Exercise 6E

1 a sin =
4θ 0 0° ≤ θ ≤ 360° 1
2 a cos 2θ= , 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π
Let X = 4 θ so 0˚ ≤ X ≤ 1440° 2
Solve sin X = 0 in the interval Let X = 2θ
0˚ ≤ X ≤ 1440° 1
From the graph of y = sin X, sin X = 0 cos X =
2
where As X = 2θ and 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π , the interval for
X = 0˚, 180°, 360°, 540°, 720°, 900°, X is 0 ≤ X ≤ 4π
1080°, 1260°, 1440°
X
θ=
4
= 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270°,
315°, 360°

b cos 3θ = −1 0° ≤ θ ≤ 360°
Let X = 3 θ so 0˚ ≤ X ≤ 1080°
Solve cos X = 0 in the interval
0˚ ≤ X ≤ 1080°
From the graph of y = cos X, cos X = −1
where
X = 180°, 540°, 900°,
X π
θ= The principal solution for X is
3 3
=60°, 180°, 300° π 5π
The other solutions for X are 2π − = ,
3 3
c tan 2=
θ 1 0° ≤ θ ≤ 360° π 7π π 11π
Let X = 2 θ 2π + = and 4π − =
3 3 3 3
Solve tan X = 1 in the interval Since X = 2θ
0˚ ≤ X ≤ 720°. π 5π 7π 11π
A solution is X = tan −1 (1) = 45° θ= , , ,
6 6 6 6
As tan X is +ve, X is in the first and third
quadrants.
So X = 45°, 225°, 405°, 585°

X
θ=
2
=22 12 °, 112 12 °, 202 12 °, 292 12 °

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 θ  1 1
2 b tan   =− , 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π 2 c sin ( −=
θ) , 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π
2 3 2
θ 1
Let X = − sin θ =
2 2
1 1
tan X = − sin θ = −
3 2
θ
As X = and 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π , the interval for
2
X is 0 ≤ X ≤ π

5π 7π
=θ = and θ
4 4
π 5π
The principal solution for X is π − =
6 6
θ
Since X =
2
5π
θ=
3

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2
3 a tan(45° − θ ) = −1 0° ≤ θ ≤ 360° 3 c Solve tan X = 3 where X = (θ + 75° ) .
Let X = 45° − θ so 0˚ ≥ − θ ≥ −360° The interval for X is 75° ≤ X≤ 435°
Solve tan X = −1 in the interval
45° ≥ X ≥ −315°
One solution is tan −1 3= 60°( )
A solution is X = tan−1(−1) = −45° (This is not in the interval)
As tan X is −ve, X is in the second and As tan X is +ve, solutions are in the first
fourth quadrants. and third quadrants.

X = −225°, −45°
X = 240°, 420°
So θ = 45° − X = 90°, 270°
So θ = X – 75°
= 165°, 345°
 π
b 2sin  θ − = 1, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π  π  3
 9 d sin  θ −  = − , 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π
π  18  2
let X= θ − π
9 let X= θ −
 π 1 18
sin  θ −  = 3
 9 2 sin X = −
π 17π 2
The interval for X is − ≤X≤ π 35π
9 9 The interval for X is − ≤X≤
1 18 18
sin X =
2

π
The principal value of X is
6 4π 5π
So X = and X =
5π π 3 3
The other value of X is π − =
6 6 π
Since X= θ −
π 18
Since X= θ −
9 25π 31π
=θ = and θ
5π 17π 18 18
=θ = and θ
18 18
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3 e Solve cos X=
° 0.6 where X= ( 70° − x ) .  π
4 b 4sin  θ +=
 π 5π
 5cos  θ +  , 0 ≤ θ ≤
 4  4 2
The interval for X is π
180 + 70 ≥ X ≥ −180 + 70 Let X= θ +
4
i.e. − 110 ≤ X ≤ 250. π 11π
4sin X 5cos X ,
= ≤X≤
First solution is cos −1
( 0.6
= ) 53.1° 4 4
As cos X ° is + ve, X is in the first and sin X 5
=
cos X 4
fourth quadrants.
5
tan X =
4

X = −53.1°, +53.1°
So θ = 70° − X
= 16.9°, 123° (3 s.f.)

