuttlecock is shot very fast; so that, it cannot be returned.
Let − A minor violation of the rules when the referee allows players to replay the rally.
Long Service Line − In singles it is same as the boundary line at the breadth. In doubles the
line is 2.5 feet inside the singles line. The serve should not go past this line.
Match − A series of games where a winner emerges at the end.
Midcourt − One third middle part of court between the net and the back boundary line on
either sides of the net.
Net shot − A shot hit high from the forecourt close to the net that just flings the shuttlecock
over the net and drops it sharply.
Passing shot − Any shot passing the shuttlecock to the opposing player or team.
Push shot − A slight wrist movement that gently shoots the shuttlecock.
Service court − The area into which a service must be delivered; this is different for singles
and doubles.
Short service line − The line marked at 1.98 meters from the net in service courts where
player plays in a singles game.
Singles sideline − The side boundary of a singles court.
Smash − A hard-hit overhead shot into the opponent’s court that pushes the shuttlecock
downwards very fast.

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Wood shot − A shot with the frame of a racket.
Short Serve − This kind of serve is mostly used in Doubles. The shuttle cock barely clears
the net and lands close to the serve line.
Long Serve − This kind of serve is mostly used in Singles. The shuttlecock reaches far and
deep into the court.
How To Play Badminton?
Badminton is similar to other racket games, but it requires swift wrist and arm movements.
The feathered shuttlecock has a greater aerodynamic drag and it swings differently from a
ball.
Below is a simplified version of badminton rules that can acclimatize you to the game.
Getting Ready and Serving

The game starts with a toss. The referee tosses the coin and one player calls ‘Head’ or ‘Tail’.
Player or team that wins the toss has an option to choose a side of the court, or an option to
serve or receive first. If the player chooses his/her preferred side of the court then, the
opponent player or team can choose to serve or receive first and vice versa.
Serving is done diagonally and the first serve is made from the right hand service court. The
server should hit the shuttle underarm while it is 1.15m. The server cannot step on boundaries
and should serve from the correct service court. If the shuttle hits the net and doesn’t cross it
after the service, it has to be served again. If the server commits a fault while serving the
opponent gets the opportunity to serve.

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The receiving player receives the shuttlecock from the correct service court diagonally
opposite to the server’s court and returns it, thus starting a rally. Players can move around
their side of the court after returning the service.
When a player shoots the shuttle outside the court boundaries or when a player misses to
return the shuttle from his/her side of the court, the opponent gets a point and the rally ends.
At the end of a game players change ends, and in a deciding game players change ends when
one player or pair scores 8 (men) or 6 (ladies) points.
Serving rules for singles
The server serves from the right and left side of the service courts alternatively. Once the
service is lost the opponent gets the chance.
If the players haven’t scored any points or if they have scored an even number of points they
serve from the right side of the service court to the right side of the opponent.
If the players scored an odd number of points, they serve from the left side of the court to the
left side of the opponent.
Serving rules for doubles
Each team gets two chances to serve, one for each player. The members in a team serve
alternatively. After losing two serves the opposite team gets a chance to serve, and they start
from the right side of the court.
The serving team gets only one chance to serve at the beginning of the game.
In Doubles, the pair that served in the previous rally and at the receiving end in the current
rally doesn’t change their sides. Players that win a rally and are serving change their sides.
If the players haven’t scored any points or if they have scored an even number of points they
serve from the right side of the service court to the right side of the opponent.
If the players scored an odd number of points, they serve from the left side of the court to the
left side of the opponent.
Scoring
When the serving side wins a rally a point is added to its score and the player/team serves the
next rally.
When the receiving side wins a rally they add a point to their score and serve the next rally.

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A rally is won when a player or team makes a fault or when the shuttle lands in the
opponent’s court.
The most common faults during a rally are −
 Not hitting the shuttle before it lands within the boundaries.
 The shuttle is hit into the net.
 The shuttle fails to fly above the net.
 The shuttle lands outside the court boundary (if the shuttle lands on a line, it is in, but
if a player steps on a line while serving or receiving, they are out)
 The player’s body or the racket coming into contact with the net.
 Same player hitting the shuttle subsequently.
Winning a match
 The best of three games make a match.
 The team or player scoring 21 points faster, wins a game.
 If the score of both the teams is 20 (20-all), then the team that gets a 2 point lead wins
the game.
 If the score of both the teams is 29 (29-all), then the team that reaches 30th point first
wins the game.
 The winner of a game also wins the right to serve first in the next game.
Fouls
 Players should hit the shuttle only from their side of the court.
 Players should not touch the net or slide under it.
 The racket of a player should not land on the opposing team’s side.
 The shuttle should never hit players, even outside the boundaries.
 In Doubles, the shuttle shouldn’t hit a player or his clothing or his racket before his
teammate hits it.

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 Both feet of a player should be on the ground while serving and receiving the service.
Badminton - Variants
Speed Badminton
This game is inspired from Tennis, Badminton and Squash, and is fast gaining popularity
throughout the world. It doesn’t require a net or any specific court, and players can play on
empty roads, beaches, badminton, or tennis courts.
Two squares, each of 18 feet sides at a distance of 42 feet from each other make the court.
The rackets are of length 58-60 cm and similar to Badminton’s but the material of strings is
different. The ball, called a speeder, is heavier than a badminton shuttlecock and can shoot
through wind better.
Doubles
The doubles match is a variant of Singles Speed Badminton and is played on a single court.
The serving rules are tweaked a bit; so that, all four players get a chance to play the match. A
toss or rotating speeder decides who should serve first, and the server rotate among the four
players. While the serving player stands at the back court, the other player stands at the front.
The rules of faults are similar. The right to serve goes to the one who lost the previous rally.
Black Lighting
With proper lighting and fluorescent equipment, you may play speed badminton even at
night. It is a very flexible sport and can be played indoors or outdoors in a court that is
painted or pegged off. In some cases a portable court, similar to a carpet court is also used.
When played at night, speed badminton is called Blackminton. Back light, fluorescent paints,
glow sticks also called as speed lights, special rackets and speeders fluorescent in color make
it possible to play at night.
Badminton - Tournaments
Badminton has been a part of Summer Olympics since 1992. It is now also held in Youth
Olympic Games. BWF World Championships is the most prestigious tournament in
Badminton where the winners emerge as world champions. It is held every year but not in the
year of Olympics.

