MODULE EXERCISE 11.

01 ds=vdt
COVERAGE: RECTILINEAR MOTION S t

1. STARTING FROM REST, A PARTICLE MOVING IN A

∫ ds=∫ ( 27−3 t 2 ) dt
0 0
STRAIGHT LINE HAS AN ACCELERATION OF a = (2t-6)
m/s2, WHERE t IS IN SECONDS. WHAT IS THE s=27 t−t 3
PARTICULE’S VELOCITY WHEN t= 6s AND WHAT IS ITS
POSITION WHEN t = 11 s? s=27(3)−(3)3
SOLUTION s=54 m
a=2 t−6
dv =adt
V t

∫ dv=∫ ( 2t −6 ) dt
0 0

v=t 2−6 t
ds=vdt
S t

∫ ds=∫ ( t2−6 ) dt
0 0

t3 2
s= −3 t
3
V t

∫ dv=∫ ( 2t −6 ) dt
0 0

When t=6 s :v =62−6 ( 6 )=0

113 2
When t=11 s :s= −3 ( 11 ) =80.7 m
3
2. A SPHERE IS FIRED DOWNWARDS INTO AMEDIUM
WITH AN INITIAL SPEED OF 27 m/s. IF IT
EXPERIENCES A DECELERATION OF a = (-6t) m/s2,
WHERE t IS IN SECONDS, DETERMINE THE DISTANCE
TRAVELED BEFORE IT STOPS.

SOLUTION

dv =adt
V t

∫ dv=∫ (−6 t ) dt
27 0

v=27−3 t 2
at v=0 ,

0=27−3t 2 ⟶ t=3 seconds

MODULE EXERCISE 11.02 rad
α =−2.068
COVERAGE: ROTATIONAL MOTION s2

1. LARGE FREIGHT TRAINS ACCELERATE VERY SLOWLY. NOTICE THAT THE ACCELERATION IS NEGATIVE. THIS
SUPPOSE ONE SUCH TRAIN ACCELERATES FROM MEANS THAT THE ACCELERATION POINT CLOCKWISE. IT
REST, GIVING ITS 0.350 M – RADIUS WHEELS AND MEANS THAT AN OBJECT’S ROTATION WILL SLOW, STOP,
ANGULAR ACCELERATION OF 0.250 RAD/S2. AFTER AND REVERSE DIRECTION
THE WHEELS HAVE MADE 200 REVOLUTIONS
(ASSUME NO SLIPPAGE). HOW FAR HAS THE TRAIN
MOVED DOWN THE TRACK?

SOLUTION

x=rθ
2π
(
x=0.350 200 rev x
1rev )
x=439.82m
2. INITIALLY, A BALL HAS AN ANGULAR VELOCITY OF 5.0
RAD/S COUNTERCLOCKWISE. SOMETIME LATER,
AFTER ROTATING THROUGH A TOTAL ANGLE OF 5.5
RADIANS, THE BALL HAS AN ANGULAR VELOCITY OF
1.5 RAD/S CLOCKWISE. WHAT IS THE ANGULAR
ACCELERATION?

SOLUTION

A WELL-LABELED SKETCH USUALLY HELPS MAKE THE

PROBLEM CLEARER

NOTE THAT I HAVE TAKEN COUNTERCLOCKWISE AS THE

POSITIVE DIRECTION AND THAT THE SIGNS ARE
EXPLICITLY STATED.

rad
ω 0=+5.0
s
rad
ω 1=−1.5
s
θ=+5.5 rad

ω 2f =ω 20+ 2αθ

(−1.5 )2= (5 )2+2 α ( 5.5 )

MODULE EXERCISE 11.03 ft
v x =80 cos 55 °=45.9
COVERAGE: CURVILINEAR MOTION
s
2 2
1. A GOLF BALL IS STRUCK WITH AVELOCITY OF 80 FT/S v B= √( 45.9 ) + (−49.4 )
AS SHOWN. DETERMINE THE SPEED AT WHICH IT
STRIKES THE GROUND AT B. ft
v B=67.4
s
2. THE BALL AT A IS KICKED SUCH THAT θA=30 °. IF IT
STRIKES THE GROUND AT B HAVING Y = 8 FT,
DETERMINE THE SPEED AT WHICH IT STRIKES THE
GROUND.