4 a Let X = 3θ
X = 0.896 , X = π + 0.896 =4.04 and
So 3 sin X = 2 cos X
X= 2π + 0.896 = 7.18
sin X 2
= π
cos X 3 Since X= θ +
2 4
tan X = θ = 0.111 , θ = 3.25 and θ = 6.39
3
As X = 3θ, then as 0˚ ≤ θ ≤ 180°
So 3 × 0˚ ≤ X ≤ 3 × 180° c Let X = 2x
So the interval for X is 0˚ ≤ X ≤ 540°. 2 sin X − 7 cos X = 0
X = 33.7°, 213.7°, 393.7° 2 sin X = 7 cos X
i.e. 3θ = 33.7°, 213.7°, 393.7° sin X 7
So θ = 11.2°, 71.2°, 131.2° =
cos X 2
7
tan X =
2
As X = 2x, then as 0˚ ≤ x ≤ 180°
So 2 × 0˚ ≤ X ≤ 2 × 180°
So the interval for X is 0˚ ≤ X ≤ 360°.
X = 74.05°, 254.05°
i.e. 2x = 74.05°, 254.05°
So x = 37.0°, 127.0°

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  π  π 5 b Let X = 2x
4 d 3 sin  θ +  + cos  θ + = 0, 0 ≤ θ ≤ π So cos X = −0.8
 4  4
As X = 2x, then as 0 ≤ x ≤ 180°
π
Let X= θ + So 2 × 0 ≤ X ≤ 2 × 180°
4 So the interval for X is 0 ≤ X ≤ 360°
π 5π X = 143.13°, 216.87°
3 sin X + cos X= 0, ≤θ ≤
4 4 i.e. 2x = 143.13°, 216.87°
3 sin X = − cos X So x = 71.6°, 108.4°
sin X 1
= − 6 a
cos X 3
1
tan X = −
3

 3   2π   5π 
b  0,  ,  , 0  and  , 0 
 2   3   3 

π 5π
X =π − =
6 6
π
Since X= θ +
4
7π
θ=
12

5 a Let X = x + 20°
So sin X = 12
As X = x + 20°, then as 0 ≤ x ≤ 180°
So 0 + 20 ≤ x ≤ 180° + 20
So the interval for X is 20° ≤ X ≤ 200°.
X = 30°, 150°
i.e. x + 20° = 30°, 150°
So x = 10°, 130°

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  π 7 a 4sin x = 3cos x
6 c sin  x += 0.55, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π sin x 3
 3 =
π cos x 4
Let X = x + 3
3 tan x =
π 7π 4
sin
= X 0.55, ≤x≤
3 3
b Let X = 2θ
3
So tan X =
4
As X = 2θ, then as 0˚ ≤ θ ≤ 360°
So 2 × 0˚ ≤ X ≤ 2 × 360°
So the interval for X is 0˚ ≤ X ≤ 720°.
X = 36.87°, 216.87°, 396.87°, 576.87°
i.e. 2θ = 36.87°, 216.87°, 396.87°, 576.87°
So θ = 18.4°, 108.4°, 198.4°, 288.4°

1
8 a tan kx =
− , k >0
X = 0.582 , X = π − 0.582 = 2.56 and 3
X= 2π + 0.582 = 6.87 π
π Since x = is a solution
Since X = x + 3
3 πk  1
x = −0.465 , x = 1.51 and x = 5.82 tan  = −
 3  3
x = −0.465 lies outside the limits so
π k 5π
x = 1.51 and x = 5.82 =
3 6
5
k=
2

b This is not the only possible value of k as

increasing k will bring another ‘branch’ of
the tan graph into place.

Challenge

Let X = 3x − 45°
So sin X = 12
As X = 3x − 45°, then as 0˚ ≤ x ≤ 180°
So 3 × 0˚ − 45° ≤ x ≤ 3 × 180° − 45°
So the interval for X is −45° ≤ X ≤ 495°.
X = 30°, 150°, 390°
i.e. 3x − 45° = 30°, 150°, 390°
So x = 25°, 65°, 145°

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