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Thomas & Uber Cup is a badminton team championship; Thomas Cup is for men and Uber
Cup for women. The recent one was held in 2014 in Siri Fort Sports Complex in New Delhi,
India.
Here is a list of some prominent tournaments that are being organized for Badminton −
 Olympics
 BWF World Championships
 Thomas & Uber Cups
 Sudirman Cup
expand more knowledge about the game badminton.
Facts and Information about the Game Badminton

The origins of the game of badminton date back at least 2,000 years to the game of battledore
and shuttlecock played in ancient Greece, China, and India.
A very long history for one of the Olympics newest sports! Badminton took its name from
Badminton House in Gloucestershire, the ancestral home of the Duke of Beaufort, where the
sport was played in the last century. Gloucestershire is now the base for the International
Badminton Federation.
The IBF was formed in 1934 with nine members: Canada, Denmark, France, Netherlands,
England, New Zealand, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The United States joined four years
later. Membership increased steadily over the next few years with a surge in new members
after the Olympic Games debut at Barcelona.

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The first big IBF tournament was the Thomas Cup (men’s world team championships) in
1948. Since then, the number of world events has increased to seven, with the addition of the
Uber Cup (ladies’ team), World Championships, Sudirman Cup (mixed team), World Juniors,
World Grand Prix Finals, and the World Cup.
The World Cup invitational event started in 1981 and is organized by the International
Management Group (IMG). The World Cup series is due to end in 1997, and the IBF is
considering organizing exhibition matches featuring the world’s top players to replace the
World Cup.
For the recent Thomas and Uber Cups in Hong Kong, the sale of commercial and television
rights was a multimillion dollar contract. And it’s not just in Asia. In Europe also, there’s a
growing number of companies bidding for rights. Television companies worldwide are
already buying exclusive rights to the 1997 World Championships to be held in Glasgow,
Scotland.
A turning point in badminton’s growth was the $20 million tripartite contract in 1994 for
sponsorship of the World Grand Prix Finals. Under the terms of the deal between the IBF,
IMG, and STAR TV, STAR injects the monies into the promotion and development of
badminton. In return, STAR gains total exclusivity for the exploitation of the commercial and
television rights to the WGP Finals. “The deal was good for both main parties,” said David
Shaw, IBF’s executive director, who was brought into the organization with a brief to grow
the sport. “We needed a strong partner in television, and the broadcaster had identified
badminton as a vehicle which would attract audiences across Asia to its prime sports
channel.”
The next phase in the rise and rise of international badminton has been to retake the USA.
The U.S. was an early member of the IBF and initially one of the most successful. When the
Uber Cup was introduced in 1956, Americans won the first three events. But then interest
waned.
Badminton is a well liked and familiar sport in the USA but, predominantly, is usually played
as a fun game in the backyard or on the beach. We know that once Americans see the other
badminton—international badminton, the world’s fastest racket sport—they will want to see
and play more. The Atlanta Olympics started to raise the sport’s profile in the U.S. The event
was a sell-out and became one of the “must-see” sports. Ex-President Jimmy Carter, Chelsea
Clinton, Paul Newman, and Princess Anne were among the celebrities who came to watch.
David Broder of the Washington Post reported “seeing one of the supreme athletic spectacles
of my life.”
The year 1996 was a landmark in USA badminton. It’s not only the Atlanta Olympic Games
that started to generate tremendous interest in the U.S. market. In December 1995, the IBF
introduced a new concept tournament in California, the Hong Ta Shan Cup, a men’s
invitation tournament with the best players and big prize money. There are now plans to add
a women’s event and to increase the prize money. The Hong Ta Shan Group has gone on to

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sponsor the U.S. Open, increasing the prize money to $200,000. This makes the event the
most valuable World Grand Prix event in the series and gives it six-star status.
The degree of change is increasing. Badminton’s debut as an Olympic Games sport has
manifestly boosted interest internationally. The STAR TV agreement has increased the
sport’s coverage dramatically. Sponsors and television companies are being attracted to a
sport which gives them access to the Asian economies. And spectators are increasingly
attracted to the exciting mix of angles, tactics, touch, reaction, and fitness that would exhaust
a squash champion. (https://www.athleticscholarships.net/history-of-badminton.htm)
test their knowledge about the badminton game.
Answer the following statement.
1. What are the dimensions for singles Badminton court?

2. What are the dimensions for doubles Badminton court?
3. What is the Net height of the game Badminton?
4. Single and Double Badminton games are played to how many points?
5. Explain how a Badminton game started using timeline.
6. List the faults used in Badminton.
7. Explain how to use the four clears in Badminton.
8. Explain how to use the drop shots in badminton.
9. Explain how to use the smash shot in badminton.
10. List the five (5) serving rules for badminton.
11. Draw and label a Badminton court, be sure to include all lines.
Badminton Court

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You’
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Good
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Module 3. Table Tennis

In this module
Introduction
Table tennis, an indoor adaptation of the game lawn tennis, played on table sized-court, with
a small, very light, hollow celluloid ball and small wooden rackets or paddles. It is also called
“ping-pong”.
Table tennis like any other sport is an educational process demanding psychological
attributes. It is still a question that who first invented table tennis as it is played today is not
known nor is the country to its origin quite definite.
Table tennis is now one of the most popular sports, possibly because players of all ages can
participate in a game which can be played all the year round in almost any room which is
large enough to take a table tennis table.
ENGAGE

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Tell me something about Table Tennis?
Table Tennis
EXPLORE
EXPLAIN
Table Tennis - Overview
Table tennis, also called ping pong, is a sport that originated in the Victorian period in
England. High-class people used to play table tennis after dinner. It was initially played by
stacking books at the center of a table and hitting a golf ball with thick books. Table tennis
needs a lot of attention and speed.

