Name: Muhammad Hamza Ghouri

Roll No # 15056

Course: Business Research Methods

Instructor: Sir Usama Iqbal

Term: Mid Term Examination 2021

Q1) Give one example of each kind of Quantitative Research?
Ans) Quantitative research means to explain phenomenon by collection of numerical data which
is then analyzed by implementing mathematical based methods and formula.

 Correlational Research: It is a type of Quantitative research in which researchers

determine the magnitude of relationship between two or more variables by using
statistical input.

Example: Research to check the increasing awareness among people regarding breast cancer
campaign

 Descriptive Research: It is a type of Quantitative research in which researchers

determine the status of known variable. It also provides the organized knowledge of fact.

Example: Research on young people aged from 20 to 30 years who spend more money on
fashion rather than Food.

 Casual Research: It is a type of Quantitative research in which researchers determine

the cause effect relationship between variables. Basically, in this research there are two
variables one is independent and another one is dependent variables, so the researchers
measured the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable.

Example: Effect of alcohol consumption in the body. In this statement we consider people as
Independent variable and Alcohol as a dependent variable. This example explains the cause
effect relationship of between Drinking and body.

 Experimental Research: Experimental Research is a type of Quantitative research

in which researchers determine the cause effect relationship between the group of
variables. Basically, this research is conducted in the laboratory. In this research
independent variable manipulated to determine the effect on dependent variable.

Example: Research to examine the effect of learning on intermediate student during the Covid
pandemic.
  Non Experimental Research: Non-Experimental research is a type of Quantitative
research in which researchers work on the natural variables without any manipulation of
variables.

Example: research to analyze the performance of Pakistan Cricket team Under Mikey Aurther
and Waqar younis’s coaching from the previous records.

Q2) Give one example of each kind of Qualitative research?

Ans) In Qualitative research, researchers find to Answers of questions about why and how
people behave like this. Basically, it is a research of human behavior.

 Ethnography: the type of research where Researchers elaborate the detailed study of
certain culture

Example: Mcdonalds had opened their first branch in Pakistan in 1998 before the opening
R&D dept of Mcdonalds had to carefully study the culture of Pakistan the main point being
the usage of Halal meat however in case of india they had to study their culture due to
majority of the people being vegetarian and had to limit beef which could have created
controversies.

 Phenomenology: It is a type of Qualitative research in which researchers determine

the lived experience of different peoples. Basically, this research Conduct for the purpose
of understanding of different people’s perception.

Example: Research study to determine number of hard worker’s in an organization.

 Symbolic Interactionism: it is the type of study where researcher study how

humans interact with each other by using symbols and other gestures.

Example: When going to a 5 star hotel and eating food at their restaurant once done with the
food we place the knife and Fork in a cross position giving a signal to the waiter that were done
with the food.
  Feminism: It is a type of Qualitative research in which researchers determine about the
elimination of force unevenness and encounter of women. This research is different from
traditional research.

Example: Men being a top priority at top level management then Female.

 Post Modernism: It’s is a type of Qualitative research in which researchers dismisses

the probability that we can have target data. Postmodernism regards the theoretical and
various evaluations of individuals and organizations rather than fated rules for movement.

Example: Argument on which is better for economic system Communism vs capitalism.

Q3) SHORT ANWERS

1. What are the six ways to write literature review?

Ans: Following are the ways to write a good literature review

a. Favor and Against

b. Chronological Order
c. Region Wise
d. Anything Related to the Topic
e. Variable based
f. Strongest to weakest
2. What are the three ways to identify variable of research?

Ans) Following are the three types if variable in a research

 Variable Based
 Expert opinion
i) Industry Expert
ii) Research expert
 Researcher own Judgement / observation

3. What is theoretical framework of Research?

 Ans) The theoretical framework is the structure that can hold or support a theory of a
explains why the research problem under study exist

4. Identify DV and IV from below statement

“Impact of online Education upon student learning”

Ans) In the above given statement online education is dependent variable while students are
independent variable

Q4) Briefly differentiate between the following term,

 Problem statement and Research Objective: Problem statement is used in

research paper to help the peoples for their better understanding that what kind of
problem is addressed in this research paper and what are the outcomes to eliminate this
problem.
Whereas Research Objective is basically the goal of researcher basically it is a statement
in which researchers what they want to achieve from this research
 Importance and Scope of Research: The main purpose of research is to find out
the solution of the problem which is addressed in our research paper by using different
techniques. And to discover the hidden truth.
Whereas it is also a part of research in which researchers explain the specific areas and
specific variables of research. Basically, in research paper researchers provide scope of
research in which they explain what kind of information is analyzed.
 Literature Review and Variable Research:
Literature review is a part of research paper in which researchers show complete
summary of previous research of the topic. Basically, it shows the previous work of
researcher. The main purpose of literature review is going provide what ideas established
in paper.
Whereas In Variable research there are two kinds of variables independent variable and
dependent variables. Basically, it represents the measurable traits that can change over
the course of a scientific experiment.