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Use Of Brick Dust and Fly Ash as a Soil Stabilizer

Conference Paper · November 2019

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 Symposium on Recent Advances inS Sustainable
Geotechnics
G
IGS Kanpur Chapter
C
17-20 October 2019,, IIT Kanpur, India

Use Of Brick Dust and Fly Ash as a Soil Stabilizer

Nikhil Kumar Chetana Shubham Khatri Dr. Sanjeev Suman

1 Department of Civil Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India E-mail: Nikhil.ce9027@gmail.com
Nikhil.ce9027

2 Department of Civil Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and T

Technology, Pantnagar, India E-mail:chetnabahuguna20@
chetnabahuguna20@gmail.com

3 Department of Civil Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology,

Technology Pantnagar, India E-mail: shubhamkhatri216@gmail.com

3 Department of Civil Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology,

Tech Pantnagar,, India E-mail-sanjeevsumanemail@gmail.com
sanjeevsumanemail@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: The problem with clay soil has been recorded all over the world because of their swelling and shrinkage
properties when it comes in contact of water, Due to this property of clay, soil the load-bearing
load bearing capacity and other
properties of soil are very poor. In this paper, the effect of brick dust and FA on the geotechnical properties of clay soil
is studied. The major objective of this study is to find the usefulness of waste products such as Brick Dust (BD) and Fly
Ash (FA) as a soil stabilizer so as to minimize the cost of soil stabilization. The various percentages of brick dust and
FA and their different combination have been used. The soil when stabilized with different percentages of BD and FA,
there was a significant improvement in Maximum Dry Density (MDD) achieved while at lower percentages of
Optimum Moisture Content (OMC). Results obtained for unstabilized samples are compared with the stabilizeD st
samples. It can be clearly seen from the results that brick dust and FA can be considered as a good stabilizing material
for clayey soil.

Soil Stabilization; Brick Dust; Fly Ash;.

Keywords:Soil Ash;

1. Introduction

Due to growing urbanization and the industrialization,

disposal of several byproducts of industries and
manufacturing plants has become a major problem which
may lead to several environmental problems. Therefore,
many projects are undertaken for technology
development for providing better management and safe
utilization of these waste material. In this research,
resea waste
material BD and FA have been used for soil stabilization.
Soil stabilization is a process used to improve the
engineering properties of soil such as load-bearing
load
capacity, settlement problem, shear strength, etc. The
main purpose of stabilization n is to improve the strength of
the soil and to reduce the construction cost by making the
best use of nearly available cheap materials. Almost, 20%
area in India is covered by clayey soil and shows a large diseases like asthma, inflammation, and immunological
variation in engineering properties as a result of o its far
Figure- 1 Brick Dust Production in India and other Countries
expansiveness and plastic nature, when it comes in the
contact of water. Clayey soil has its expensive nature due reactions, etc. Studies link these particulates to the four
to the mineral present in it. Talking about the by-products
by leading causes of death in the U.S: heart disease, cancer,
that can be used as a stabilizer, India is probably to have respiratory diseases, and stroke. Due to the above
more than 100,000
0,000 brick kilns producing about 150-200
150 limitations, there is acute need of investigation to utilize
billion bricks annually (Siddique 2015) and therefore can the Brick Dust and Fly Ash as an admixture and to reduce
act as the richest source of brick dust. Brick Dust is the its negative effect
fect on the environment.
environment..
component of burnt brick and the waste powder obtained
from the burning of the brick in the brick kiln. Similarly,
2. Materials and Methods
The FA generated is being used by numerous other
industries and have sufficient recycling values. In India,
power is generally generated through the coal-based
coal 2.1 Natural Soil
thermal power plant which is the main source of FA. At
present, 120-150 million n tons of coal FA is generated The sample soil sample has been collected from Sitarganj
from 120 existing coal-based
based thermal power plants in (Khatima), situated in Udham Singh Nagar
India [25]. It is expected that India will produce 300-400
300 (Uttarakhand). the
million tonnes per years of FA in the coming years. Due
to high production of brick dust and FA, it is being 2.2. Brick Dust (BD)
dumped ed on the roadside or in landfilling which may
cause environmental problems. The particles of FA
suspended in the air can be inhaled in your lungs causing
1
A sample of the Brick Dust has been taken from the brick silt, clay fraction and coarser material due to which
kiln, situated at Landhora Road, Roorkee District surface area increased hence less water required.
Haridwar (Uttrakhand).
It was also observed that for a constant percentage of BD,
2.3. Fly Ash (FA) the OMC of soil increased by increasing the % of
FA.From the above values in Table 4, it is seen that the
For this research purpose class “C” FA is used and was MDD of Soil with increasing FA decreases continuously
collected from Century Pulp and Paper Mill located at and increased when BD is added in the soil. It was found
Lalkuan, District Nainital (Uttrakhand). that the MDD of soil is decreased from 18.5 KN/m3 to
17.9 KN/m3 by increasing the percentages of FA from
The various properties of Materials used have been given 4% to 10%. MDD drop on adding FA occurs due to the
in Table 1 and Table 2. reason that the void spaces between the clay soil particles
are occupied by the FA which has low specific gravity
Table-1 Specific Gravity of Materials Used and hence is a low-density material decreasing the dry
density. Similarly, the BD has high specific gravity hence
MDD of soil increased. The MDD of soil is increased
Material Specific Gravity from 18.5 KN/m3 to 19.26 kN/m3 by increasing the
percentages of BD from 4% to 16%.
Natural Soil 2.6
Table 5shows that the Unsoaked CBR value of Soil with
Brick Dust and Fly Ash increased up to a certain
Brick Dust 2.7 percentage and and then decreased. It was found that the
Unsoaked and Soaked values of CBR of the soil are
FA 2.4 increased from 4.1% to 21.47% and 1.6% to 7.91%
respectively with increasing the % of BD from 4% to
12% and FA 4% to 8%.There is an increase in CBR of
the virgin soil by the combined effect of Fly Ash and
Brick Dust because the effect of Pozzolanic reactions of
lime present in FA react with the amorphous silica and
Material Clay % Silt % Sand % Alumina present in clay and Brick Dust which helps to
form of Cementitious and Pozzolanic gels [calcium
Soil 18.57 69.98 11.45 silicate hydrate gel (CSH) and calcium aluminate silicate
hydrate gel (CASH)] and hence increasing the
penetration strength. Similar results were found for
Brick Dust 0 8.30 91.69 soaked CBR as in Table 6.