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Professional table tennis is played on a hard table which is divided by a net. Players stand
opposite to each other, and hit a lightweight ball with a small round bat across the table.
Spinning the ball makes the chances of hitting the ball a lot less. So, players tend to spin the
ball before serving it to the opponent.
Table tennis is played as singles as well as doubles. It is played in both men’s and women’s
category. Table tennis is played by the rules set by the International Table Tennis Federation
(ITTF).
Participating Countries
Table tennis is not confined to England only. It is an Olympic sport and is played by many
countries. Unlike any other sport, table tennis is governed by different governing bodies
responsible for that particular continent’s table tennis.
The top most governing bodies, apart from International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF), are
European Table Tennis Union (ETTU) for Europe and USA Table Tennis (USATT) for
United States. Below you could find the name of a few countries, out of more than 100 odd
countries that take part in table tennis tournaments.

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Table Tennis - Playing Environment
Table tennis is played by standing across a table. The umpire or scorer hides the ball in one
hand under the table, and lets the players guess which hand the ball is in. The winner gets to
decide if he/she wants to serve or on which side of the table they want to stand. Normally in
singles, the first service is decided by tossing a coin.
There is another method called serve to play, where the player plays the ball back and forth
three times and then plays out for point.
Design of the Table

Professional table tennis is played on an ITTF approved wooden table only. The table is
uniformly dark-colored and matt finished. This is simply to avoid any glares while playing.
The table is divided exactly at the middle using a net.
Amateurs tend to play on solid tables made of steel that are separated with concrete or any
solid material.
Dimensions of the Table

The table is 1.525 m (5.0 feet) wide and 2.74 m (9.0 feet) long. It is designed in such a way
that it gives a uniform bounce of 23 centimeters (9.1 inch) when a standard ball is tapped on

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the table from a height of 30 centimeters (11.8 inches). The entire table is made of only one
uniform material. The net used to divide the table is of 15.25 cm (6.0 in) in height.
Table Tennis - Equipment
The Table may be the main equipment required for playing ping-pong, but that is not the only
thing required. Players need a racquet or paddle and a ping-pong ball as well to go with the
game.
Racquet / Paddle
The term keeps changing depending on the country where it is played. As for Britain, it is
bat; in the USA, it is called a paddle. The term followed by ITTF is racquet.
The racquet is laminated and covered with rubber on either side or on both the sides
depending on the player. The player based on his/her grip decides whether they need the
rubber on either or on both sides.
The handle of the racquet is called blade. This blade could be made of many different
materials varying from glass fiber, cork, carbon fiber, Kevlar to aluminum fiber. But ITTF
recommends that at least 85% of the paddle has to be made of wood. Woods to be used are
cypress and Korina. The bat is usually is 6 inches (15 cm) wide and 6.5 inches (17 cm) long.

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Ball
The accuracy of the ball is determined by bouncing it on a flat uniform surface from a height
of 12 inches. If the ball bounces for about 9.4-10.2 inches, then that particular ball is perfect
for play.
ITTF has set certain rules for the ball’s dimension and weight. A ball of 40 millimeters in
diameter and as light as 2.7 grams should only be used to play table tennis.
Usually the balls are manufactured in either white or yellow color. The color might vary
depending on the color of table as well as surroundings. The ball is made of plastic only and
it should be ITTF approved. Ball quality is displayed by manufacturers with star mark
ranging from one to three, three being the highest.
Table Tennis - Terms
Many terms are used in a table tennis game to describe points, fouls, etc. A list of some of the
frequently used terms is given below.
 Heavy − Used to describe a strong spin.
 Blade − Wooden part of the racquet.
 Anti-spin − A defense spin used to confuse the opponent or even as a reaction to one
strong spin. Top-level players rarely use this technique, but it is very famous among
amateurs. Player uses the pimpled side of rubber of racquet.
 Inverted rubber − Smooth side of rubber which is used to play and the pimpled side
is glued to bat. The smooth side gives more spin as there is a larger contact area.
 Pimples (Pips) − Rubber side of the racquet that gives different spin effects unlike
inverted rubber. There is no much contact surface on this side of the racquet.
 Crossover − Change of stroke from forehand to backhand. A player needs to change

his/her stroke as this is often an easy target for attack. It is not easy to return a service
in this area.
 Tight − A strong return which is difficult for the opponent to handle. It is usually a
combination of spin and strong stroke.
 Loose − A weak return that has insufficient spin or stroke or both, and is easy for the
opponent to play.
 Early − This is to refer raising of ball.

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 Late − The fall of ball’s bounce.
 Loop − A strong stroke that usually overpowers the spin of the incoming ball.
 Multi-ball − A ball robot or another player continuously feeds another player in

training. This method is used to reduce time waste.
 Penhold − This is a style used to hold the paddle. This resembles t-holding a pen.
 Shakehand − Holding the paddle with index finger perpendicular to handle. This is
the most common way of holding the racquet and it resembles holding of racquet in
tennis.
 Sandwich rubber − This is to describe inverted rubber with sponge.
 Speed glue − As the name, it is a glue with high volatile solvents, used to glue sponge
of rubber to the blade (the wooden part of racquet). It increases the speed of stroke.
 Third ball − This is a stroke that’s hit by server in response to the opponent’s stroke
after serve. This is the first attacking stroke in table tennis rally.
How to Play Table Tennis?
The game usually starts by deciding who is going to serve first and who is going to receive.
The game begins after deciding which player will serve first.
Service and Return

