PHYSICS EDUCATION Dr.

Siti Nursaila binti

Alias
WHAT IS PHYSICS?
 natural science that involves the study of matter and energy
 the branch of science that deals with the structure of matter and
how the fundamental constituents of the observable universe

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

 HOW IS PHYSICS DONE?

Scientific method
 a process for experimentation
that is used to explore
observations and answer
questions

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

WHY LEARN PHYSICS?
 Physics helps us to understand how the world around us works.
 Physics provides quantitative and analytic skills needed
for analyzing data and solving problems in the sciences,
engineering and medicine, as well as in economics, finance,
management, law and public policy.
 Physics is the basis for most modern technology, and for the tools
and instruments used in scientific, engineering and medical research
and development.

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

SCOPE OF PHYSICS
 It covers quantities with length magnitude as high as 1040m or more
(astronomical studies of universe) and as low as 10-14m or less (study
of electrons, protons etc).
 Is broadly divided into two types based on its scope
• Classical physics: macroscopic phenomena
• Modern physics: microscopic phenomena

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

SCOPE OF PHYSICS

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

 SCOPE OF PHYSICS
AREA
Condensed Matter
Astronomy And Astrophysics
Particles And Fields
Nuclear Physics
Atomic And Molecular
Optics And Photonics
Biophysics
Materials Science
Plasma And Fusion Physics
Atmospheric And Space Physics
DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS
TOPICS OF INVESTIGATION
Structures and properties of solids and
liquids
Stars, galaxies, evolution of the universe
Fundamental particles and fields, high
energy accelerators
Nuclei, nuclear matter, quarks and gluons
Atoms, molecules
Light, laser technology
Physics of biological phenomena
Applications of condensed-matter physics
Plasmas, fusion research
Meteorology, sun, planets
THE ROLE OF MATHEMATICS AND
MEASUREMENTS IN PHYSICS
Mathematics is a compact language for representing the ideas
of physics that makes it easier to precisely state and manipulate
the relationships between the quantities that we measure in
physics.

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

THE ROLE OF MATHEMATICS AND
MEASUREMENTS IN PHYSICS
 Physicists use measurements (experiments) to test their hypotheses.

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

THE ROLE OF MATHEMATICS AND
MEASUREMENTS IN PHYSICS
 Units of measurement are an essential part of any measurement.

Base Quantity SI Unit Prefix Symbol

Length Metre (m) Tera (1012) T
Mass Kilogram (kg) Giga (109) G
Time Second (s) Mega (106) M
Electric current Ampere (A) kilo (103) k
Temperature Kelvin (K) centi (10-2) c
Amount of substance Mole (mol)
mili (10-3) m
Luminous intensity Candela (cd)
micro (10-6) m
nano (10-9) n
pico (10-12) p

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

PHYSICS AND EVERYDAY
PHENOMENA
 Our understanding of the fundamental nature of the universe is
based on concepts such as mass, energy, and electric charge that
are abstract and not directly accessible to our senses.
 If you can clearly describe and explain common events, you gain
confidence in dealing with more abstract concepts.
 Our “common sense” sometimes misleads us in our understanding of
everyday phenomena.
 By performing simple experiments, either at home or in laboratories
and demonstrations associated with your course in physics, you can
take an active part in building your own scientific worldview.

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

PHYSICS AND EVERYDAY
PHENOMENA

Friction Inertia Sound Electromagnet

Gravity Heat Optic

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

CAREER IN PHYSICS

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

PSEUDOSCIENCE

Pseudoscience includes
beliefs, theories, or
practices that have been
or are considered
scientific, but have no basis
in scientific fact.

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

PHYSICS TEACHING AND LEARNING
(T&L)

Inquiry Constructivism Contextual

Learning Learning

Mastery Problem-based Project-based

Learning Learning Learning

STEM
Approach

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

INQUIRY LEARNING
 active learning that starts by posing questions, problems or scenarios.

