Academia de San Lorenzo Dema-ala Inc.

Tialo, Sto. Cristo, City of San Jose del Monte, Bulacan

LESSON #1
Subject: Oral Communication
Name: ________________________________________
Teacher: Mrs. Mary Grace A. Castellon

LEARNING CONTENT: Nature and Elements of Communication

LEARNING TARGET
1.1. Define Communication
1.2. Explain the nature and Process of communication.
1.3. Differentiate the various models of communication from one another.

LEARNING CONCEPT
I. Definition of Communication
 The process of expressing and exchanging information, thoughts, ideas, and feelings.
 It involves a series of actions that lead to a particular result such as the passing on of a
message and an exchange of ideas, among others.

II. Models of Communication

1. Linear Model – shows a straight path of relaying information. One directional, which means
that information from a sender is conveyed directly to the receiver. It was proposed first by
Aristotle. Later on, communications professor and author David Berlo modified the linear model
by identifying four key elements:

*Source – Sender or origin of the message. He or she is influenced by four factors:

knowledge, attitudes, communication skills and the sociocultural system.

*Message – It is an idea, thought, or piece of information that the sender aims to express or
make known.

 Message content – what the message contains

 Elements – the language, gestures, facial expressions and body movement used by the
source or communicator to send his or her message.
 Communicator’s treatment of the message – how the sender delivers the message
 Structure of the message – arrangement
 Code of the message – the form in which the message is sent

*Channel – The means by which a message is sent

*Receiver – The one who receives the message.
2. Interactive Model – This model takes into consideration feedback from the receiver; thus, the
message in this model originates from two sources: the message from the sender and the
feedback from the receiver.

*Wilbur Schramm is an expert in mass communication and he introduced the interactive model
in 1954 the “Fields of Experience”.

3. Transaction Model – This model developed in the 1970’s by Dean Barnlund, shows
communication as occurring continuously and simultaneously between or among people.

According to Barnlund, people do not simply send and receive messages and send them back
again, in that order. Instead, they send and receive messages simultaneously and build shared
means during the interaction.

Mrs. Mary Grace A. Castellon

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