The game is commenced by the player who serves. The ball is raised at least 16 centimeters
in air without any spin and is hit by the racquet in such a way that it hits the server’s side of
court once before going on to the receiver’s court without touching the net.
Let
A rally of unscored results is referred to as Let. This could occur because of many reasons,
but a few are −
 When the receiver is not ready and the ball is served.
 The ball is concealed and either the umpire or the opponent player is in doubt of the
serve.
Scoring
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There are many scenarios where one player gets points. A few are −
 If the ball touches anything, not the net, before reaching the opponent.
 If the opponent fails to return or service.
 If the player hits the ball with wooden part of racquet, not the rubber part, then the
opponent gets a point.
 When the receiver completes 13 returns in a rally, under expedite system.
 Player gets a point when the opponent obstructs the ball.
Alternation of Services
Service can change depending on game point of the match. Regardless of the winner of rally,
service keeps changing between opponents. A Deuce is played, when both the players have
ten points each and each player serves for one more point. The service and receiving doesn’t
change in Deuce.
Players change sides of the table at the end of each game. When one of the players scores five
points first, players change the ends regardless of serving turn. If players miss changing sides
or if are serving out of turn, the points are still calculated and game is resumed from there.
Types of Strokes
Usually strokes in table tennis are divided into two categories − offensive and defensive
strokes.
Offensive Strokes
Hit − This is a very powerful stroke with more speed and less or no spin at all. It is hard to
return this kind of stroke, but is usually played to keep the ball in the game. The paddle is
perpendicular to the direction of stroke.
Smash − As the name itself, it is a stroke which is very powerful. Usually played to return a
serve that’s either too high or too close to the net. A lot of acceleration and accuracy is
needed to deliver this stroke. It is a combination of backswing and high-speed. The ball’s
trajectory is changed with sidespin. The main objective of smash is high speed and bounce,
so that the opponent is unable to hit the ball.
Loop − This attack gives the ball more spin than speed. The racquet is parallel to direction of
stroke. This kind of stroke results in topspin and jumps a bit forward after hitting the
opponent’s side of the table.

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Counter-hit − This hit, if delivered with correct accuracy, could be as good as a smash.
When the ball is hit immediately after it bounces on the table, it results in counter-hit. To
achieve this stroke, bat should be very close to the ball.
Flick − When the backswing is compressed to a short wrist swing, it gives a flick. Usually,
played by participants, when the ball has not bounced beyond table’s edge. This stroke is
usually played to return a serve and when there is no much room for backswing. This could
resemble loop in the way it is played.
Defensive Strokes
Push − This stroke causes a backspin and makes the ball float slowly in air to the opponent’s
side. This attack is popular by name slice in Asia. This stroke can be difficult to return
because of the back spin action. This serve might land very close to the net and is difficult for
amateurs to play. However, experienced players could return this serve with a loop and could
put the opponent in a tough spot.
Block − This stroke might look easy, but could destroy the opponent. One doesn’t hit the
ball, but simply puts the racquet so close to the ball, that it hits the racquet right after its
bounce. Block could change the side of ball landing on the table, which can be highly
advantageous as the opponent wouldn’t be able to judge the ball. Usually in block, the ball is
returned with the same energy and angle with which it was served. This stroke can have a

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topspin and can make the opponent defenseless. Experienced players tend to return this serve
with a loop or a smash
Chop − This is the backspin counterpart of loop. This strike is made when the ball lands
almost at the end of the table. Hence, the strike is very heavy, and requires more energy. This
backspin is usually a return to the opponent’s topspin. If played well, the ball is horizontal to
the table while in air with a little rise. Chop is extremely difficult to return. Only certain
players can demonstrate variations in chop like no-spin impact or side spin.
Lob − This strike propels the ball to a height of about 5 meters, to land on opponent’s table
with highest spin. A good defense lob is so effective that it can be used as a return to smash.
To make a return to this strike, players usually back off from the table for about a few meter
and run towards the table to hit the ball with maximum speed and strength. This strike is very
powerful because of its unpredictability of spin.
A Game − When either one of the players scores 11 points then, he / she is declared as
winner of that particular game. In case both the players reach 10 points, then the player who
achieves two points before the other one is declared as winner of the game.
A Match − According to ITTF, a match is the best of odd number of games. Usually a match
consists of 3, 5 or 7 games.

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Table Tennis - Types of Spins
Spin plays a very important part in table tennis. The effect of spin can change the entire
game. We will discuss the different types of spins that we get to see in Table Tennis.
Backspin − This spin is used usually to keep the ball low and in the game. This spin is hard
to return and hence, is used a lot while serving. The ball rotates away from the player and so
it is hard to hit the ball. To return backspin, smash can be used but it should be very close to
the net and with full energy.
Topspin − The trajectory of the ball is perpendicular to the axis of the spin. The ball dips
downwards before bouncing and approaching the opposing side. To return this spin, the
player needs to adjust the angle of their racquet. This is not as fast as the backspin but is used
predominantly to give the opponent less chance to respond.
Sidespin − It is used much while service, as the trajectory of the ball is vertical. Sidespin
doesn’t have much effect on the bounce of the ball. This stroke is referred to as a hook.
Corkspin − This spin is referred to as drill-spin. The trajectory of the ball is more or less
parallel to axis of spin. This spin is not as effective as the ones mentioned above and can be
returned with backspin or smash. To make corkspin more effective, it is usually combined
with one or more varieties of spins.
Table Tennis - Types of Grips
Grip in table tennis is the way one player holds the racquet. There are three different styles of
holding a bat and different player has either one or both styles of holding the racquet.
Penhold

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This hold got its name, as it resembles holding a pen. Here the player’s middle, ring, little
fingers are curled around the racquet. This style of holding the racquet is called Chinese
penholding. Even though many players have this way of holding the racquet, their style of
play is entirely different.
Another style of penhodling is the Japanese/ Korean style. In this style, the three fingers are
across the back of the racquet. Players who have Chinese penholding style prefer round
racquet head, whereas the one who have the Korean style, prefer square-shaped racquet head.
Usually, players who have a penholding style don’t use the other side of the racquet. But, in
1990s the Chinese developed a reverse penhold technique in which, the player uses the other
side of the racquet as well.
Shakehand
As the name suggests, this type of grip resembles one shaking a hand. This hold is also called
the Western grip as many players of Europe and America use this style of holding a racquet.

