Description

Types

Practical uses

Commercial specifications

Brand samples

FLOOR MATERIALS

1. TIMBER
a. Timber is known for its unique aesthetic as flooring. It is durable however unsuitable to
use in rooms exposed to humidity and exposure, treatment of the timber can make it
resistant to moisture.
b. TYPES:
i. HARDWOOD: Examples of hardwoods include the likes of mahogany, teak,
walnut, oak, ash, birch and maple
ii. SOLID: Each board is made from a single piece of wood, typically 18-20mm thick,
usually fitted using tongue-and-groove.
iii. ENGINEERED: Each board consists of three or four layers of laminated timber,
held together at right angles by glue to create a plank typically of around 14mm
thickness.
c. USES
i. They are resistant to liquid spills and dirt through wiping or brushing it away. In
addition, they are strong and durable, at the same time cost-effective.
d. BRAND SAMPLES
i. Bruce
ii. Carlisle
iii. Lumber Liquidators house brands
iv. Hearne hardwoods
v. The woods company
2. LAMINATE
a. It as a top layer that’s been finished and sealed mounted over layers of plywood or
compressed fiber giving you stable and durable slats.
b. TYPES
i. PLASTIC LAMINATE: laminate flooring is made of a thin and pressed wood board
resembling natural wood on the top. This is normally covered by a clear layer
that protects the image and below it is a separate underlayment.
ii. ENGINEERED WOOD LAMINATE: The engineered wood flooring is typically made
of superior quality plywood with a pre-finished fine hardwood veneer on top
c. USES
i. It is an ideal flooring for children’s room as its anti-static surface and the
seamless click system prevent dust and dirt from collecting on or between the
planks.
d. BRAND SAMPLES
 i. Pergo timber Craft
ii. Wetprotect Lamiate Flooring
iii. Mohawk Revwood Flooring
iv. Mannington Restoration collection
v. UNICA
vi. Hornitex Philippines Inc.
3. VINYL
a. Vinyl is known to be resilient flooring. Vinyl provides a flexible and cushioned floor
surface that is durable and maintenance-free.
b. TYPES
i. VINYL ROLLS: (also known as vinyl roll flooring or vinyl sheet flooring) may
require seams, depending on the configuration of the room. They can be
patterned, and some patterns are better than others at the hiding seams. Heat
welded vinyl sheet flooring is often used in healthcare facilities.
ii. VINYL BOARDS OR PLANKS: are typically manufactured to reproduce the
appearance of hardwood floors. They tend to be extremely rigid and durable,
although sharp, heavy objects may dent or puncture their surface.
iii. VINYL TILES: Vinyl tiles are commonly referred to as vinyl composition tiles (VCT)
or luxury vinyl tiles (LVT). VCT consists of a small amount of vinyl (roughly 8% to
12%) along with other materials such as limestone and clay. This produces a
porous surface which requires regular maintenance. LVT is made entirely from
vinyl and does not need to be sealed or maintained to preserve its appearance.
LVT is often used in educational facilities along with sheet vinyl and rubber
floors.
c. USES
i. It is an ideal flooring for kitchen and bathroom applications. Vinyl flooring is
water and stain resistant, versatile, and provides good durability for the cost.
d. BRAND SAMPLES
i. Shaw
ii. COREtec
iii. Mohawk
iv. Home Decorators collection
4. BAMBOO
a. This type of flooring material is an eco-friendly option for your home. It produces floor
with a very light wood color and has a comparable hardness to oak
b. TYPES
i. SOLID BAMBOO PLANKS: Solid bamboo planks can also be glued down over an
existing concrete floor. Installation of nail-down or glue-down bamboo planks is
usually handled by professionals.
ii. ENGINEERED BAMBOO: is manufactured with a surface veneer bonded to a
plywood or MDF core. These products always use the click-lock floating floor
installation method.
c. USES
 i. It is as durable as traditional flooring and can be easily clean with mop and other
cleaning materials.
d. BRAND SAMPLES
i. Lumber Liquidators
ii. Lowe’s and Home Depot
iii. Teragen
iv. Zhubamboo
v. solidwood
5. CORK
a. Cork is a water-resistant, renewable material that is suitable for a range of spaces,
including basement and bathroom installations. Cork can be clicked together in the
