MALAYAN COLLEGES MINDANAO

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

ME115 – REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS DESIGN PROJECT

April 9, 2021

SUBMITTED BY:

Dequito, Baby Janlo F.

Cainglet, Kent Xavier H.

SUBMITTED TO:

Engr. Rhizhail D. Cabalse, MSME

College of Engineering and Architecture

Table of Contents

1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 3
2. Parts of the System ..................................................................................... 5
2.1. Compressor ........................................................................................... 5
2.2. Condenser ............................................................................................. 6
2.3. Expansion Valve.................................................................................... 8
2.4. Evaporator ............................................................................................. 8
3. Assumptions, Equations, and Solutions ...................................................... 9
3.1. Assumptions .......................................................................................... 9
3.2. Cooling Load ......................................................................................... 9
3.2.1. Transmission Load .......................................................................... 9
3.2.2. Product Load (Product Exchange) ................................................ 11
3.2.3. Product Load (Product Respiration) .............................................. 13
3.2.4. Internal Load ................................................................................. 14
3.1.5. Equipment Load (Evaporator Fans) .............................................. 15
3.3 Theoretical Solution.............................................................................. 16
4. Conclusion ................................................................................................. 18
5. References ................................................................................................ 19
1. Introduction
Food preservation has been used by people for ages. Without food

preservation, food spoilage can happen, rendering food to be inedible. Food

can be preserved through many ways, one of which is using the method of

freezing. In cold places in the world, food preservation through freezing is very

important especially during wintertime. It is because it assures a supply of food

when the people are not able to gather or hunt food during the harsh wintertime.

It is also important to preserve food in low temperatures to prevent the growth

of microorganisms which causes spoilage.

The designers will try to design a refrigeration system for a refrigerator

which can hold produce with the following parameters:

Every week, a new batch of produce will be added to the refrigerator with

the following parameters:

2. Parts of the System

2.1. Compressor

The compressor chosen by the designers was a Danfoss B25G which

uses the Refrigerant 134A. it is a light reciprocating compressor its design

specifications shown in the figure below.

The cooling load of the refrigeration system was determined by the

designers and its calculation can be seen on chapter 3.1. Refrigeration is

assumed to be done on a small-scale refrigerator which has a cooling load of

0.087 kW. The cooling load is then used to determine the approporiate

compressor. Using the graph and table below, we have determined the

evaporating and condensing temperature which are -15 ℃ and 40.83 ℃. These

parameters were then used to determine the COP of the refrigeration system.

2.2. Condenser

The condenser chosen by the designers was a model Optyma™, OP-

MCGC003TLA04G 114X0107
 This is the graph that we used in the condensing unit can be seen on the

next page.
2.3. Expansion Valve

The expansion valve chosen by the designers was a model Electric

expansion valve, AKVH 10-0 068F4088.

2.4. Evaporator

A 100 W small evaporator was used in this design since the cooling load

is calculated to be 87 W. There are constraints in the design due to the small

cooling load therefore the designers chose to place the said evaporator since it

is close to the calculated cooling load. The evaporator design can be seen on

the next page.

3. Assumptions, Equations, and Solutions

3.1. Assumptions

In this design it is assumed that the insulation used is polyurethane due

to its good properties for refrigeration. The ambient, inside, floor, and product

entering temperatures were also assumed as well as the duration, area of the

refrigeration room, wattage of lights, and evaporator fan motors.

The product respiration heat and specific heat capacity were taken from

external studies.

3.2. Cooling Load

3.2.1. Transmission Load

 𝑄𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑈𝐴∆𝑇

Where, 𝑄𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 (𝑘𝑊ℎ⁄𝑑𝑎𝑦)

𝑈 = 𝑈 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 (𝑊⁄𝑚2 𝐾 )

∆𝑇 = 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 − 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 (℃)

Given:

Insulation: Polyurethane 80 mm thick

Floor temperature = 10 ℃

Ambient air temperature = 29.5 ℃

Internal air temperature = 2.5 ℃

Floor area = (0.73 m)2 = 0.53 m2

Wall & roof area = 4 (0.73 m) (1.57 m) + (0.73 m)2 = 5.12 m2

Solution:

For wall & roof:

𝑄𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = (0.28 𝑊⁄𝑚2 𝐾 ) (0.53 𝑚2 )(29.5 ℃ − 2.5 ℃) (24 ℎ𝑟𝑠.⁄𝑑𝑎𝑦)

= 𝟗𝟐𝟖. 𝟗𝟕𝟑 𝑾 ∙ 𝒉⁄𝒅𝒂𝒚

For floor:

𝑄𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = (0.28 𝑊⁄𝑚2 𝐾 ) (0.53 𝑚2 )(10 ℃ − 2.5 ℃) (24 ℎ𝑟𝑠.⁄𝑑𝑎𝑦)