Learners are in the center of All learning activities

the entire process revolve around information-
processing skills.

Emphasis should be placed

Instructors facilitate the
learning process
on evaluating the
development of
information-processing
skills and conceptual
understanding

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS
IMPLEMENTATION OF INQUIRY
LEARNING

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

CONSTRUCTIVISM
 an approach to learning that holds that people actively construct or
make their own knowledge and that reality is determined by the
experiences of the learner

Learners construct their New learning builds on

own meaning prior knowledge

Learning enhanced by Meaningful learning

social interaction develops through
authentic task

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

CONSTRUCTIVISM

Cognitive or individual Individual internal

construction of
constructivism knowledge

Type of constructivism
Knowledge is
constructed through
human activity
Social
constructivism
Individuals create
meaning through their
interactions

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

 COGNITIVE OR INDIVIDUAL
CONSTRUCTIVISM

Piaget’s stage of cognitive

development

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISM

Zone of Proximal
Development

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

CONTEXTUAL LEARNING
 a method of instruction that enables students to apply new
knowledge and skills to real-life situations.

Assisting students in
Emphasizing problem Recognizing that teaching learning how to monitor
solving and learning need to their learning and thereby
occur in multiple contexts become self-regulated
learners

Anchoring teaching in the Encouraging students to Employing authentic

diverse life context of learn from each other assessment
students

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTEXTUAL
LEARNING

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

MASTERY LEARNING
 a set of group-based, individualized, teaching and
learning strategies based on the premise that students will achieve a
high level of understanding in a given domain if they are given enough
time.

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING
 a teaching method in which
complex real-world problems are
used as the vehicle to promote
student learning of concepts and
principles as opposed to direct
presentation of facts and
concepts.

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

PROJECT-BASED LEARNING
 a student-centered pedagogy
that involves a dynamic classroom
approach in which it is believed
that students acquire a deeper
knowledge through active
exploration of real-world
challenges and problems.

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING VS PROJECT-BASED LEARNING

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

STEM APPROACH
 an approach to learning and development that integrates the areas
of science, technology, engineering and mathematics

Problem solving creativity Critical analysis

Team work Independent Initiative

thinking

communication Digital literacy

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

IMPLEMENTATION OF STEM
APPROACH
Module-based
Peer-led learning
learning

Model-based Inquiry-based
learning learning

Problem-based Project-based
learning learning

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

UNDERSTANDING BY DESIGN

Traditional

Curriculum Instruction Assessment

“Backward Design”

Curriculum Assessment Instruction

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

5E INSTRUCTIONAL MODEL

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

COLLABORATIVE INQUIRY AND
DESIGN PROJECT

Traditional project Constructionist project

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

 INTEGRATED STEM EDUCATION

Integrated STEM should mean application and integration of Engineering

practice with the content and practices of Science and Mathematics to design
Technologies that solve real-world problems through collaboration and
communication.

(Lay & Kamisah, 2018)

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS
PHYSICS EDUCATION RESEARCH
(PER)
 a form of discipline-based education research specifically related to the
study of the teaching and learning of physics, often with the aim of improving
the effectiveness of student learning.

Conceptual Problem solving Attitude Social Aspects

understanding

Technology Instructional Instructional

intervention material

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

HOW PER HELPS IMPROVE T&L?
(CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING)
The researches related to the conceptual understanding help teachers in
identifying and treating students’ misconceptions about the principles of
physics
Topics Instruments
Mechanics Force Concept Inventory (FCI)
Energy Energy Concept Inventory (ECI)
Wave Wave Concept Inventory (WCI)
Electricity Electric Circuits Concept Inventory (ECCI)
Heat & Temperature Heat Temperature Concept Evaluation (HTCE)
Thermodynamics Thermodynamics Concept Inventory (TCI)
Electricity & Magnetism Brief Electricity and Magnetism Assessment (BEMA)
Quantum Mechanics Quantum Mechanics Conceptual Survey (QMCS)

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

HOW PER HELPS IMPROVE T&L?
(PROBLEM SOLVING)

The researches related to the problem solving skill in physics education was
significantly essential because physics students have to comprehend concepts
and recognize how to cohere it.