same way as laminates or can be glued. Cork floors are warm and flexible although they
can be damaged easily by sharp objects.
b. TYPES
i. CORK TILE FLOORING: require someone proficient in floor installation. The cork
tiles are attached to the sub-floor with glue and usually sealed with a special
sealant designed for cork flooring tiles.
ii. FLOATING CORK FLOORING: For the average do-it-yourself homeowner. These
planks can actually be installed over your old flooring, hence the term floating
floor. This type of cork floor is the best choice for the do-it-yourself homeowner
since they don’t require any glue, the cork planks simply snap together.
c. USES
i. It is an ideal flooring for offices, light commercial locations, and residences as it
can be used as an underlayment for hardwood, laminate and ceramic tiles to
reduce noise.
d. BRAND SAMPLES
i. Globus Cork
ii. Icork
iii. APC cork
iv. AmCork
6. TILE (PORCELAIN OR CERAMIC)
a. Porcelain tiles or ceramic tiles are porcelain or ceramic tiles commonly used
to cover floors and walls, with a water absorption rate of less than 0.5 percent.
The clay used to build porcelain tiles is generally denser. They can either be
glazed or unglazed.
b. Porcelain tiles are available in both glazed and unglazed varieties and are one of the
most durable tile choices. They are fired at very high temperatures making them harder
than other tile types.
c. Ceramic tile is manufactured from clay materials that are quarried, prepared, and then
formed into a mold. 
i. GLAZED CERAMIC TILES: they have a glass-like coating that can virtually
give the tile any texture or colour. One great thing about this type of tiles is
that they barely need any maintenance.
ii. QUARRY TILES: it is slightly more slip-resistant than glazed tile because of
its slightly rough texture.
 iii. TERRACOTTA: it is unglazed and comes only in earth tones. It is slightly less
durable than the other types of tile flooring and needs more maintenance.
d. USES
i. Porcelain tile is highly durable and resistant to wear and are known to last for
years.
ii. Ceramic tiles are usually used to decorate floors of one or more rooms, as well
as walls, and kitchen countertops.
e. BRAND SAMPLES
i. Wilcon
ii. FEA CERAMICS
iii. MARIWASA
7. TILE (NATURAL STONE)
a. roduced from natural materials that are quarried, slabbed, finished, and cut to size.
b. Floor tiles are made from many different types of stone including marble, travertine,
ledger, granite, slate, and limestone. Softer stone likes sandstone won’t resist moisture
as well as harder stone like granite or marble.
c. These are generally more expensive than porcelain or ceramic options, but can be more
aesthetically pleasing. They need to be properly sealed when installed, a process that will
need repeating occasionally to keep the tiles protected.
d. TYPES
i. GRANITE: is a type of igneous rock that is very dense and hard. Its distinctive
appearance is due to speckled minerals found within the rock, its unique veining,
and the thousands of available colors. Granite is nearly impervious and, once it is
polished, resists scratching. It is an excellent choice for flooring in kitchens and
high-traffic areas.
ii. MARBLE: Is a type of metamorphic rock that has rich veining and is available in
a variety of colors. Marble is more porous than granite and is not recommended
for kitchen flooring unless honed and then sealed on a regular basis.
iii. LIMESTONE: is a type of sedimentary rock that offers an earthy appearance in
both light and dark shades. The surface can be textured or polished smooth.
Limestone is less dense than granite and marble. It can be easily stained and is
also prone to scratching. It is not recommended for kitchen or high-traffic flooring
applications.
iv. SLATE: is a type of metamorphic rock that is extremely dense and very durable.
Slate is available in darker earthy tones. The surface of slate is naturally textured
unless a smooth, honed finish is achieved. Slate is an excellent choice for
kitchen and high-traffic area flooring.
e. USES
i. They are mostly used in kitchens, bathrooms, hallways, and for exterior pave
areas on both walls and floors. it is popularly known because they are robust,
