LEARNING STANDARD

1.1 PHYSICAL QUATITIES 1.2 SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION

1.1.1 Explain physical quantities. 1.2.1 Interpret graph to determine the
relationship between two physical
1.1.2 Explain with examples
quantities.
base quantities and
derived quantities. 1.2.2. Analyse graph to summarise an
investigation.
1.1.3 Describe derived
quantities in terms of base 1.2.3 Carry out a scientific investigation and
quantities and their write a complete report for the Simple
corresponding S.I. units. Pendulum Experiment.
1.1.4 Explain with examples,
scalar quantities and
vector quantities.
 Activity 2:

1.1 Observe the pictures below. List the physic

quantities, measuring instruments and their units.

In learning physics, we need to carry out

investigations. We gather information through
observations and taking measurement. We measure
many types of physical quantities.

What is physics quantity?

Measuring
Activity 1 Base quantity S.I. Unit
instrument
Aim: To study base quantity

1. You are given a wooden block. Use a suitable ruler

to determine:

Physics quantity measurement

(a) thickness

(b) area

(c) volume

2. Determine the mass of the wooden block. What is

the unit used?

…………………………………………………………………

3. Among the quantities determined:

quantity that can be
measure directly

quantity that can be

determined by calculation.

What are base quantities?

What are derived quantities?

Aktiviti 3/Activity 3:
Tentukan unit bagi kuantiti terbitan berikut. x = the extension (unit m)

Determine the derived unit for the following derived Determine the unit of the spring constant k.
quantities.
1. Area = length x width A = l2

2. Volume = length x width x height V = l3

3. Density = mass ρ=m

Volume V

Define Scalar & Vector quantities

4. Velocity = displacement v=s

Time t Scalar quantities Vector quantities

5. Momentum = mass x velocity p = mv

6. Acceleration = change in velocity a = (v – u) Activity 1

Time t
1. Study the following description of events
carefully and then decide which events require
magnitude, direction or both to specify them.
Description of events Magnitude Direction
Walk 500 m and you’ll
7. Force = mass x acceleration F = ma find the shop
Walk 500 m left from the
junction and you’ll find
the shop
8. Pressure = Force P=F The temperature in the
Area A room is 25 0C
The location of Ayer
Hitam is 60 km to the
north-west of Johor
Bahru
9. Work = Force x displacement The power of the electric
bulb is 80 W

2. Give examples of scalar and vector quantities

10. Power = Work P=W
Scalar Quantities Vector Quantities
Time t

11. Charge = Current x time Q = It

Exersise 1

1. The extension of an elastic spring is directly

proportional to the stretching force acting on it.
It can be shown by the following formula:
F = kx where F = the force (unit N)

k = spring constant
 1.2

Interpret graph to determine the relationship

between two physical quantities.

A graph is plotted to interpret shape of graph and

determine relationship between two physical Type of graph:
Line:…………… through origin: ……. Gradient: ………
quantities.
Interpret graph:
Activity 4
Aim: Discuss different shape of graphs to show the

relationship between two physical quantities

Type of graph:
line:……………
through origin: …….
gradient: ……….

Interpret graph:

Type of graph:

Type of graph:
line:……………
through origin: …….
gradient: ………. Interpret graph:

Interpret graph:

Type of graph:

Type of graph:
line:……………
through origin: …….
gradient: ……….
Interpret graph:
Interpret graph:

Type of graph:

Interpret graph:

Type of graph:
Line:…………… through origin: ……. Gradient: ………

Interpret graph:
 Type of graph: 2. A student carries out an experiment to
investigate the relationship between the heat
absorbed, Q, and temperature change, ϴ of a
fixed mass of water. The result of the experiment
are shown in the graph of Q against ϴ in Diagram
2.
Interpret graph:

(i) State relationship between Q and ϴ.

…………………………………………………………………
Type of graph:

(ii) Determine the value of Q when ϴ = 1.25⁰C.

Show on the graph how you determine the
value of Q.
Interpret graph:

…………………………………………………………………

(iii) Calculate gradient, k, for graph Q against ϴ.

Type of graph: Show on the graph how you determine the
value of k.

Interpret graph:

Analyse graph to summarise an investigation.

Activity 5
Aim: Five things to analyse a graph

1. Complete the table with five things to analyse a

graph

1.

2.

3. A student carries out an experiment to

3. investigate the relationship between the depth, h
of a wooden block immersed in liquid and the
mass, m of slotted weight place on the wooden
4. block. The results of this experiment are shown
in the graph of h against m.
(i) State the relationship between h and m.
5.

…………………………………………………………………

(ii) Determine the value of h when m = 0.20 kg.

Show on the graph how you determine the
value of h.

h = ………………..
(iii) Calculate the gradient of k for the graph. Show
on the graph how you determine the value of k.

k = ……………………….

Activity 6 (Text pg 13)

Aim: Plot a graph from given data to analyse a graph

A student carries an experiment with the arrangement

4. A student carries out and experiment to
investigate the relationship between the
potential difference, V, and the current, I, of
three dry cells in parallel
(a) What happens to V as I increase?
of apparatus as shown in diagram below to
investigate the relationship between force, F with the
extension of a spring,x. The result of the experiment
is shown in table below. Help him to make a
conclusion of the investigation of the spring
experiment through the analisation of the graph.

