MWAMISI DORCUS NDANU

C01/0360/2019
1.LaSwell's model of communication
His main aim was to analyse mass communication and the model is used for interpersonal or
group communication to disseminate a message to various groups in various situations. This
model describes who is saying something,what the message says,the channel used to convey
the message,who the message is aimed at and what effect the message has.
Components of this model
1.The communicator
Also the sender, who formulates and spreads the message. The sender can also be an
intermediary.
2. The content of the message
This is the message the sender spreads.
3. The medium used to convey and spread the message.
It consists of several communication tools,mass media and social media.
4. The receiver
The target individual or group.
5. The effect
This is the result the message lead to.

2.Shannon and Weaver model of communication

It's a mathematical theory of communication that urges that human communication can be
broken down into 6 key concepts:
1.Sender
The originator of the mmessage.
2.Encoder
Transmitter which converts the message into signals like waves or binary data through cables or
satellites.
3.Decoder
Reception place of the signal converting them into message.
4.Channel
The media through which the message is conveyed
5.Receiver
Destination of the message from the sender. They give feedback to the sender.
6.Noise
During transmission, the message can be distracted by physical noise like horn sounds,crowd
or thunder. Noise is the factor affecting the communication process.

3.Schramm's model of communication

Views communication as a process that takes place between a sender and a receiver, there's
also a message and a medium. This model can be used to determine the working of
communication between two people when they are exchanging information,ideas and attitudes.
It's circular rather than linear. Involves;
1.Encoder- sender of the message.
2.Decoder-receiber of the message.
3.Interpreter-person trying to understand/ analyse the message.
There's no separate sender and receiver, it's the same person.

4.Westley and MacLean model of communication

This model is seen in two contexts; interpersonal and mass communication. The difference
between the two contexts is the feedback. In interpersonal, the feedback is direct and fast while
in the mass communication it's indirect and slow. Communication begins when a person
responds selectively to their physical environment.
Components of this model
1.Source(A)- person creating and sending a message.
2.Environment(X)-physical state in which the communication process is studied.
3.Sensory experience (X1)-first thing the source sees that gives them an idea to write a
message.
4.Object of orientation (X1,X2)-what the source is exposed to,both social and cultural contexts.
5.Coding of interpretation(X')-decoding(message interpreted by the receiver.)
6.Receiver(B)-receives message from the source and interprets it.
7.Object of orientation receiver(X,b)-beliefs and the view pointsof the receiver which are based
on their past and objects of orientation.
8.Feedback(F)-once message is received, the receiver sends a message back to the source.
9.Gatekeepers(C)-person who ensures the message is filtered and tailored to the wishes of the
public and media companies.

5.Barlo and Lesikar model of communication

It focuses on encoding and decoding which happens before the sender sends the message and
before the receiver receives the message. He described the factors affecting the individual
components in communication making the communication more efficient. These are:
1.Sender(S)-the source of message who sends it to the receiver.
2.Message(M)-the substance being sent by the sender to the receiver in form of a
voice,audio,text or video.
3.Channel(C)-medium used to send the message like phone, internet.
4.Receiver(R)-person who gets the message in process.