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Q Neutra Q-q q

1 |𝑞1 ||𝑞2 |
𝐹𝑒𝑙 =
4𝜋𝜀 𝑑2 1 𝑄𝑞 − 𝑞 2
𝐹𝑒𝑙 =
4𝜋𝜀 𝑑2
1 𝑄−𝑞 𝑞
𝐹𝑒𝑙 =
4𝜋𝜀 𝑑2 𝑄𝑞 − 𝑞 2
 1 𝑄𝑞 − 𝑞 2 1
𝐹𝑒𝑙 (𝑞) = 2
𝑄 − 2𝑞 = 0
4𝜋𝜀 𝑑2 4𝜋𝜀 𝑑

𝑄 − 2𝑞 = 0(4𝜋𝜀 𝑑 2 )
′ 1
𝐹𝑒𝑙 𝑞 = 2
(𝑄 − 2𝑞) 𝑄 − 2𝑞 = 0
4𝜋𝜀 𝑑
𝑄 = 2𝑞
1
0= 2
(𝑄 − 2𝑞) 𝑞 1
4𝜋𝜀 𝑑 =
𝑄 2
 y
1 2 q1 -q2
𝑎 𝑎

𝑎√2
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
3 4 q3 -q4
𝑎 x 𝑎 x
 q1 𝐹12 -q2

𝐹14

𝑎√2
𝑎

𝐹32

q3 𝐹34 𝑎
-q4
𝐹31
 1 200 10−9 |100 10−9 |
𝐹(3,1) =
4𝜋𝜀 (5 (10−2 ))2

1 2 ∗ 104 10−18
𝐹(3,1) =
4𝜋𝜀 25 (10−4 )

1 2 ∗ 104 10−18
𝐹(3,1) =
4𝜋𝜀 25 (10−4 )

1 |𝑞1 ||𝑞2 | 1 2 ∗ 108 10−18

𝐹𝑒𝑙 = 𝐹(3,1) =
4𝜋𝜀 𝑑2 4𝜋𝜀 25
 1 1 10−10
𝐹(3,1) =
2𝜋𝜀 25
1 10−10
𝐹(3,1) =
2(3,14)(8,85 ∗ 10−12 ) 25
10−10
𝐹(3,1) =
157(8,85 ∗ 10−12 )
102
𝐹(3,1) =
1389.45
1 2 ∗ 108 10−18
𝐹(3,1) =
4𝜋𝜀 25 𝐹(3,1) = −0,072 𝑁
 1 200 10−9 | − 200 10−9 |
𝐹(3,4) =
4𝜋𝜀 (5 (10−2 ))2

1 4 ∗ 104 10−18
𝐹(3,4) =
4𝜋𝜀 25 (10−4 )

1 4 ∗ 104 10−18
𝐹(3,4) =
4𝜋𝜀 25 (10−4 )

1 |𝑞1 ||𝑞2 | 1 4 ∗ 108 10−18

𝐹𝑒𝑙 = 𝐹(3,4) =
4𝜋𝜀 𝑑2 4𝜋𝜀 25
 1 1 10−10
𝐹(3,4) =
𝜋𝜀 25
1 10−10
𝐹(3,4) =
(3,14)(8,85 ∗ 10−12 ) 25
10−10
𝐹(3,4) =
78,5(8,85 ∗ 10−12 )
102
𝐹(3,4) =
694.73
1 4 ∗ 108 10−18
𝐹(3,4) =
4𝜋𝜀 25 𝐹(3,4) = 0,145 𝑁
 1 200 10−9 | − 100 10−9 |
𝐹(3,2) =
4𝜋𝜀 (5 √2(10−2 ))2

1 2 ∗ 104 10−18
𝐹(3,2) =
4𝜋𝜀 25 ∗ 2 (10−4 )

1 2 ∗ 104 10−18
𝐹(3,1) =
4𝜋𝜀 50 (10−4 )