SOLUTION

1
s=v 0 t+ a t 2
2
1
¿ y−direction: y=v 0 y t− g t 2 SOLUTION
2
1 −9=−0.04 x 2
dsin 10° =( 80 sin ( 45 °+10 ° ) ) t− (32.2)t 2
2 x=15 ft
1 1
dsin 10° =( 80 sin ( 55 ° ) ) t− ( 32.2 ) t 2 ⟶ equation1 ¿ y−direction: y=v 0 y t− g t 2
2 2
For x−direction: x =v 0 x t 1
−9=v A sin 30 ° t− (32.2)t 2
2
d cos 10 °=( 80 sin ( 55 ° ) ) t ⟶ equation2
For x−direction: x =v 0 x t
FROM THE EQUATION 2

d cos 10 ° 15=v A cos 30 ° t

t=
80 cos 55 ° 15
t=
2 v A cos 30 °
dsin 10° =( 80 sin ( 55 ° ) ) ( 80d coscos1055°° )− 12 ( 32.2) ( 80d coscos1055°° ) 15 1 15 2

d=166.2 ft
−9=v A sin 30 ° ( )− (32.2)
v A cos 30° 2 (
v A cos 30 ° )
d cos 10 ° ft
t= =3.57 s v A =16.538
80 cos 55 ° s
For y −direction :vy =v 0 y −¿ 15
t= =1.047 s
16.538 cos 30°
ft
v y =80 sin 55°−32.2 ( 3.57 )=−49.4
s ft
v x =16.538 cos 30 °=14.322
s
For x−direction: v x =v 0 x
ft
v y =16.538 sin30 ° −32.2 ( 1.047 ) =−25.444
s
 2 2
v B= √( 14.322 ) + (−25.444 )
ft
v B=29.2
s

MODULE EXERCISE 11.05

COVERAGE: FORCE AND ACCELERATION

1. A SMALL INSPECTION CAR WITH A MASS OF 200 KG

2. A SMALL INSPECTION CAR WITH A MASS OF 200 KG
RUNS ALONG THE FIXED OVERHEAD CABLE AND IS
RUNS ALONG THE FIXED OVERHEAD CABLE AND IS
CONTROLLED BY THE ATTACHED CABLE AT A.
CONTROLLED BY THE ATTACHED CABLE AT A.
DETERMINE THE ACCELERATION OF THE CAR WHEN
DETERMINE THE ACCELERATION OF THE CAR WHEN
THE CONTROL CABLE IS HORIZONTAL AND UNDER A
THE CONTROL CABLE IS HORIZONTAL AND UNDER A
TENSION T = 24 KN.
TENSION T = 24 KN.
THE
THE

SOLUTION
THE FREE BODY DIAGRAM OF THE CAR AND WHEELS
TAKEN TOGETHER AND TREATED AS A PARTICLE
DISCLOSES THE 2.4 KN TENSION T, THE WEIGHT W = mg =
200(9.81) =1962 N AND THE FORCE P EXERTED ON THE
WHEEL ASSEMBLY BY THE CABLE.
THE CAR IS IN EQUILIBRIUM IN THE Y-DIRECTION SINCE
THERE IS NO ACCELERATION IN THIS DIRECTION.
SOLUTION
THE FREE BODY DIAGRAM OF THE CAR AND WHEELS
TAKEN TOGETHER AND TREATED AS A PARTICLE
DISCLOSES THE 2.4 KN TENSION T, THE WEIGHT W = mg =
200(9.81) =1962 N AND THE FORCE P EXERTED ON THE
WHEEL ASSEMBLY BY THE CABLE.
THE CAR IS IN EQUILIBRIUM IN THE Y-DIRECTION SINCE
THERE IS NO ACCELERATION IN THIS DIRECTION.

