Republic of the Philippines

Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology

INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION AND TEACHER TRAINING
Guang-guang Dahican, City of Mati, Davao Oriental – 8200

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CHARLYN JYO A. ABANAS BTLE-HE2B

EDUC 102- THE TEACHING PROFESSION

MATRIX ON THE PHILOSOPHIES OF EDUCATION

Nature of
Philosophy of
Philosopher/s Key Beliefs What To Teach How To Teach Teaching and
Education
Learning

1. IDEALISM Immanuel The essential orientation of idealism can be In idealism, the Teaching Introspection,

Kant, German sensed through some of its typical tenets: aim of methods focus intuition, insight,
idealists such “Truth is the whole, or the Absolute”; “to be is education is on handling and whole-part
as Georg to be perceived”; “reality reveals its ultimate to discover and ideas through logic are
Wilhelm nature more faithfully in its highest qualities develop each
lecture, Used to bring to
Friedrich (mental) than in its lowest (material)”; “the Ego individual's
discussion, and consciousness the
Hegel, Johann is both subject and object.” abilities and full
Socratic forms or concepts
Gottlieb moral excellence
dialogue (a which are latent in
Fichte, Friedric in order to
method of the mind.
h Wilhelm better serve
teaching that Character is
Joseph society. The
uses
Schelling, curricular Developed through
questioning to
and Arthur emphasis is imitating examples
help
 and heroes.
According
subject matter to idealist,
of mind: Students the teacher must
literature, discover and be excellent in
Schopenhauer
history, clarify order to serve as
philosophy, and knowledge). an example for the
religion. student, both
intellectually and
morally.

Realist
Teaching
curriculum
methods focus
emphasizes the
on mastery of
subject matter
facts and
of the physical Curriculum should
world, Basic skills be
particularly through
Realists believe that reality exists independent Scientifically
science and demonstration
of the human mind. The ultimate reality is the approached,
and recitation.
world Mathematics. standardized, and
Students must
2. REALISM Aristotle The teacher distinct-discipline
Of physical objects. The focus is on the also
organizes and based. Character
body/objects. Truth is objective-what can be demonstrate the
presents content is developed
observed. ability to think
systematically
Through training
within a Critically and
in the rules of
discipline, scientifically,
conduct.
using
Demonstrating
observation and
use of criteria in
experimentation
making
.
decisions.

3. PERENNIALISM Plato, Aristotle, Perennialists believe that the focus of Paper-pencil Teach in a time- Teacher made test
and St. Thomas education should be the ideas that have lasted test, recitation honoured or standardized
 test, assign seats
curricula,
in rows, be strict
including
but not necessarily
over centuries. They believe the ideas are as and classics such as
expert with
Aquinas. relevant and meaningful today as when they standardized Plato and
punishment and
were written. test. Aristotle. They
reward, then set
don’t like
up classroom
changes.
rules.

4. PROGRESSIVIS John Dewey Progressivists believe that education should Progressivists The learner is a One of his tenets
M focus on the whole child, rather than on the believe that problem solver was that the
content or individuality, and thinker who
school should
progress, and makes meaning
the teacher. improve the way of
change are
Through his or life of our citizens
fundamental to
her individual through
one's education.
experience in experiencing
Believing that
the physical and freedom and
people learn
cultural context. democracy
best from what
Effective
they consider in schools. Shared
teachers
most relevant to decision making,
their lives, provide planning of
progressivists experiences so teachers with
centre their that students students, student-
curricula on can learn by selected topics are
the needs, doing.
experiences, all aspects. Books
Curriculum
interests, and are tools, rather
content is
abilities of than authority.
derived from
students. student

interests and
questions. The
scientific
 method is used
by progressivist
educators so
that students
can

study matter
and events
systematically
and first hand.

5. ESSENTIALISM William C. Essentialists believe that there is a common The core of the Essentialists Schools should not
Bagley core of knowledge that needs to be transmitted curriculum is believe try to set or
to essential that teachers influence policies.
should try to Students should
students in a systematic, disciplined way. The Knowledge and
embed be
emphasis in this conservative perspective is skills and
traditional moral
on academic rigor. Taught hard work,
values and
Schooling respect for
Intellectual and moral standards that schools virtues such as
authority, and
should teach. Should be respect for
discipline.
practical, authority,
Teachers are to
preparing perseverance,
help students keep
students to fidelity to duty,
their
become valuable consideration
members of for others, and Non-productive
society. It practicality and instincts in check,
should focus on intellectual such as aggression
knowledge that or mindlessness.
facts-the students need to
objective reality become model
out there--and citizens.
"the basics,"
training
students to
 read, write,
speak, and

Compute clearly
and logically.

1. Teacher l Learning actually
eads the occurs when new
Behaviorist are
class through a behaviors or
at least as
topic. changes in
concerned about
Behaviorists believe in a science of behavior behaviours are
how people 2. Students
and they rely heavily on scientific studies of acquired through
6. BEHAVIORISM John B. Watson behave as what listen silently.
behavior and how behavior is influenced by its associations
consequences. they know and 3. Teacher t
between stimuli
they do not tend hen sets a task
and responses.
to big innovators based on the
Thus, association
in curriculum. information.
leads to a change
in behavior.

7. CONSTRUCTIVI Jean Piaget Constructivism is based on the idea that Constructivist t 1. Elicit prior Constructivist
SM people actively construct or make their own eaching is based knowledge. New teaching is based
knowledge, and that reality is determined by on the belief knowledge is on the belief
your experiences as a learner. Basically, that learning created in that learning occu
learners use their previous knowledge as a occurs as relation to rs as learners are
foundation and build on it with new things learners are learner's pre- actively involved in
that they learn. actively involved existing a process of
in a process of knowledge. meaning and
meaning and 2. Create knowledge
knowledge cognitive construction
construction dissonance. rather than
rather than Assign problems passively receiving
passively and activities information. Learn
receiving that will ers are the makers
information. ...  challenge of meaning and
 Constructivist t students.
eaching fosters 3. Apply
critical thinking knowledge with
and creates feedback. knowledge.
motivated and 4. Reflect on
independent learning.
learners.

1. -Role play.
2. -Role play teaching Rather than
how to greet methods focus passing down
someone; on hands-on organized bodies of
explain problem solving,
something; experimenting, knowledge to new
reality is constantly changing and that we complain, and and projects, learners,
learn best through applying our request. Pragmatists
Often having believe that
experiences and thoughts to problems, as they 3. -
students work learners should
George arise. The universe is dynamic and evolving, a Character hot
8. EXPERIENTIAL in groups. apply their
Lakoff and Mar seating.
ISM "becoming" view of the world. There is no Curriculum knowledge to real
k Johnson 4. -
absolute and unchanging truth, but rather, should bring the
Character Situations through
truth is what disciplines
interviews. experimental
together to focus
Works. 5. -Make cla on inquiry. This
ssroom displays prepares students
highlighting how solving problems for citizenship,
to ask for in an daily living, and
common classro interdisciplinary
om requests way. Future careers.