1 |𝑞1 ||𝑞2 | 1 2 ∗ 108 10−18

𝐹𝑒𝑙 = 𝐹(3,1) =
4𝜋𝜀 𝑑2 4𝜋𝜀 50
 1 1 10−10
𝐹(3,2) =
2𝜋𝜀 50
1 10−10
𝐹(3,2) =
2(3,14)(8,85 ∗ 10−12 ) 50
10−10
𝐹(3,2) =
314(8,85 ∗ 10−12 )
102
𝐹(3,2) =
2778.9
1 2 ∗ 108 10−18
𝐹(3,2) =
4𝜋𝜀 25 𝐹(3,2) = 0,036 𝑁
 𝐹 3,2 ,𝑦 =𝐹 3,2 ∗ sen 𝜃
tg 𝜃 = 1
arc tg 1= 𝜃 𝐹 3,2 ,𝑦 = 0,036 ∗ sen 𝜃
𝜃
𝜃 = 45° 𝐹 3,2 ,𝑦 = 0,025𝑁

𝐹 3,2 ,𝑥 =𝐹 3,2 ∗ cos 𝜃

𝐶.𝑂 𝐹 3,2 ,𝑥 = 0,036 ∗ cos 45°

tg 𝜃 =
𝐶.𝐴
𝐹 3,2 ,𝑥 = 0,036 ∗ cos 45°
𝑎 𝐹 = 0,025𝑁
tg 𝜃 = 3,2 ,𝑥
𝑎
 b)
a) 𝐹𝑦 = 𝐹 +𝐹
𝐹𝑥 = 𝐹 3,2 ,𝑦 3,1
3,2 ,𝑥 + 𝐹 3,4

𝐹𝑦 = 0,025 − 0,072
𝐹𝑥 = 0,025 + 0,145

𝐹𝑥 = 0,17𝑁 𝐹𝑦 = −0,047𝑁
 1 |𝑞1 |
𝑞1 −𝑞2 𝐸1 =
4𝜋𝜀 𝑑 2
1 |2,1 ∗ 10−8 |
𝑥 20𝑐𝑚 70𝑐𝑚 𝐸1 =
4𝜋𝜀 (𝑥 − 20 ∗ 10−2 )2

𝑞1 −4𝑞1 1 |𝑞2 |
𝐸2 =
4𝜋𝜀 𝑑 2
𝑥 20𝑐𝑚 70𝑐𝑚 1 | − 4 ∗ 2,1 ∗ 10−8 |
𝐸2 =
4𝜋𝜀 (𝑥 − 70 ∗ 10−2 )2
 |𝑞2 | |𝑞1 |
𝑞1 −4𝑞1 − =0
−2
(𝑥 − 70 ∗ 10 ) 2 −2
(𝑥 − 20 ∗ 10 ) 2

𝑥 20𝑐𝑚 70𝑐𝑚 |𝑞2 | |𝑞1 |

−2 2
=
(𝑥 − 70 ∗ 10 ) (𝑥 − 20 ∗ 10−2 )2
1 |𝑞2 | |𝑞1 |
𝐸= −2 2
−
4𝜋𝜀 (𝑥 − 70 ∗ 10 ) (𝑥 − 20 ∗ 10−2 )2
|𝑞2 | (𝑥 − 70 ∗ 10−2 )2
𝐸 = 0 𝐶𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝑁𝑢𝑙𝑜 =
|𝑞1 | (𝑥 − 20 ∗ 10−2 )2
1 |𝑞2 | |𝑞1 |
−2 2
− −2 2
=0
4𝜋𝜀 (𝑥 − 70 ∗ 10 ) (𝑥 − 20 ∗ 10 )
 4 ∗ 2,1 ∗ 10−8 (𝑥 − 70 ∗ 10−2 )2
𝑞1 −4𝑞1 =√
√2,1 ∗ 10−8 (𝑥 − 20 ∗ 10−2 )2

𝑥 20𝑐𝑚 70𝑐𝑚 (4 ∗ 2,1 ∗ 10−8 ) (𝑥 − 70 ∗ 10−2 )