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Shakehand grip looks easy and it is a very versatile style. So, it was started even in China and
now, many top-level Chinese players also use this technique. Apparently, players feel this
technique easier than penhold, as it gives a wide scope of play.
Seemiller
This grip is named after Danny Seemiller, as he was the one who used this technique. To
have this kind of grip, one should place the thumb and index finger on either side of the
racquet and the rest of the fingers should be placed at the bottom part.
This method is used to distract the opponent, as contrasting rubbers can be placed on both the
sides of the blade. This technique gives great loops on the forehand side.
Table Tennis - Variants
Table Tennis is a game played in singles as well as teams of two people. We will discuss the
different variants of Table Tennis in this chapter.
Singles Table Tennis

Singles Table Tennis is played between two individuals, one on each side. Both have to earn
points to win the game.

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Doubles Table Tennis

Doubles table tennis was introduced to the Commonwealth Games in 2002 and Olympic
Games in 1988. A line is created to bisect the court and create two different courts for both
the individuals. Service should be made in a way that the ball bounces at least once in the
right–hand box before bouncing on the opponent’s right side box. If this is not how the
service is done, the opponents gain a point.

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If X and Y are paired opposite to U and V. Then, X is the server to U or V. If X serves, then
U or V could be receiver and when Y serves U or V could be the receiver. This is applicable
vice-versa.
After achieving five points in the game, players must switch ends of the table.
Mixed Doubles Table Tennis

In the mixed doubles, the teams on both side have one male and one female player. The rules
are same as men’s or women’s doubles.
Table Tennis - Tournaments
Table tennis tournaments are famous in Asia and Europe. Nowadays, they are gaining more
popularity in the United States as well. The most important tournaments are −
World Table Tennis Championships

This competition was initially held in the year 1926 but then was held biennially since 1957.
Five individual events together make this tournament – Men’s singles, women’s singles,
men’s doubles, women’s doubles, mixed doubles.

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Table Tennis World Cup

This is an annually held competition since 1980. Women’s singles were introduced in the
year 1996 and team competitions in 1990.
Men's and Women's World Cups − All the matches so far were best of 7 in which they
have 3 stages.
The Preliminary Stage - Intercontinental Cup − The four representatives from Latin
America, Africa, Oceania and North America compete with all the members of the group on
a group basis. The winner of this group joins the remaining 15 players in the 1st stage.
The 1st Stage or Group Stage − The 16 players are divided into 4 groups, in a way that all
the members of a group is playing with each other. Division into groups is based on ranks of
that particular player. The players holding rank 1, 2, 3, 4 are placed in group A, B, C, D
respectively. The rest of the players are placed in different groups based on their ranking.
The 2nd Stage (Knockout) − The quarterfinals and semi-finals are knock-out rounds. The
winner of quarterfinals goes in the semi-finals and the winner of semi-finals enters the final.
Quarter Finals − Four quarter final matches (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4) are arranged in
accordance to both the final groups and the rankings in the 1st Stage. Q1 to Q4 are as follows
− A1 vs. B2, B1 vs. A2, C1 vs. D2 and D1 vs. C2.
Semi-finals − These matches are among the winner of Q1 and winner of Q2, and winner of
Q3 vs. winner of Q4.
The finals are played by winners of semi-finals, and the ones who didn’t win the semis
compete for the next position.
Olympics
Table tennis was introduced in Olympics in the year 1988. It was initially played in the form
of singles and double by both men and women.
In table tennis, Olympics has always been dominated by Chinese. They’ve won 24 gold
medals and in just 28 events.
ITTF World Tour

This tournament was introduced in the year 1996, known as ITTF pro tour, but was changed
in the year 2011.

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This tournament is played under six categories − Men’s and Women’s doubles, Men’s and
Women’s Singles and Men’s and Women’s under 21 matches.
This tournament has its own point system. The players gaining most number of points might
be invited to the ITTF world tour grand finals.
Famous Trophies
Trophies are awarded to winners of each individual game, which should be returned for next
championship.
 Swaythling Cup for Men's Team − ITTF first President donated this in 1926.
 Iran Cup for Men's Doubles − At the 1947 World Championships, this award was
presented for the first time.
 St. Bride Vase for Men's Singles − C.Corti Woodcockin 1929 donated this award, in
London.
 Corbillon Cup for Women's Team − In 1933 Marcel Corbillonin donated Corbillon
Cup.
 W.J. Pope Trophy for Women's Doubles − General Secretary of The ITTF W.J.
Pope in 1948 donated Pope Trophy.
 Heydusek Cup for Mixed Doubles − Donated by Zdenek Heydusekin 1948.
Module 4: Lawn Tennis
This module
Introduction:
Tennis is a game in which opposing players-one or two on each side- use rackets to hit a ball
back and forth over a net. The game is played on a flat surface called a court. Each player
tries to score a points by hitting the ball so that the opposing player or players cannot return it
over the net and inside the court.
Millions of people throughout the world play tennis for exercise abd recreation. They play on
courts, in public parks and in a private tennis clubs. Players of almost any age can enjoy the

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sport. While tennis can be enjoyed by players of any level of skill, top competition is a
demanding test of both style and stamina.
Tennis may be played indoors and outdoors. If two people play, the game is called singles.
If four people play, it is called doubles. In most singles and doubles matches, men play
against men and women against woman. On mixed doubles, a man and woman play on each
side.
Tennis - Overview
Tennis is believed to have originated during 12th or 13th century in France. However, it was
played by Major Walter C. Wingfield, in an hourglass shaped court in 1873 in Great Britain.
It seems to have evolved from similar ancient sports like court tennis, squash racquets and
badminton.
In 1877, the All England Croquet Club held a Tennis championship in a rectangular court
with rules similar to that of modern Tennis. It quickly spread to America, Britain, and later to
other parts of the world.
Davis Cup, an international tennis tournament, was held in 1900 to promote the game all over
the world.