FA 0 72 28

BD % Soil+ Soil+ Soil+ Soil+ Soil+

Table-2 Grain Size Distribution of Materials Used 0%FA 4%FA 6% 8%FA 10%F
FA A

3. Results and discussion 0 17 18 18.2 18.6 19

The variation of OMC, MDD and CBR values of Soil 4 16.4 16.5 16.7 17.1 17.8
with different percentages of Brick Dust and Fly Ash
mixes has been studied anad discussed here. 8 16 16.4 16.6 17 17.6

The variation of OMC of Soil with different 12 15.7 16 16.2 16.4 17.2
percentages of Brick Dust and Fly Ash mixes is given
in Table 3.It was found that the OMC of soil is 16 15 15.3 16.1 16.8 17.2
increased from 17% to 19% by increasing the
percentages of FA from 4% to 10%.. Also it was found Table-3 Variation of OMC with BD and FA
that the OMC of Soil increased by increasing the % of
FA and decreased by increasing the % of BD becauseFA
dries the soil by two basic mechanisms, chemical
reactions that consume moisture in the soil and by simple
dilution. The OMC of soil is decreased from 17% to 15% Table-4 Variation of MDD with BD and FA
by increasing the percentages of BD from 4% to 16% for
no FA added. The reason behind decreasing the OMC of
on increasing BD is the formation of an amount of free

2
 Symposium on Recent Advances in Sustainable
Geotechnics
IGS Kanpur Chapter
17-20 October 2019, IIT Kanpur, India

BD Soil+ Soil+ Soil+ Soil+ Soil+

% 0%FA 4%FA 6%FA 8%FA 10%FA
0 4.1 4.6 5.3 9.2 5.84

4 4.5 13.27 11.35 9.8 9.6

BD % Soil+ Soil+ Soil+ Soil+ Soil+
8 8.75 15.15 16.4 13.4 11.63
0%FA 4%FA 6%FA 8%FA 10%FA

0 18.5 18.47 18.22 18.08 17.9 12 10.06 17.77 19.08 21.47 18.14
4 18.6 18.58 18.54 18.47 18.4 16 12.33 17.34 17.07 15.27 12.26
8 18.76 18.74 18.71 18.64 18.08
Utilization Programme (FAUP), TIFAC, DST, New Delhi
12 19.01 18.97 18.75 18.85 18.1 – 110016.
16 19.26 19.12 18.91 18.64 18.51
Table-5 Variation of CBR Unsoaked with BD and FA 4. Bose, B., (2012) “Geo-Engineering Properties of
Expansive Soil Stabilized with FA” EJGE, Vol 17.

Table-6 Variation of CBR soaked with BD and FA 5. Bhavasar, S.N., Joshi H.B., Shrof P.K., Patel, A.J. (2014)
“Effect of burnt brick dust on engineering properties on
expensive soil” IJERT – International journal of research
BD Soil+ Soil+ Soil+ Soil+ Soil+ in engineering and technology, Volume 3, Issue 04, Apr-
% 0%FA 4%FA 6%FA 8%FA 10%FA 2014.

0 1.6 1.8 2.22 3.01 2.07 6. Demir, and M. Orhan, “Reuse of waste bricks in the
production line,” Building and Environment, Vol. 38(12),
4 1.98 5.25 3.21 3.08 2.57 pp. 1451-1455, May 2003.

7. Erdal Cokca (2001) “Use Of Class C FAes for the

8 2.04 6.54 7.17 5.31 3.5
Stabilization of an Expansive Soil” Journal of
Geotechnical and Geo environmental Engineering, Vol.
12 3.17 6.7 7.13 7.91 6.83 127, July, pp. 568-573.

16 2.23 6.06 5.83 5.47
4. Conclusion
After performing an experimental study on BD, it is
found that BD has good potential to be used as a soil
stabilizer so as to improve the geotechnical properties of
Soil. Its low Specific gravity, ease of compaction, change
in moisture content improves the geotechnical properties
of clay soil.The investigation also concluded that FA
provides enough strength to the soil due to its Pozzolanic
behavior and can be used as the chemical stabilizer.
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