Identify the Generate new Evaluate & Implement the Assess the
problem ideas select plan effectiveness
solutions of the plan

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

HOW PER HELPS IMPROVE T&L? (ATTITUDE)

 Attitude towards science: the feelings, beliefs, and values held about an
object that may be the endeavor of science, school science, the impact of
science and technology on society, or scientists.
 The researches of attitude towards physics help teacher to select the most
suitable teaching strategies to improve students’ attitude towards physics.

Colorado Learning Attitudes Colorado Learning Attitudes

about Science Survey for about Science Survey Views About Science Survey
Experimental Physics (E- (CLASS) (VASS)
CLASS)

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

HOW PER HELPS IMPROVE T&L? (SOCIAL ASPECTS)

 Social Aspects: the study of issues related to social relations between

individuals, according to a sociological perspective.
 The researches of social aspects in Physics education help teacher to select
the most effective teaching strategies according to students’ social aspect.

Gender Race Socioeconomic

status

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

HOW PER HELPS IMPROVE T&L? (TECHNOLOGY)
 The technology in physics education help to make physics education
more relevant, more linked to real life, and more authentic and can increase the
opportunities for own investigations by the students.

PhET simulation
(https://phet.colorado.edu/) Physics classroom
(https://www.physicsclassroom.com/)

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

 HOW PER HELPS IMPROVE T&L?
(INSTRUCTIONAL INTERVENTION)
 Instructional intervention: a planned set of procedures that are specifically
designed at teaching a specific academic skill to an individual or small group
of students.
 The researches of instructional intervention in Physics education help teachers
to select the most suitable instructional intervention for their students.

Inquiry-based Problem-based Project-based

learning learning learning

Cooperative Experiential
learning learning

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

HOW PER HELPS IMPROVE T&L?
(INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS)
Instructional materials: any collection of materials including animate and
inanimate objects and human and non-human resources that a teacher may
use in teaching and learning situations to help achieve desired learning
objectives.
The researches of instructional materials in Physics education help students in
concretizing a learning experience so as to make learning more exciting,
interesting and interactive.

Text Video Audio Illustrated

materials materials materials materials

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

TECHNOLOGY CONTENT
KNOWLEDGE IN PHYSICS T&L

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

 TECHNOLOGY CONTENT KNOWLEDGE IN
PHYSICS T&L
KNOWLEDGE COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
Content Knowledge (CK) knowledge of concepts, theories, conceptual frameworks as well
as knowledge about accepted ways of developing knowledge.
Pedagogical Knowledge (PK) generic knowledge about how students learn, teaching
approaches, methods of assessment and knowledge of different
theories about learning.
Technological Knowledge (TK) an understanding of the way that technologies are used in a
specific content domain.
Pedagogical Content knowledge about how to combine pedagogy and content
Knowledge (PCK) effectively.
Technological Content knowledge about how technology may be used to provide new
Knowledge (TCK) ways of teaching content.
Technological Pedagogical the affordances and constraints of technology as an enabler of
Knowledge (TPK) different teaching approaches.
Technological Pedagogical The combinations of content, pedagogy, and technology in
Content Knowledge (TPACK) order to create an effective basis for teaching using educational
technology.

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

TECHNOLOGY CONTENT KNOWLEDGE IN
PHYSICS T&L

how technology may be used to provide new ways of teaching

content.

Virtual laboratory Simulation Animation

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS

INNOVATION IN T&L
 encourages teachers and students to explore, research and use all the
tools to uncover something new.

Innovation

Pedagogy Technology

Online distance learning Virtual reality

DR. SITI NURSAILA BINTI ALIAS