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On March 1st, 1913, International Tennis Federation (ITF), the international governing body
of Tennis was established. It formulates rules to be followed by all the players participating in
competitions throughout the world. It also sets guidelines, defines the kind of equipment used
in the sport, and defines court dimensions.
Tennis is a sport played among two players or two pairs of players competing with each other
in a rectangular tennis court with fixed boundaries. The two sides of the court are separated
with a net. The sport involves shooting a tennis ball towards the other side of the court with a
tennis racket. The ball has to fall within the court boundaries. Players gain a point when the
opposite team or player fails to deliver the ball to the opponent.
Tennis tests players in delivering the ball in the intended direction and in defending the ball
delivered by their opponent.
Team Size
Tennis is played in Singles, and Doubles variants. Singles has one player on each side of the
court. Doubles match has two players per team.
Davis Cup is the only international tournament where different countries compete with each
other and there are almost six players in each side. There would be two players who play
singles on round robin basis, and two teams of two players each that participate in doubles
category.
Participating Countries
The most populated continent in the world is in process of developing the sport. Countries
like India, China, Japan, Indonesia, and Thailand have all been playing since many years.
These countries have produced some of the best players in the world. Prakash and Vijay
Amritraj, Leander Paes, Mahesh Bhupati, and Sania Mirza are top players from India. Kei
Nishikori of Japan, Li Na from China, and Thailand’s Paradorn Srichaphan are other popular
players from Asian continent.
North Americas and Europe have dominated the sport for years. The origin of the sport lead
to France in 16th century where racquets were used to play the sport and it was called Tennis.
United States, Serbia, France, Switzerland, Spain, England, Germany, and Russia have all
produced some top players over generations. Jon Borg, John McEnroe, Boris Becker, Stefan
Edberg, Pete Sampras, Steffi Graf, Andre Agassi, Martina Navratilova, Roger Federer, Rafael
Nadal, and Novak Djokovic are some of the greatest Tennis players.

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Tennis - Playing Environment
Tennis as a sport was played outdoors for long time since its origin. The complete playing
area was called lawn and the sport was fondly called as Lawn-Tennis. The court surface was
either made of clay or grass. Gradually, the playing conditions and surface changed and the
sport was played indoors too to avoid any sort of climatic interruptions.
As new tournaments emerged by late 20th century, the court surfaces also varied. For
example, Wimbledon is a tournament played on grass court. French Open is played on clay
court. US Open and Australian Open are played on hard surfaces. Paris Masters is another
tournament that is played on carpet surface which is a removable court.
Dimensions of a Tennis Lawn

All tennis courts should be rectangular in shape. As the sport is played in different formats,
Singles and Doubles; the breadth of the court varies with length unchanged. The lawn should
have a length of 23.77 meters for all matches. However, the width in a singles match is 8.23
meters and 10.97 meters for a doubles match.
The court is divided into two equal halves with a net that is 0.914 meters high from the
ground. A net is tied parallel to width of the court. There is a metal cable that holds the net
tightly with two net posts on either ends of length. These posts are not movable hence; the
courts for doubles and singles are different.
The lines drawn on wider ends of the court are called baselines and the ones on sides are
called sidelines. There will be one baseline on each end and there are two sidelines parallel to
each other. These are 1.37 meters apart. The first of these lines is called singles sideline and
the parallel one is called doubles sideline.

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Two lines are drawn parallel to net from singles sideline at 6.40 meters from net on each side.
These lines are called service lines. In addition, the area between service line and net is
divided into two equal halves with a line perpendicular to net and service line. It is called
centre line. All the lines around court should be between 2.5 and 5 centimeters except the
base line that is nearly 10 centimeters wide. The lines should have contrasting color.
Tennis - Equipment
Racket, tennis ball, shoes, and a dress code are mandatory equipment for the sport. Apart
from player needs, the tennis court needs a net to separate playing area of each player. Know
about these equipment in detail below.
Racket
Rackets can be made of many alloys or wood. There are no restrictions on the size or
materials used in making a racket. It has an oval head and a gradually widening throat that
connects the narrow handle with the head of the racket.
The head of the racket is tightly woven with strings which are made of various materials like
nylon, gut or synthetic gut. The handles are covered with leather or nylon for a better grip.
Ball

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As per ITF rules, Tennis balls are yellow colored spherical balls, with a diameter between 2.5
and 2.625 inches. They weigh between 2 and 21/16 oz. Pressurized rubber is used to make
semi spherical half shells. They are then joined with compressed air between them.
The spherical balls are covered with bright yellow colored felt. Kids aged ten and under play
with different colored balls. They move slower, bounce lower. They are also softer and larger
and are easy for kids to hit them.
Net
A rectangular net is used to separate the two sides of a Tennis court. The net should cover the
space between the two net posts. The net is woven in such a way that it does not allow the
Tennis ball to pass through. It is usually tied in about 3 feet above the ground at the centre.
Wrist bands
Wrist bands are worn around wrists to prevent sweat from wetting the players’ palm or the
racket. A wet grip might not be strong.
Head band
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Headbands are used to absorb sweat. They also tie player’s hair away from their face. Any
tight cap made of absorbent material can also be used instead of a head band.
Tennis shoes
Just running shoes don’t provide enough lateral support to players. Tennis shoes are designed
to give players better stability and prevent them from sliding while moving sideways. Shoes
shouldn’t damage the court when players move briskly across the court.
Dress
Men wear T-Shirts or shirts made of materials like polyester that does not absorb sweat and
keeps the player cool. They wear shorts that do not cover their knees.
Though women are advised to wear just any comfortable dress, of late many Tennis
champions try to make a style statement with their carefully designed clothes. Many players
prefer wearing a tank top or a T-shirt on a short skirt.

