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SCHEME
( S.I.W.E.S )
REPORT AT
PORT HARCOURT
BY
OSHO OPEYEMI
SUBMITTED TO
PORT HARCOURT
JANUARY 2011
DEDICATION
I dedicate this report to God Almighty, Family and Loved Ones.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I also feel indebted to the following people who played various
roles to impart their knowledge to me during my training.
My Dad, who made me never to give up and let go even when the
job was tedious.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1994.
engines and generators for the oil sector and industrial users as
Service Department
Sales Department
were replaceable parts are stored, which their job is to order parts
Diesel Engines
less than 10:1. The average car has a 7:1 compression ratio.
the fuel is injected. This is one of the factors that allow the
air. Limiting the amount of air entering the engine limits the
the engine, adding more fuel does not increase engine speed
beyond the point where the fuel burns 100% of the available
air (oxygen).
mechanical energy.
temperature.
Working Principle
Otto cycle, Carnot vapor cycle, Diesel cycle etc. Out of that
Vehicles.
and light and heavy oil used as fuel. This fuel is ignited by
at constant pressure.
from the top dead centre. As a result, inlet valve opens and
the bottom dead centre. During this stroke both inlet and
exhaust valve are closed. The air drawn into the cylinder
pushing the piston down and hence work is done. At the end
upward. The exhaust valve opens, while inlet and fuel valve
are closed. A greater part of the burnt fuel gases escape due
carburetor mixes air and fuel long before the air enters the
combustion process.
Some diesel engines contain a glow plug. When a diesel
engine is cold, the compression process may not raise the air
raises the air temperature when the engine is cold so that the
problem.
Common Rail
The Common Rail system also has a lift/transfer pump and a high
pressure pump. The high pressure pump pressurizes the fuel which is
then sent to a rail connected to all injectors. Unlike the other systems,
Unit). The ECU uses information from the vehicle sensors to control
diesel, the block also provides the structure and rigid frame
weights and directs returning oil into the oil pan. The oil pan
is located at the bottom of the crankcase as shown in Figure
lubricating oil. Large diesel engines may have the oil pan
functions. First, they provide the top seal for the cylinder bore
and exhausting gasses from the cylinder. They can use either
ports or valves or a combination of both. Ports are slots in
cylinder walls located in the lower 1/3 of the bore. See Figure
travels below the level of the ports, the ports are "opened"
when the piston travels back above the level of the ports.
the valve seals against the head is called the valve seat. Most
Engine Valve.
aware of it. When the pistons in the engine reach the exhaust
tight seals so that exhaust cannot escape from the cylinders. One
pipes of the manifold, they can start to leak exhaust fumes into
(courtesy: Caterpillar)
convert motion into rotary motion. The principal moving parts are
illustrated by Figure 9.
These rings function as the seal between the piston and the
contact area between the piston and the cylinder wall. The
rings are usually made of cast iron and coated with chrome
Each end of the rod is bored, with the smaller top bore
in Figure 9. The large bore end of the rod is split in half and
the cylinders in the left and right banks directly opposite each
other instead of staggered (most common configuration).
The crankshaft does not ride directly on the cast iron block
diesels, the flywheel has gear teeth around its perimeter that
lobes, one lobe for each valve and fuel injector. Each lobe has a
lobe. The followers are connected to the engine's valves and fuel
spring. The energy stored in the valve spring is then used to close
the valve as the camshaft lobe rotates out from under the
lash is the term given to the "slop" or "give" in the valve train
series of gears called idler gears and timing gears. The gears
allow the rotation of the camshaft to correspond or be in time
with, the rotation of the crank shaft and thereby allow the valve
type engine, each bank will have one or more camshafts per
head. In the larger engines, the intake valves exhaust valves, and
camshafts.
top of the block running down one side of the cylinder bank.
the heads.
CONDITION MONITORING
Methods of Maintenance
maintenance.
Preventive maintenance: This is a scheduled servicing
up.
CHAPTER 3
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
I did not encounter any major problem but I must not fail to
engines.
CHAPTER 4
format for all companies traines, so that they would all have
a uniform format.
SIWES should try to visit the trainees before the end of their
themselves.
Conclusion