± =
√2,1 ∗ 10−8 (𝑥 − 20 ∗ 10−2 )
|𝑞2 | (𝑥 − 70 ∗ 10−2 )2
= 2 2,1 ∗ 10−8 (𝑥 − 70 ∗ 10−2 )
|𝑞1 | (𝑥 − 20 ∗ 10−2 )2 ± =
√2,1 ∗ 10−8 (𝑥 − 20 ∗ 10−2 )
√|𝑞2 | √(𝑥 − 70 ∗ 10−2 )2
= (𝑥 − 70 ∗ 10−2 )
√|𝑞1 | √(𝑥 − 20 ∗ 10−2 )2 ±2 =
(𝑥 − 20 ∗ 10−2 )
 𝑥 − 70 ∗ 10−2 = 2𝑥 − 40 ∗ 10−2
𝑞1 −4𝑞1
𝑥 = −30 ∗ 10−2 𝑚 𝑜𝑢 − 30𝑐𝑚
𝑥 20𝑐𝑚 70𝑐𝑚

(𝑥 − 70 ∗ 10−2 ) (𝑥 − 7010−2 )
−2
= ±2 −2
= ±2
(𝑥 − 20 ∗ 10 ) (𝑥 − 2010 )
(𝑥 − 70 ∗ 10−2 ) (𝑥 − 7010−2 )
−2
= +2 −2
= −2
(𝑥 − 20 ∗ 10 ) (𝑥 − 2010 )

𝑥 − 70 ∗ 10−2 = 2(𝑥 − 20 ∗ 10−2 ) 𝑥 = 37 ∗ 10−2 𝑚 𝑜𝑢 37𝑐𝑚

 q2 -q2
q1 𝑎
q1
𝐸3 𝐸2
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝐸1
𝐸4
𝑎√2 -q4 𝑎√2 q3
q4 q3
𝑎 x 𝑎 x

𝐶.𝑂
tg 𝜃 = tg 𝜃 = 1
𝐶.𝐴
arc tg 1= 𝜃
𝑎
tg 𝜃 = 𝜃 = 45°
𝑎
 q1 𝐸 = 𝐸1 + 𝐸2 − 𝐸3 − 𝐸4
-q2
𝐸3 𝐸2 𝐸𝑥 = 𝐸1 + 𝐸2 − 𝐸3 − 𝐸4 𝑐𝑜𝑠45°
𝑎 𝐸1
𝐸4
𝑎√2
2 1 |𝑞1 | 1 |𝑞2 | 1 |𝑞3 | 1 |𝑞4 |
-q4 𝑎 q3 𝐸𝑥 = 2
+ 2
− 2
− 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠45°
4𝜋𝜀 𝑑 4𝜋𝜀 𝑑 4𝜋𝜀 𝑑 4𝜋𝜀 𝑑

1 |𝑞1 | 1
𝐸= 𝑟 𝐸𝑥 = 2
|𝑞1 | + |𝑞2 | − |𝑞3 | − |𝑞4 | 𝑐𝑜𝑠45°
4𝜋𝜀 𝑑 2 4𝜋𝜀𝑑
1
𝐸𝑥 = |𝑞1 | + |𝑞2 | − |𝑞3 | − |𝑞4 | 𝑐𝑜𝑠45°
𝑎 2 2
4𝜋𝜀( )
2
 1
q1 -q2 𝐸𝑥 = |𝑞1 | + |𝑞2 | − |𝑞3 | − |𝑞4 | 𝑐𝑜𝑠45°
𝑎 2 2
𝐸3 𝐸2 4𝜋𝜀( )
2
𝑎 𝐸1
𝐸4
𝑎√2 1 2
2 𝐸𝑥 = 2 |𝑞1 | + |𝑞2 | − |𝑞3 | − |𝑞4 |
-q4 𝑎 q3 2𝑎 2
4𝜋𝜀( )
4
1
𝐸𝑥 = 2
|𝑞1 | + |𝑞2 | − |𝑞3 | − |𝑞4 | √2
4𝜋𝜀𝑎

|𝑞1 | + |𝑞2 | − |𝑞3 | − |𝑞4 | √2

𝐸𝑥 =
4 ∗ (3,14)(8,85 ∗ 10−12 )(5 ∗ 10−2 )2
 |𝑞1 | + |𝑞2 | − |𝑞3 | − |𝑞4 | √2
𝐸𝑥 =
4 ∗ (3,14)(8,85 ∗ 10−12 )(5 ∗ 10−2 )2

|10 10−9 | + | − 20 10−9 | − |20 10−9 | − | − 10 10−9 | √2

𝐸𝑥 =
4 ∗ (3,14)(8,85 ∗ 10−12 )(25 ∗ 10−4 )