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Tennis - Popular Terms
In this chapter, we will discuss about all the popular terms used while playing Tennis.
Understanding the service line, base line, side lines, and centre line are very important and all
these were discussed in earlier chapters. The following terms are used during the play.
 Serve − A player standing behind the baseline tosses the ball in air to hit with racket
before it bounces on the ground. The ball then has to fly above the net and pitch in
opponent’s service area. The ball then travels further for opposite player to hit. This is
called a serve. Importantly, the players have to stand diagonally on the court while
serving to each other. Every first serve of game has to start from right half of the
court.
 Ace − A correct serve is considered ace if the opponent player is unable to hit and
return the ball with his racket.
 Deuce − When both players have scores of 40 then, it is called Deuce.
 Advantage − The next point won by a player after deuce gets advantage point. It is
equal to game point. If this point is broken by opponent in next serve then, they get
back to deuce.
 Game Point − The last point of a game is called game point.
 Set Point − The last point of game when the player serves to win the set.

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 Break Point − The last point of a game that opponent player wins while the other
serves.
 Match Point − The last point of the match where a player is about to win over his
opponent.
 First and second serve − The number of times a player gets the first serve correct is
analysed in percentages. In case the first serve goes wrong, then next attempt to serve
is called second serve.
 Rally − A correct serve returned by opponent player for serving player to be hit and
the continuous shots between the players is called rally. Most importantly, the players
returning the ball have to hit it over the net and ensure it pitches within area of
sideline and baseline of opponent player.
 Volley − It is an aggressive move by a player where she/he swiftly run towards the net
and take the ball on full during a rally. This gives the player a better opportunity to
place the ball well in opponent’s court and ensure opponent misses it to gain a point.
 Let − Chair umpire calls ‘Let’ when a player’s serve is good but the ball touches net
strap before reaching the opponent. In such case, the serving player gets another
chance to serve. Let is not a fault until it is not repeated. It also doesn’t discard any
service foul made just before a let.
 Advantage Set − The final set of a tennis match is called advantage set. This set
doesn’t have a tie-breaker instead; the player has to maintain difference of two games
after winning 6 games. The set continues till one of them achieves the target.
 Tie-break Set − All the other sets except the final one are tie-break sets. In a situation
where both players/teams win six games each, a tie-breaker is initiated. Single points
are given to players/teams who win each serve. The first player to score seven points
and maintains a difference of two points over opponent is declared winner of the set.
 Umpire − There are line umpires and a chair umpire in a professional tennis match.
Line umpires keep a close eye on the ball pitching on or outside the sidelines and
baselines. The chair umpire manages rest of the proceedings.
 Ball in play − When a player unintentionally hits a fixed structure like net post or
strap during a rally and ball bounces in opponent’s court then, it is considered as ball
in play. In case, the ball bounces back to same side then, opponent gets a point.
 Forehand − A shot played with racket where the palm faces in direction of the shot.
 Backhand − A shot played with arms holding the racket across the body and back of
hand facing in direction of the shot.

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Tennis - How to Play?
When it comes to playing tennis, players need to have lot of stamina and physical strength. A
player has to run corner to corner of his/her end to return the shot played by opponent. Of
course, every sport requires mental preparedness and perseverance to come out victorious.
The game starts with a toss. Chair umpire tosses the coin and one player calls ‘Head’ or
‘Tail’. Player who wins the toss has option to choose a side of the court or serve first. If the
player chooses side of the court then, the opponent player gets to serve first and vice versa.
The player serving first stands behind the base line on right half of the court and serves the
ball. The player also has to ensure not to touch or cross the centre mark on baseline. The
serving player has to stand within sideline and centre mark. The player receiving the ball can
stand inside or outside the baseline as per her/his convenience and strategy. A correct serve
done could be returned by the opponent player and it converts into a rally of continuous
shots. Either of the players could end up with a shot outside baseline or sideline for it to be
called ‘Out’. The opponent player gets a point.
The serving player gets to serve till the game is won by the player or opponent. Later, the
serve shifts to opponent player and game continues till either of them wins set and match.
During the course of the game, the players change ends after odd number of games are
played. The change in ends is applicable during a tie-break too.
The serve shifts to opponent player after completion of a game. The game of tennis is
counted by number of sets per match. Gentlemen play five sets a match and ladies play three

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sets a match. Each set has even number of games played. A player is considered to have won
a set when she/he wins six games and maintains a minimum difference of two games with
opponent. Similarly, a gentleman is decided winner when he wins three out five sets. A lady
is declared victorious when she wins two out of three sets played.
Singles, Doubles, and Mixed Doubles are the three variants of Tennis. We will discuss about
these in the next chapter. In a doubles match, the serve shifts to opponent after every game
and alternately between the partners. Who serves/receives first is decided amongst partners in
a doubles match.
When both players/teams have won six games each in a set, a tie-breaker situation arises. In a
tie-breaker, each player gets to serve twice. However, the player serving first will do it once
and the serve shifts to opponent player. In the next turn, the player who began tie-break gets
to serve twice. The tie-breaker continues till one of the players score seven points and
maintains a two point difference with opponent. By doing so, the player is declared as winner
of tie-breaker and set too.
Scoring
Scoring in a tennis match is little different when compared to other racket sports. The first
point won by a player is given 15, followed by 30, 40 and game point.
During a game, there is every possibility that opponent player wins a point too. In such case,
the scores read 0-15, 15-15, 30-30, 40-40 (deuce), advantage, and game point.
When the score reads 0-15, it means that opponent player has scored point over serving
player. Similarly, the score can read up to 0-40 and game point. This is called service break
where a player wins the game while the opponent served.
The scoring varies for a tie-breaker though. The points won by a player are given as ‘One’,
‘Two’, ‘Three’, etc. Like mentioned earlier, the player who first wins seven points and
maintains two point lead over opponent is declared winner of tie-break.
Fouls
Service Fault
During a serve, if the ball pitches outside the service line or sideline, or even hits the net then,
it is called a faulty serve. There are multiple rules for service fault.
 The serving player should not touch the baseline or sideline while serving the ball.
 If the serving player misses to hit the ball after tossing then, it is defined as service
fault.

