CHAPTER l

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Today’s teaching and learning comes in different styles and forms thus teachers are

now experimenting on the new trends and methods on teaching and learning which aim

at improving the quality of education. One of the emanating new methods in teaching

and learning today is the use of modular approach where in the teacher intervention is

minimal or limited. This style of teaching and learning is a student-centered since the

student has to learn everything in the module by his own effort and phase. This method

is different from the traditional classroom setting where in a teacher presents the lesson

and the student learned the concept. Daries (2009).

Defined module as a unit of work in a course of instruction that is virtually self-

contained and a method of teaching that is based on the concept of building up skills

and knowledge in discrete units.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to know the effectiveness of modular instruction in teaching senior

high student in Brgy. Parag-um Carigara Leyte.

Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following question.

1. Do you have Internet access at home?

2. Modularization also promoted positive changes on you?

3. Have you encountered some technical problem on your module?

4. Did you passed your modules on time?

5. Modularization also promoted effective teaching learning process?

6. What electronic devices did you used at home?

___ Mobile Phone ___ Laptop ___ Computer

Scope and Delimitation

The main focus of this study is to know the effectiveness of modular instruction in

teaching senior high student. This study will be conducted at Brgy. Parag-um Carigara

Leyte, our respondent will be the students in Jugaban National High School.

Significance of the Study

This study will be very beneficial to the following:

Students: The finding of this study would be benefited and inspired by the students.

At the end, students could finally know the effectiveness of modular instruction in

teaching senior high student.

Parents: This study will help the parent to be aware that they are the one who are

responsible in supporting and guiding their child.

Future researcher: This research would help the future researcher to have an idea

about the study.

Teachers: this study would help them to focus on their

 Chapter ll

Review of Related Literature and Conceptual Framework

Related literature and Studies

Greager and Murray (2001) enumerated the advantages offered to the teacher who

uses the modular approach. These are: it provides the opportunity for organizing

numerous sequences to reflect special interest of the teacher and students; it allows the

teacher to focus on the deficiencies of students in the subject matter; it serves to

eliminate the necessity of covering subject matter already known to students. With the

use of modules, the progress of students is assessed and the routine aspect on

instruction is reduced giving the teacher a chance to enjoy her personal contact with

the students Samonte (2004) developed, evaluated and tried out an environmental

outdoor education module for the use of students of St. Scholastica College. She found

out that majority of the students’ comments and responses to the guide questions and

personal insights were positive. The remarks and suggestions were sufficient reasons

for considering the modules suitable and purposeful. She concluded that the module

was able to a great extent to meet the criteria set in terms of content, instruction Data

Characteristics and effectiveness Aquino-Danganan (2001) proposed instructional

modules in developing computational skills in College Algebra.

Theretical/Conceptual Framework of the Study

Toohey (1999) Biggs (1999) Roisin Donnelly and Marian Fitzmaurice (2005)

designed a module to forge educationally sound and logical links between learner's

needs, aims, learning outcomes, resources, learning and teaching techniques and

strategies, criteria of assessment and evaluation.

Null hypothesis

There is an outlined of module Design and Development. This provides brief

overview of the process, highlighting the crucial variables in module design and finding

the relationships between them; however it is important to stress that it is not a linear

process. Seeking to incorporate the following to your module design can offer a more

preponderant likelihood of fostering a deep approach to learning. Continuous

interaction with content and others;

• relating new ideas to previous existing knowledge;

• providing clear explanations and cognizance base knowledge to students;

• structuring in a balanced student workload

Definition of terms

Modality - the ability to move or be moved freely and easily.

Socio-demography - relating to, or involving a combination of social and demographic

factors of, relating to, or involving a combination of social and demographic factors.

Phase - distinct period or stage in a series of events or a process of change or

development.

Emanating - defined as coming from, or being spread out from a source.

Intervention - the act of interfering with the outcome or course especially of a condition

or process.

New trends - a prevailing tendency or indication drift current trend in education.

Conceptually - in terms of a concept or abstract idea.

Operationally - with regard to routine functioning, especially of an organization or

system.
 Chapter lll

Methodology

Research Design

This study will be using Descriptive design in quantitative research to have a wide

variety of research methods to investigate one or more variable. The Descriptive design

is suitable to this study because it is defined as a type of quantitative research, through

quantitative research can also be used for descriptive purposes. The research design

should be carefully developed to ensure that the results are valid and genuine.

Research Respondents

The study will focus on the Effectiveness of Modular Instruction in Teaching Senior

High School Students. 10 representative of senior high students are the respondents for

this research study.

Research Locale

The research will conducted the study in Parag-um Carigara Leyte. The

respondents of this study are the senior high students of JNHS.

Sampling Technique

The sample techniques in conducting this research study are convenience sample

and non-probability technique sample. Nonprobability sampling is a method of sampling

wherein, it is not known that which individual from the population will be selected as a

sample. Convenient sample also known as case of access is the easiest method of

sampling because the respondent are selected, based on their availability and

willingness to take part.

Research Instrument

The collection of data is important part of any research activities. This is because,

the conclusion of this study are based on what the data reveals. In this study the

researchers will use survey questionnaires.

A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of question for the

purpose of gathering information from respondents.

Validation/Dry run of Instrument

The researchers will be using questionnaire in conducting data. To collect the

information needed, the questionnaires will be given to the 10 respondents in this

research study and the 10 respondents will answer all the questions given.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will assure that this study will be conducted systematically. The

researchers will ask a consent and approval from the Brgy. Captain of Parag-um

Carigara Leyte through a communication letter. The researchers are expected to

conduct the interview after the approval is granted.

Method of scoring

The researchers will be using table and pie graph. Table helps summarize and

categorize data using columns and rows. It contains heading that indicator most

important information about the research study.

Statistical Treatment of Data

Table 1 Percentage Effectiveness of Modular Instruction of the SHS Students in JNHS

Effectiveness

of modular
YES No Percentage
instruction

Internet access

at home
6 4 60%

Positive

changes
8 2 80%

Technical

problem
5 5 50%

Retrieving

modules on
4 6 40%
time

Effective

teaching
8 2 80%
learning

process

Table 2 Frequency and Percentage Electronic devices users of SHS Students

Electronic devices Frequency Percentage

Smart phone 8 80%

Laptop 0 0%

Computer 2 20%
 Bibliography

Biggs, J. (1999). Teaching for Quality Learning at University. Buckingham: SRHE/OU

Press

Toohey, S. (1999). Designing Courses for Higher Education. Buckingham: SRHE and

OU Press

Daries, I. (2001). Instructional Technology and Media. McGraw Hill Book Company New

York, USA.

Greager, Joan and Darrel Murray. The Use of Modules in College Teaching. Washington,

D.C: Nichols Publishing Co., Inc., 2001.

Samonte, Ma Cristina L. Development, Evaluation and Try-out of an Environmental

Outdoor Education Module. . PNU, July 2000

Aquino-Danganan, Aussie. Development and Validation of A Module in Developing

Computational Skills in College Algebra Tarlac State University. April 2001.

Salandan, Gloria. Teacher Education Journal. Quezon City: Katha Publishing Co., Inc.

2001.

Brown, G. and M. Atkins (1991). Effective Teaching in Higher Education. London:

Routledge.