EDUC 605 – School Administration and Supervision

12:30 pm –4:30 pm (Saturday)

Name: Noera Angel M. Montemayor Date: March 27, 2021

Course: MAED - AS Professor: Dr. Romeo Lepiten

One of the essential methods in the Supervision and Administration is the

monitoring and Evaluation.

Given:
In an experiment to determine the effect of nutrition on the attention span of
elementary students, a group of 15 students were randomly assigned to each of three meals
plans: no breakfast, light breakfast and full breakfast. Their attention spans (in minutes) were
recorded during a morning reading period.

For Tabulation:
For the heading (first row): Attention Spans Of Students After Three Meal Plans
For Column 1 (No Breakfast) : 8, 7, 9, 13, 10
For Column 2 (Light Breakfast) : 14, 16, 12, 17, 11
For Column 3 (Full Breakfast) : 10, 12, 16, 15, 12

Guide Questions:
1. Show that the nutrition has an effect on the attention span of a child. Use a statistical tool to
prove your conclusion.
2. What are your insights on the scenario? Relate your answer to Supervision and
Administration.

Tabulated Data

Attention Span of Students After Three Meal Plans (in minutes)

No Breakfast Light Breakfast Full Breakfast
8 14 10
7 16 12
9 12 16
13 17 15
10 11 12

Data Analysis

With the given situation, I utilize the one-way ANOVA to define if there is a significant
difference between my variables.

But before showing the result, allow me to elaborate what is ANOVA and why I used this
statistical tool. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to determine whether there
are any statistically significant differences between the means of two or more independent
(unrelated) groups. In this case, I use a one-way ANOVA to understand whether attention
span differed based on differing meal plans amongst students, dividing students into three
independent groups, which are the No Breakfast group, Light Breakfast group and Full
Breakfast group.

I used two websites to calculate the f and p value of the treatments, website A.
https://www.socscistatistics.com/ and website B. https://goodcalculators.com/. Both website
resulted in the same f and p value upon having a significance level of 0.05 which would
indicate a 5% risk of concluding that a difference exists when there is no actual difference.
 Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the average attention span
depending on the type of meal plans of the students.

The tables below will show the Analysis of Variance result.

Summary of Data
Groups N ∑X Mean ∑X2 Std. Dev. Std. Error
No
5 47 9.4 463 2.3022 1.0296
Breakfast
Light
5 70 14 1006 2.5495 1.1402
Breakfast
Full
5 65 13 869 2.4495 1.0954
Breakfast

ANOVA Summary
Sum of Mean
Degrees of
Squares Square
Source Freedom F-stat P-Value
DF
SS MS
Between
2 58.5333 29.2667 4.9325 0.0273
Groups
Within
12 71.2005 5.9334
Groups
Total 14 129.7338

One-Way ANOVA [Average ± Standard Deviation]

The f-ratio value is 4.93258. The p-value is .027326.

The result is significant at p < .05.
We reject the null hypothesis.
Answers to Guide Questions

1. Show that the nutrition has an effect on the attention span of a child. Use a statistical tool to
prove your conclusion.

Base on the result, we can conclude that nutrition (indicated through meal
plans) have an effect on the attention span of a child. This conclusion is in
accordance to the result of the test conducted using the one-way Analysis of
Variance (ANOVA) as the statistical tool. The test showed a p-value of .027326 at
a significance level of .05. Therefore, we reject our null hypothesis.

2. What are your insights on the scenario? Relate your answer to Supervision and
Administration.
 As a teacher who has witnessed the drastic and rampant cases of malnutrition in
our school, it is not surprising to see that this lack of nutrition has great effect to the
attention span of the learners and consequently affects their academic performance.
This problem is not tolerated by the Department, and schools have taken action against
malnutrition since improving the health and nutrition of school children through school-
based programs is not a new concept in the Department. This thrust by the Department
is backed up by one of the most basic and widely accepted psychological theory in
education, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. From the bottom of the hierarchy upwards, the
needs are: physiological (food and clothing), safety (job security), love and belonging
needs (friendship), esteem, and self-actualization. Needless to say, as shown on the
graphic organizer below, a child’s Physiological needs should be catered and attended
before furthering up into the pyramid. These are biological requirements for human
survival, e.g. air, food, drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, sleep. Otherwise, if these
needs are not satisfied the human body cannot function optimally. Maslow considered
physiological needs the most important as all the other needs become secondary until
these needs are met. And this is taken into account by our Department as they plan,
craft and implement varying programs to end malnutrition.

In the perspective of a school head, I would have to take in to heart the

Department’s vision of producing “Filipinos whose competencies enable them to realize
their full potential and contribute meaningfully to building the nation.” This vision can only
be realized if our learners are performing well academically, which leads us back to the
problem, malnutrition. The school head’s understanding of the role of health and nutrition
in school-age children has fundamental implications for the design of successful programs.
The role of the school head is to ensure the effective and efficient conduct of these
programs.

His/ Her course of action should start by motivating the teachers to help
disseminate proper information regarding the importance of nutrition. Since the
teachers are the frontliners of the school, they are capable of giving direct assistance and
guidance to the parents. This can be done through regular PTA meetings or even
orientations exclusively intended for discussing this matter. Not only the parents, but the
learners should also be properly educated by the teachers by integrating proper nutrition
within and across their lessons. Despite having nationwide solutions from the Department
(such as the celebration of Nutrition Month) the school head should make an initiative to
design school-based programs and should also include the teachers in crafting these
programs that would cater the problem of malnutrition. Example interventions such as
feeding programs and backyard gardening could be of great help in combating
malnutrition. And even a simple change of the canteen’s snacks and menu could greatly
affect the learners eating habits.

The next step would be to tap stakeholders in to these school-based

programs. Since budget is always “just sufficient” to the usual needs of the school, there
is a huge chance that the crafted programs would not be allotted budget and might get
tossed aside. To solve this problem, the school head can encourage the involvement of
stakeholders such as the LGU and other private individuals or groups to lend financial
support in the conduct of these programs. Other stakeholders such as the RHU (Rural
Health Unit) can help and become speakers during the orientations and meetings with the
parents while the DAR could give seedlings to parents for their home gardens, and etc.

Other than information dissemination and stakeholder involvement, the school

head should administer constant monitoring of the progress of the programs. Starting
these programs is very hard, but maintaining and keeping it going is the hardest. Hence
continuous and periodic monitoring is necessary to ensure the success of the programs.
After the monitoring comes the evaluation part where the school faculty should analyze
whether the programs and interventions have bear fruit and were able to achieve the goal
of reducing, if not eradicating, malnutrition among the learners. Otherwise, if they prove
to be ineffective, then the school faculty can take another course of action.

But at the end the day, the burden and the responsibility of eradicating
malnutrition does not only stand on the shoulder of the school head, but instead it is
on the shoulder of the entire community. The best thing that the school head can do
is to be goal-oriented, be innovative and resourceful, and be connected with the
people around him/ her and lead in order for his/her actions to take the right path and
yield the desired results for the betterment of the school.