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 A player is not allowed to run or walk while serving the ball. She/he is allowed to lift
one or both legs while serving.
Double Fault
If first and second serves happen to hit the net then, it is called double fault. Another instance
of double fault is to serve the ball twice outside the service line.
Apart from these fouls, there are certain time bound fouls that a player may commit. A player
is permitted to recover within a time limit from injury by treatment during course of the
game. The physio or medic attends the player for treatment. In case the player does not
recover then, the opponent is declared winner.
Refreshment break is given to players between games and every set. These breaks are time
bound and players have to abide them else, have to pay penalty.
Tennis - Variants
As mentioned in the previous chapter, Singles, Doubles, and Mixed Doubles are the three
variants of professional tennis sport.
Singles
In a singles game, there is only one player on each side of the court. While serving, each
player has to start from right half of the court and serve diagonally to the opponent. In men’s
singles five sets have to be played while three sets have to be played in women’s singles.
Doubles
In a doubles game, there are two players per team. The partners can decide who should serve
first. Similarly, the opponents can decide who receives the serve first. These roles have to
change alternately for each game. When two gentlemen play as a team in doubles, it is called
Men’s Doubles. When two ladies play as a team, it is called Ladies Doubles.

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Mixed Doubles
In mixed doubles, a gentleman and lady form a team. The rules are same as men’s doubles
that is the teams have to play five sets to win the game. Men’s doubles consists of five sets a
match. Women’s and mixed doubles consists of three sets a match. Teams winning maximum
number of sets win the match.
Tennis - Tournaments
The first international tournament took place in England called Wimbledon Grand Slam.
Later, Roland Garros (French Open), US Open, and Australian Open were inducted as
major Grand Slams. These four are the most popular major tournaments that happen every
year. Top players from across the world contest against each other for championship.
Davis Cup is another major international tournament where teams from two countries
compete against each other.
Entries to these tournaments are done based on rankings. Draws are taken before each
tournament to announce who plays against whom. If a top-seed player is unavailable for a
tournament in the nth hour then, a wild card entry is given to player through draws of
remaining list of players.
Here is a list of all the major Tennis tournaments that take place round the year with their
venue details.

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Tournament Name Venue
Wimbledon England
US Open United States
Roland Garros France
Australian Open Australia
ATP World Tour England
Shanghai Masters China
Miami Open United States
Paris Masters France
Monte-Carlo Masters Monaco
ATP World Tour Finals Various countries in Europe

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Module Dual SPorts Prelims

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NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY,INC

Laoag City, Ilocos Norte

II. Course Overview

B. Course Learning Outcomes

C. Module and Unit Topics

Module 1: Introduction of the Physical Education

PE 101 HEALTH AND WELLNESS

Module 2: History Badminton

Module 3: Basic skills in playing badminton

Module 4: Basic rules and regulations in playing badminton

Module 6: Basic skills in playing Table Tennis

Module 7: Basic rules and regulations in playing Table Tennis

III.Course Study Guides.

Use a personal calendar to schedule the

PE 101 HEALTH AND WELLNESS

Utilize your calendar effectively accomplishments of your activities,

Do your works one at a time. If you find the

IV. Study Schedule:

Week Topic Learning Outcomes Activities

PE 101 HEALTH AND WELLNESS

PE 101 HEALTH AND WELLNESS

basic skills in table tennis

PE 101 HEALTH AND WELLNESS

To pass this course, you must:

VI. Technological Tools

PE 101 HEALTH AND WELLNESS

MS Word; MS PowerPoint; and Adobe flash. These applications are found in

VI. Grading System

(Class Standing x 0.6) + (Midterm Rating x 0.4)

End Term Class Standing x.6 + Endterm Grade x.4

Final Grade = (Prelim + Midterm + Endterm grade) /3

Note: Class Standing includes any/all of the following:

VIII. Contact Information of the Facilitator

PE 101 HEALTH AND WELLNESS

X. Resource Support System

Module 1: Introduction to Physical Education

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

1. Trace the historical background of Physical Education.

PE 101 HEALTH AND WELLNESS

2. Understand why Physical Education is important to every individual.

3. Enumerate the objectives of Physical Education.

4. Understand the types of development of Physical Education

PE 101 HEALTH AND WELLNESS

PE 101 HEALTH AND WELLNESS

History of Physical Education

PE 101 HEALTH AND WELLNESS

During the 1700’s, PE developed significantly as it was promoted to masses. It was

Definition of Physical Education

In addition, Physical Education is an integral part of the educational program desiged to

Objectives of Physical Education

PE 101 HEALTH AND WELLNESS

1) Physical Development Objective:

2) Emotional Development Objective:

3) Mental Development Objective:

4) Social Development Objective:

Purpose of Physical Education

PE 101 HEALTH AND WELLNESS

2. P.E. is a planned, sequential instruction that promotes lifelong _______ activity.

3. __________ function refers to the enhancement to the individual’s growth and

4. Integrative function refers to _________ integration achieved through participation in

PE 101 HEALTH AND WELLNESS

6. PE was a form of entertainment as in the case of the ancient _________.

9. A series of gymnastics apparatuses was developed during the ____________.

10. In the 1800’s, British PE programs stressed ____________.