SUMMING FORCES ALONG Y,

SUMMING FORCES ALONG X,
∑ F y=ma y=0
∑ F x=ma x
P−2.4 ( 135 )−1962( 1213 )=0
2400 ( 1213 )−1962 ( 135 )=200 a
m P=2.73 kN
a=7.3
s2
 1 1
( 50 ) ( 4 2 )−151.9= (50 ) ( v 2 )2
2 2
m
v 2=3.15
s

2. THE CRATE, WHICH HAS A MASS OF 100 KG IS

SUBJECTED TO THE ACTION OF THE TWO FORCES. IF
MODULE EXERCISE 11.06 IT ORIGINALLY AT REST, DETERMINE THE DISTANCE
IT SLIDES IN ORDER TO ATTAIN A SPEED OF 6 M/S.
COVERAGE:WORK AND ENERGY
THE COEFFICIENT OF KINETIC FRICTION BETWEEN
1. CALCULATE THE VELOCITY V OF THE 50-KG CRAE THE CRATE AND THE SURFACE IS μk =0.2
WHEN IT REACHES THE BOTTOM OF THE CHUTE AT B
IF IT IS GIVEN AN INITIAL VELOCITY OF 4 M/S DOWN
THE CHUTE AT A. THE COEFFICIENT OF KINETIC
FRICTION IS 0.30

SOLUTION

SOLUTION

THE FREE BODY DIAGRAM OF THE CRATE IS DRAWN AND

INCLUDES THE NORMAL FORCE R AND THE KINETIC
FRICTION FORCE F CALCULATED IN THE USUAL MANNER.
THE WORK DONE BY THE WEIGHT IS POSITIVE, WHEREAS
THAT DONE BY THE FRICTION FORCE IS NEGATIVE. THE
TOTAL WORK DONE ON THE CRATE DURING THE
MOTION IS

U =F x
SINCE THE CRATE SLIDES, THE FRICTION FORCE
U 1−2=50( 9.81)¿
DEVELOPED BETWEEN THE CRATE AND ITS CONTACT
THE WORK-ENERGY EQUATION GIVES SURFACE IS

T 1+U 1−2 =T 2 F f =μ k ( N ) =0.2 N

1 1 ∑ F y =ma y
m v 21+ U 1−2= m v 22
2 2
 3 MODULE EXERCISE 11.07
N +1000 ()
5
−800 sin 30−100 ¿ ¿
COVERAGE:WORK AND ENERGY

N=781 N
THE HORIZONTAL COMPONENTS OF FORCE 800 N AND
1000 N WHICH ACT IN THE DIRECTION OF
DISPLACEMENT DO POSITIVE WORK, WHEREAS THE
FRICTION FORCE Ff=0.2(7.81) = 156.2 N DOES NEGATIVE
WORK SINCE IT ACTS IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION TO
THAT OF DISPLACEMENT. THE NORMAL REACTION N,
THE VERTICAL OMPONENT OF 800 N AND 1000 N FORCE
AND THE WEIGHT OF THE CRATE DO NOT DISPLACE,
HENCE THEY DO NO WORK. SINCE THE CRATE IS
ORIINALLY AT REST, T1 = 0

T 1+ ∑ U 1−U 2=T 2

4 1
0+ 800cos 30 ( s )+1000 ()
5
s−156.2 s= (100 ) ( 6 2 )
2
s=1.35m
3. ACCORDING TO THE GRAP SHOWING FORCE AND
DISPLACEMENT OF THE SLED BEING PULLED, WHAT
IS THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY EXPENDED IF THE
WORK WAS COMPLETED IN 10 SECONDS?

