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FLEXURAL STRESSES: �� =−

��

�� �' ��
or −
��
(1 +
�' ��
) 10. Determine the ft and fb.
� � � �2

BASIC CONCEPT METHOD: SECOND MOMENT OF INERTIA, Igx:


�� �� �' �� �� �' ��

� =−
��
1−
���
− ��
� �� =− �
+ �
or − �
(1 − �2
)
� �2
�� ��� � Where:
�� =− 1+ +� ft=flexural stress at topmost fiber
� �2 �
Where: fb=flexural stress at bottommost fiber
ft=flexural stress at topmost fiber Pe=Effective Compression Force/Load = ɣP
fb=flexural stress at bottommost fiber ɣ=Factor due to losses
Pe=Effective Compression Force/Load = ɣP M=Moment at the location
ɣ=Factor due to losses A=total gross area of the beam
M=Moment at the location e=eccentricity / distance of the compression load to N.A
A=total gross area of the beam �
a=compression block= (* this is effective compression
e=eccentricity / distance of the compression load to N.A ��
I=Transfer Moment of Inertia= ∑Igx + ∑Ad2 load, Pe *)
Ct=distance of N.A. to topmost fiber= e’=eccentricity (compression) / distance of the compression
Cb=distance of N.A. to bottommost fiber load to compression block = a-e
S=I/C I=Transfer Moment of Inertia= ∑Igx + ∑Ad2
St=section modulus of elasticity at topmost fiber ct=distance of N.A. to topmost fiber=
Sb=section modulus of elasticity at bottommost fiber cb=distance of N.A. to bottommost fiber
(2�1 + �2 )ℎ3 �1 + �2 ℎ
r=radius of gyration=

r=radius of gyration=
� ��� = �=
� � 36 2
General Steps in Investigation: General Steps in Investigation: 2�1 + �2 ℎ 2 2
ℎ1 + ℎ1 ℎ2 + ℎ2
�� = �� =
1. Find Pe. Pe= ɣP 1. Find Pe. Pe= ɣP 3(�1 + �2 )
3(�1 + �2)
2. Compute for the total area of the section, AT. 2. Compute for the total area of the section, AT.
3. Find the location of the N.A. by Varignon’s 3. Find the location of the N.A. by Varignon’s
∑�� ∑��
Theorem. Ȳ= �� Theorem. Ȳ= ��
4. Calculate Ct and Cb. 4. Calculate Ct and Cb.
5. Compute for Transfer Moment of Inertia, I=∑Igx + 5. Compute for Transfer Moment of Inertia, I
∑Ad2 ∑Igx + ∑Ad2
� �
6. Compute for �� = � 6. Compute for �� = �
7. Calculate St and Sb, S=I/C 7. Find the value of maximum moment, M.
8. Find the value of maximum moment, M. 8. Find the value of the compressive stress block,
9. Compute for ft and fb. a=M/Pe.
COMPRESSION LINE METHOD (C-Line): 9. Calculate eccentricity (compression), e’=a-e.
1
� 2
(2�1 + �2 )ℎ3 �1 + �2 ℎ �=
16
(� )
��� = �=
36 2 4� ��� = 0.055(�4 )
2�1 + �2 ℎ �2 �� = �� =
�� = �� =
3�
3(�1 + �2 ) 2

� 2 � 4
�= (� ) ��� = (� ) � 2
4 64 �= (� )
8
4� ��� = 0.11(�4 )
�� =
3�
2
Design of Prestressed Concrete Beam (WSD) �� = ��������� ������� ������ �� ������� ���������
��� = ��������� ����������� ������ �� ������� ���������
�� = ��������� ����������� ������ �� ������� ���������

3. Select trial section based on the calculated st and sb in the


PCI design handbook.
4. Select Strand Pattern based on the beam length and total
super-imposed dead loads.
5. Write the properties of the trial section.
6. Investigate for adequacy.
7. Select another trial section if inadequate.

Design of Prestressed Concrete Beam (USD)


I. Bonded Tendons

Condition:
�' = 0.15��
Procedures: �� ��� �
1. Identify Parameters: 1 − � �� �'�
+ � � − �' ≥ 0.17
1 �
a. Mechanical Properties
b. Loads �� ��� �
c. Required Length ��� = ��� 1 − �� + � − �'
�1 �'� ��
��� ��
2. Compute For Section Modulus: ���
� 1−� �� +��� +��
� = ≥ 0.80 0.55
���� −��
1−� �� +���+�� ≥ 0.85 0.40
�� = �� −���� ≥ 0.90 0.28

� = ��������� �������� ������


�� = ������ ��� �� ���� − ����ℎ�
��� = ������ ��� �� ����� − ������� ���� ����
�� = ������ ��� �� ���� ����
��� = ��������� ������� ������ �� ������� ���������
II. Unbonded Tendons
UNITS Conditions Equation ∑�� = 0
English �� ��� ��� + 60,000 0.85�'� �� = ��� ��� + �� ��
ℎ ≤ 35 = ���
+ 10,000 �� = ∅��
�'� � �
+ �� = �� �� − 2 + �� � − 2
100��
�� −��
≤ ��� ∅ = 0.65 + 0.25 1000−��
�� ��� ��� + 30,000
ℎ > 35 = ��� �
� = ���
+ 10,000
���
�'� �� = ��
+ �
300��
≤ ��� 600(�−�)
SI �� ��� ��� + 420 �� = �
ℎ ≤ 35 = ��� + 70 �'� =
600(�−�')

�'�
+
100��
≤ ���
�� ��� ��� + 210
ℎ ≤ 35 = ��� + 70
�'�
+
300��
≤ ���

RCD

For �'� ≤ 28:


�1 = 0.85
For �'� ≥ 28:
0.05
�1 = 0.85 − 8
�' � − 28 ≥ 0.65
Partial Loss on Prestress Immediate Losses:

Pretension Post-tension 1. Elastic Shortening, ∆����


A) Immediate (Pretension):
Loss ∆���� = ����
1. Elastic �'�� =
−��
1+
�2
+
���
Shortenin � �2 �

g
2. Frictional (Post-tension):
Loss 1
∆���� = ∑��=1 (∆���� )�

3. Anchorage
Seating
Loss 2. Anchorage Seating Loss, ∆���
B) Time- ∆��� =
∆�
���

dependen
t Loss
3. Frictional Loss, ∆���
1. Steel
Relaxation ∆��� = ��� (�� + ��) k=wobble effect factor
8�
2. Shrinkage �=

3. Creep
Time-dependent Losses: 3. Shrinkage, ∆����
KSH Method:
1. Steel Relaxation, ∆��� �
∆���� = 8.2 × 10−6 ��� ��� 1 − 0.06 (100 − ��)
log � ∆� ' �
∆��� = ��� ' 10
( ∆��� − 0.55)
��

∆��� = [��� − �∆ ���� + ���� + ���� ) × � Time Dependent:


∆���� = ∈�� ���
t in hours (365 days/year)
Prestressing bars: ��� = 0.80��� �
∈�� = ∈ (MOIST CURING, AFTER 7 DAYS)
35+� ���
Stress-relieved tendons: ��� = 0.85��� �
∈�� = ∈ (STEAM CURING, 1-3 DAYS)
55+� ���
Low-relaxation tendons: ��� = 0.90���

∈��� = 780�10−6 t in days


2. Creep, , ∆����
∆��� = ���� (��� − ����)

��� = 2.0 (����������)


��� = 1.6 (���� − �������)

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