10 10−9 + 20 10−9 − 20 10−9 − 10 10−9 √2

𝐸𝑥 =
4 ∗ (3,14)(8,85 ∗ 10−12 )(25 ∗ 10−4 )

𝐸𝑥 = 0 𝑁/𝐶
 q1 𝐸 = 𝐸1 + 𝐸2 − 𝐸3 − 𝐸4
-q2
𝐸3 𝐸2 𝐸𝑦 = −𝐸1 + 𝐸2 + 𝐸3 − 𝐸4 𝑠𝑒𝑛45°
𝑎 𝐸1
𝐸4
𝑎√2 1 𝑞1 1 𝑞2 1 |𝑞3 | 1 |𝑞4 |
2 𝐸𝑦 = − 2
+ 2
+ 2
− 2
𝑠𝑒𝑛45°
-q4 𝑎 q3 4𝜋𝜀 𝑑 4𝜋𝜀 𝑑 4𝜋𝜀 𝑑 4𝜋𝜀 𝑑

1 |𝑞1 | 1
𝐸= 𝑟 𝐸𝑦 = 2
− 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 + |𝑞3 | − |𝑞4 | 𝑠𝑒𝑛45°
4𝜋𝜀 𝑑 2 4𝜋𝜀𝑑
1
𝐸𝑦 = − 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 + |𝑞3 | − |𝑞4 | 𝑠𝑒𝑛45°
𝑎 2 2
4𝜋𝜀( )
2
 1
q1 -q2 𝐸𝑦 = − 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 + |𝑞3 | − |𝑞4 | 𝑠𝑒𝑛45°
𝑎 2 2
𝐸3 𝐸2 4𝜋𝜀( )
2
𝑎 𝐸1
𝐸4
𝑎√2 1 2
2 𝐸𝑦 = 2 − 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 + |𝑞3 | − |𝑞4 |
-q4 𝑎 q3 2𝑎 2
4𝜋𝜀( )
4
1
𝐸𝑦 = 2
− 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 + |𝑞3 | − |𝑞4 | √2
4𝜋𝜀𝑎

− 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 + |𝑞3 | − |𝑞4 | √2
𝐸𝑦 =
4 ∗ (3,14)(8,85 ∗ 10−12 )(5 ∗ 10−2 )2
 − 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 + |𝑞3 | − |𝑞4 | √2
𝐸𝑦 =
4 ∗ (3,14)(8,85 ∗ 10−12 )(5 ∗ 10−2 )2

− 10 10−9 + −20 10−9 + |20 10−9 | − | − 10 10−9 | √2

𝐸𝑦 =
4 ∗ (3,14)(8,85 ∗ 10−12 )(25 ∗ 10−4 )

−10 10−9 + 20 10−9 + 20 10−9 − 10 10−9 √2

𝐸𝑦 =
4 ∗ (3,14)(8,85 ∗ 10−12 )(25 ∗ 10−4 )
 −10 10−9 + 20 10−9 + 20 10−9 − 10 10−9 √2
𝐸𝑦 =
4 ∗ (3,14)(8,85 ∗ 10−12 )(25 ∗ 10−4 )

20 10−9 √2 28,28 107

𝐸𝑦 = 𝐸𝑦 =
4 ∗ (3,14)(8,85 ∗ 10−12 )(25 ∗ 10−4 ) 2789,31

20 10−9 √2 𝐸𝑦 = 0,012 𝑁/𝐶

𝐸𝑦 =
2789,31 ∗ 10−16