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Jones (Editors)
© 2000 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISBN 1-85312-820-1
G.J. de Bidder
Division Structures and Buildings, MBB Consulting Engineers, PO Box
35660 Menlo Park 0102, South Africa
Abstract
A case study of the structural design for a new generation of indoor electrical
substation in South Africa is presented. New state-of-the-art switch gear has
recently been developed in South Africa, which substantially reduces the cost but
increases risk of explosive blast emanating from possible electrical faults in such
indoor high voltage stations. The paper describes the concept of a suitable
enclosing building structure and explains the analysis which is based on acoustic
energy theory and accepted practice of blast resistant design.
Structures under Shock & Impact VI, C.A. Brebbia & N. Jones (Editors)
© 2000 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISBN 1-85312-820-1
1 Introduction
2.2.1 Roof
The steel roof is of light weight steel construction, intended to blast off and
thus vent the explosion over pressure effectively. The roof girders are
connected with predetermined shear-off brackets and simple hinges to the
Structures under Shock & Impact VI, C.A. Brebbia & N. Jones (Editors)
© 2000 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISBN 1-85312-820-1
2.2.2 Walls
Structural design for the internal blast loading is based on the concrete cell
structure's dynamic response in the elasto-plastic realm of material
behavior, in other words the walls will withstand an explosion without
spalling or severe cracking. Slight cracking is expected.
Electric calculations^ * * predict that the energy release can build up over
10 milliseconds with duration of 1000 ms.
The rate of energy dissipation is therefore AE = 2.75x10^/0.01 =
275x10^ J/s^
This blast energy is released within a cell of dimensions 5.5m wide x 7.0m
high x 5m long.
The analysis is simplified by choosing the wall in the most critical, close
proximity to the arc center. The wall as indicated in Figure 1 is assumed
fully fixed at all boundaries (worst dynamic condition) with dimensions
5.0m x 4.0m high.
The adopted critical stand-off distance r = 3.0m. Although the fault arc
center can be as close as 0.75m from the nearest wall, it is reasoned that
such close proximity will result in high localized pressure but low overall
effect due to the obliquity of blast waves which yield low average reflected
pressures. A sensitivity study confirmed that the assumed distance of 3.0m
represents the worst condition.
Applying equation (1) yields :
(P-Po)shock =fl.4-Dx275x 10* = 20259 Pa
1.4 x 101325 x 4% x 3.0
A geometric factor of 2.0 is adopted, due to blast reflection off the nearby
opposite wall and floor.
Using the analogy of TNT chemical explosion wave dynamics, an
Structures under Shock & Impact VI, C.A. Brebbia & N. Jones (Editors)
© 2000 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISBN 1-85312-820-1
Shear stress and deflection values are not discussed, but are not critical.
3 Conclusion
References
[1] Schuld, H.L. & De Ridder G.J., High Voltage type indoor cellular
substations, Proc. of a seminar on Design and Planning of
Substations, eds. Laboratory for Advanced Engineering, University
of Pretoria, day 3, 31 July 1996
Structures under Shock & Impact VI, C.A. Brebbia & N. Jones (Editors)
© 2000 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISBN 1-85312-820-1
Acknowledgements
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