practical, hygienic, that is ideal in modern lifestyle.
f. BRAND SAMPLES
i. MARIWASA
ii. Wilcon
8. CARPET
a. It comes in more colors and textures than any other potential choices and is woven from
a variety of materials. is a type of flooring made of an upper layer of pile attached to a
backing
b. TYPES OF CARPET FIBER
i. WOOL: Natural and made from woven construction, it offers a greater range of
designs, detail, and color than a traditional tufted carpet.
ii. NYLON: This versatile fiber offers plenty of variety in styles and construction:
frieze, textured, shag, loop cut loop (LCL) all can be made from nylon. It has
excellent soil resistance, colorfastness and resilience, which allows it to bounce
back, making it a suitable just about anywhere.
iii. POLYPROPYLENE: polypropylene is a solution-dyed synthetic that is both water-
and stain-resistant, making it a good choice for indoor/outdoor carpeting.
Because it is solution-dyed, it will not fade, making it good for rooms that get a
lot of light or traffic from the outside or from a cholorinated pool.
iv. POLYESTER: Polyester is noted for its soft hand, or texture, especially when used
in a luxurious thick pile. It is a good value choice, as its styling attributes are
competitive with nylon—it can be made into loop or cut loop, and it takes color
extremely well.
v. TRIEXTA: combines the performance characteristics of polyester and nylon:
durable, stain and soil resistant, easy to clean, colorfast, fade-resistant, and soft.
Its made from a polymer, 37 percent of which is created from corn, a renewable
resource.
c. USES
i. It is useful in insulating a person’s feet from cold floor, provide a place to sit on
the floor, and reduce sound cause by walking.
d. BRAND SAMPLES
i. Lowes
ii. Home Depot
iii. Menards
9. RUBBER
a. Rubber flooring is made from natural or synthetic materials. It exhibits characteristics of
elasticity or ‘bounce’. This also makes it suitable for dance floors, restaurants or other
high traffic areas where foot fatigue and slippage can occur.
b. TYPES
i. INTERLOCKING TILES: can be installed using a free lay method that does not
require adhesive. Instead, they lock together. While this is a somewhat
temporary method of installation, the tiles should not shift due to their locking
characteristics.
ii. SQUARE EDGE TILES: can be installed through the free lay method as well.
However, they typically require an adhesive for permanent installation. They are
cut with a sharp edge that is designed to create a virtually seamless finish from
one tile to the next.
 iii. ROLLS: are usually glued down in permanent installations. This type of
installation can be a large project and may be best handled by a flooring
professional.
c. USES
i. It is mostly used in exercise rooms for its features that absorbs noise and can
stand up to jumping and occasionally dropped weight.
d. BRAND SAMPLES
i. Carousell
ii. UNICA
iii.
10. POURED FLOORS (MASTIC ASPHALT AND POLYMERIC)
a. These are materials poured as liquids and spread out across surfaces to harden and
cure.
i. TYPES
1. MASTIC ASPHAULT: Mastic asphalt was introduced in the 1900s and
became widely used as a type of resilient flooring up until the 1950s. It
has experienced an increase in popularity due to useful characteristics
inherent in its composition, application and durability.
2. POLYMERIC: Polymeric floors are poured as liquids and spread out
across surfaces to harden and cure. This creates a finish without seams
and makes them particularly suitable for industrial or commercial
applications.
b. Mastic asphalt and polymeric floors are poured as liquids and spread out across surfaces
to harden and cure. This creates a finish without seams. While asphalt and polymer
flooring options are not especially common, they do have advantages in both
commercial (especially industrial) and domestic applications where water protection
and durability are high priorities.
c. USES
i. ` Mastic asphalt is used for covering terasses, carparks and pavements,
urban roads, public facilities, waterproofing engineering structures and
sound insulation.
ii. It can be used for surfaces besides plastics, such as wood, brick,
ceramics, metal, and concrete.
d. BRAND SAMPLES
i. Terrazzco
ii. Davies