……………………………………………………………

(i) Determine the value of V when I = 0.1 A

Show on the graph, how you determine the
value of V

V = ………………………………………………

(ii) Calculate the gradient, k, of the graph V

against I. Show on the graph how you calculate
the value of k. F/N 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
x/cm 0.8 1.6 2.4 3.2 4.0 4.8 5.6 6.4

1. Plot a graph of F against x.

2. Analyse your graph to the items below: Arrangement of apparatus:
a) State the relationship between F and x.

………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………..

b) Calculate the gradient of the graph, k. Show

on the graph how you determine the value of
k.

c) The equation which relates F and x is F = kx,

where k is the spring constant. Determine the
value of k in SI unit.

Prosedure:

Methode to control manipulated variable:

d) Area under the graf represents the work done ……………………………………………………………

to extend the spring. Determine the work
done to extend the spring for 5 cm. ……………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………..

Methode to measure responding variable:

……………………………………………………………..
e) Determine the value of F when x = 3.5 cm.
F = …….. …………………………………………………………….

f) Predict the value of x when F = 5.0 N. …………………………………………………………….

x = ……..
…………………………………………………………….

Carry out a scientific investigation and write a Method of repeating:

complete report for the Simple Pendulum
……………………………………………………………..
Experiment 1.1 (Text pg 14
……………………………………………………………..
Inference: ………………………………………...………
Tabulate your data for all values of l,t, T dan T2.
………………………………………………………………
Length of Time for 20 complete
Hypothesis: ……………………………………………… pendulum oscillation, t/s T/s T2/s2
l /cm t1 t2 taverage
……………………………………………………………… 20.0

Aim: ………………………………………………….…… 30.0

……………………………………………………………… 40.0
Manipulated variable: ……………..……………..……
50.0
Responding variable: …………………………………
60.0
Fixed variable: …………..…………………………….
70.0
Apparatus & material: ………….………………………

………………………………………………………….…..
Plot graph T against l
………………………………………………………..…….
Plot graph T 2 against l.
 ……………………………………………………………….

Conclusion:

State the relationship between T 2 and l. 4. Why is the measurement of time taken for 20
complete oscillations repeated?
……………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………..
5. Compare the value of g obtained from this
Precaution: experiment with the standard value of g that is
9.81 m s-2. Justify the difference in the values of g.
………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………….
Discussion:

1. Determine the gradient, m of the graph of T 2

against l. State the value of m in S.I. unit. Show
clearly how you obtain the answer.

𝒍
2. Given 𝑻𝟐 = 𝟒𝝅𝟐 where g is the Earth’s
𝒈
gravitational acceleration. Relate gradient, m to
the value of g and then determine the value of g in
this experiment.

3. Why does the time for 20 complete oscillations

need to be taken in this experiment?

……………………………………………………………….
Graph T against l
Graph T 2 against l
Tutorial 1.2 (a) Determine the gradient of the graph v against t.

1. Diagram 1 shows a container of chocolate

flavoured ice cream. There is a label showing
several physical quantities on the container.
(b) Determine the y-intercept of the graph when
t = 0.

(c) State the relationship between speed, v and

time, t.

.....................................................................................

Physical quantities can be classified as base 3. Hashim carried out an

quantity and derived quantity. experiment to investigate
the relationship between
the mass of slotted weights
and the period of
(a) What is the meaning of base quantitiy? oscillation, T of a spring as
shown in Figure 2.
Hashim measured the time,
t for 20 complete
.............................................................................
oscillations for different
masses of slotted

.............................................................................. weights. The data obtained

is shown in Table 1.

(b) Based on Diagram 1, classify all the physical

quantities into Table 1.

Base quantity Derived quantity

Jisim
pemberat 20 40 60 80 100
m/g
Masa 20
ayunan / 26.0 36.0 44.4 51.0 57.2
t/s
Tempoh,
2. Figure 1 shows a graph of speed, v against T/
time, t obtained from the speed test of a car.

T2 /

(a) Complete Table 1 by calculating the values of

derived data T and T 2. State the appropriate
units for both the physical quantities.

(b) Plot a graph of T 2 against m with appropriate

scales. Draw the best fit line.

(c) Determine the gradient of the graph. Show

clearly how it is done.
(d) If the experiment is done on the Moon, what is Using the value of T in (b)(i), calculate
likely to happen to the gradient of the graph? the length of the pendulum, l.
[g = 10 ms-2]

5. Hukum kegravitian Semesta Newton boleh

dinyatakan dalam bentuk persamaan berikut:

(e) How can an oscillating spring with slotted F = GMm

weights be used as a time measuring device r2
with unit of measurement in seconds? F = force, G = the gravitational constant
(T 2 = 4π2m) M, m =mass r = distance between two bodies
K
(a) Based on the equation, give an example for
each of the following:

4. Figure 4 shows the reading on a mechanical

stopwatch at the start and the end of an
experiment. The mechanical stopwatch is (i) Based quantity: ....................................
used to measure the time taken for 20
complete oscillations of a simple pendulum of
length, l. (ii) Derived quantity: ..............................

(iii) Vector quantity: ...............................

(b) Derive the unit of G in terms of S.I. base units.

starts of experiment end of experiment

(a) (i) What is the time taken for the

pendulum to make 20 complete
oscillations?

(ii) Why is it necessary to take the time

for 20 complete oscillations?

....................................................................................

...................................................................................

(iii) Suggest two ways to improve the

experiment.
...................................................................................

..................................................................................

(b) (i) Determine the period of oscillation, T

of this pendulum.

(ii) The relationship between length, l and

period, T, of a simple pendulum is
given by the equation,
l = ( g ) T2
4π2