= 𝟐𝟔. 𝟕𝟏𝟐 𝑾 ∙ 𝒉⁄𝒅𝒂𝒚

3.2.2. Product Load (Product Exchange)

𝑄𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑,𝑒𝑥 = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇

Where, 𝑄𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 = 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑒𝑥𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 (𝑘𝑊ℎ⁄𝑑𝑎𝑦)

𝑘𝐽
𝐶𝑝 = 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 ( ⁄𝑘𝑔 ∙ ℃)

∆𝑇 = 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 − 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 (℃)

Given:

Weekly mass:
Specific heat:

Lettuce 4.02

Oranges 3.777

Potato 3.43

Apples 3.64

Broccoli 3.85

Cabbages 3.94

Corn 2.01

Entering temperature = 5 ℃

Internal air temperature = 2.5 ℃

Answers:

Product Q

Lettuce 0

Orange 0

Potato 5.1042x10-4

Apple 0

Broccoli 1.9097x10-4

Cabbage 1.9522x10-4

Corn 4.9851x10-4

Total 1.39534x10-3
3.2.3. Product Load (Product Respiration)

𝑄𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑,𝑟𝑒𝑠 = 𝑚𝑊

Where, 𝑄𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑,𝑟𝑒𝑠 = 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 (𝑘𝑊ℎ⁄𝑑𝑎𝑦)

𝑚 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 (𝑘𝑔)

𝑘𝐽
𝑊 = 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 ( ⁄𝑘𝑔)

Given:
Answers:

∴ 𝑇𝑂𝑇𝐴𝐿 𝑃𝑅𝑂𝐷𝑈𝐶𝑇 𝐿𝑂𝐴𝐷 = 0.00139534 + 0.1300752 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟑𝟗 𝒌𝑾𝒉⁄𝒅𝒂𝒚

3.2.4. Internal Load

𝑄𝑖𝑛𝑡,𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 𝑛𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑃𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑡

Where, 𝑄𝑖𝑛𝑡,𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑠 (𝑘𝑊ℎ⁄𝑑𝑎𝑦)

𝑛𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑠

𝑃𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑠 (𝑊)

𝑡 = 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑠𝑒 (𝑚𝑖𝑛. ) ∙

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑦

Given:

Solution:

3.1.5. Equipment Load (Evaporator Fans)

𝑄𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝,𝑓𝑎𝑛𝑠 = 𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑃𝑓𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑡

Where, 𝑄𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝,𝑓𝑎𝑛𝑠 = 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑎𝑛𝑠 (𝑘𝑊ℎ⁄𝑑𝑎𝑦)

 𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑛𝑠 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑛𝑠

𝑃𝑓𝑎𝑛𝑠 = 𝑓𝑎𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 (𝑊)

𝑡 = 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑛 𝑢𝑠𝑒 (ℎ𝑟𝑠. )

Given:

𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑛𝑠 = 2

𝑃𝑓𝑎𝑛𝑠 = 12 𝑊 𝑡 = 24 ℎ𝑟𝑠.⁄𝑑𝑎𝑦

Solution:

𝑄 = (2) (24 ℎ𝑟𝑠.⁄𝑑𝑎𝑦) (12 𝑊) = 𝟓𝟕𝟔 𝑾𝒉⁄𝒅𝒂𝒚

3.3 Theoretical Solution

4. Conclusion
Based on the solved COP, the COP of the system surpasses the COP

represented by the compressor graph as seen below. COP in the graph was

calculated through interpolation of the condensing temperature ( and capacity

at -15 ℃. The designers can then conclude that the system is effective.
5. References
Whirlpool. (2019, December 03). Refrigerator sizes: The guide to measuring for

fit. Retrieved April 09, 2021, from

https://www.whirlpool.com/blog/kitchen/guide-to-refrigerator-sizes-

dimensions.html

Roger Schmidt Roger Schmidt had a B.S. in Chemistry and an MBA from

Indiana University and had retired in 2009 from K-FLEX USA after working

in research and development and marketi, & Schmidt, R. (2017, June 09).

Types of insulation for refrigeration applications. Retrieved April 09, 2021,

from https://insulation.org/io/articles/types-of-insulation-for-refrigeration-

applications/

Specific heat of food and foodstuff. (n.d.). Retrieved April 09, 2021, from

https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/specific-heat-capacity-food-

d_295.html

Technical data sheet (B25G). (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://lightcommercialrefrigeration.danfoss.com/

114X0107. (n.d.). Retrieved April 09, 2021, from

https://store.danfoss.com/en/Climate-Solutions-for-cooling/Condensing-
 Units/Optyma%E2%84%A2/Optyma%E2%84%A2%2C-OP-

MCGC003TLA04G/p/114X0107

068f4088. (n.d.). Retrieved April 09, 2021, from

https://store.danfoss.com/en/Climate-Solutions-for-

cooling/Valves/Expansion-Valves/Electric-Expansion-Valves/Electric-

expansion-valve%2C-AKVH-10-0/p/068F4088