SOLUTION

TO FIND THE POWER, THE WORK DONE MUST BE

CALCULATED FIRST BY FINDING THE AREA UNDER THE
GRAPH

FROM 0.0 TO 10.0 METERS, 0.5(10)(20)=100 J

FROM 10.0 TO 30.0 METERS, (20)(20) = 400 J

FROM 30.0 TO 40.00 METERS, (20)(10) + 0.5(10)(50) =

200+250 =450 J

FROM 40.0 TO 60.0 METERS, (70)(20) = 1400 J

FROM 60.0 TO 80.0 METERS, (40)(20)+0.5 (20) (30) = 800

+300 = 1100 J

THE TOTAL AREA UNDER THE GRAPH IS 3450 J, SO THE

POWER DEVELOPED IN 10 SECONDS TO PULL THIS SLED
IS 3450/10 = 345 W
 P E−115 m=PT −115 m−PW −115 m=142.85 kPa
MODULE EXERCISE 22.01 P E−115 m=10 ( 19−9.81 ) +5 ( 22−9.81 )=142.85 kPa

COVERAGE: STRESSES IN SOIL: VERTICAL STRESS MODULE EXERCISE 22.02

1. FROM THE FIGURE BELOW. COVERAGE: STRESSES IN SOIL: DEGREE OF CONSOLIDATION

1. FROM THE FIGURE BELOW

DETERMINE THE DEGREE OPF CONSOLIDATION IF H = 12

M.

SOLUTION

u o−ut
U=
DETERMINE THE TOTAL STRESS AT THE BOTTOM OF uo
THE SEA.
10 ( 17 ) −12 ( 9.81 )
SOLUTION U= (100 )
10 (17 )
PT −SEABED =100 ( 9.81 )=981 kPa U =30.75 %
2. FROM THE FIGURE BELOW. 2. FROM THE FIGURE BELOW

IF THE DEGREE OF CONSOLIDATION IN THE MID HEIGHT

OF THE CLAY LAYER BECOMES 80 %, DETERMINE THE
VALUE OF H.

SOLUTION

0.20 ( 10 ) ( 17 )=9.81h
DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVE STRESS AT 115 M DEPTH. h=3.47 m
SOLUTION

PT −115 m=100 ( 9.81 ) +10 ( 18 ) +5 ( 22 )=1271 kPa

PW −115 m =115 ( 9.81 )=1128.15
MODULE EXERCISE 22.03 t 2=178.79 days
COVERAGE: STRESSES IN SOIL: TIME OF RATE OF 2. FROM THE GIVEN FIGURE, ROCK LAYER IS PLACED AT
CONSOLIDATION THE BOTTOM OF THE CLAY LAYER. WHEN THE VALUE
OF H = 10 M THE TIME RATE OF SETTLEMENT IS 60
1. FROM THE GIVEN FIGURE, ROCK LAYER IS PLACED AT
DAYS.
THE BOTTOM OF THE CLAY LAYER. WHEN THE VALUE
OF H = 10 M THE TIME RATE OF SETTLEMENT IS 60
DAYS.

DETERMINE THE COEFFICIENT OF CONSOLIDATION

IN M2/DAY.
DETERMINE THE TIME RATE OF SETTLEMENT IF H = 5 SOLUTION
M.
T v ( H dr ) 2
SOLUTION t=
Cv
uo −ut
U 1= 8 2
uo
60=
0.1405 ()
1
10 ( 17 )−10 ( 9.81 ) Cv
U 1= (100 )
10 (17 )
m2
U =42.29 % C v =0.15
day
MODULE EXERCISE 22.04
uo −ut COVERAGE: STRESSES IN SOIL: CAPILLARY RISE
U 2=
uo
1. THE WATER TABLE IN AN 8 M THICK SILTY SAND
10 ( 17 )−7 ( 9.81 ) DEPOSIT LIES AT A DEPTH 3 M BELOW THE GROUND
U 2= ( 100 ) LEVEL. THE ENTIRE SOIL ABOVE THE WATER TABLE IS
10 ( 17 )
SATURATED BY CAPILLARY WATER AND THE
U =71.15 % SATURATED UNIT WEIGHT IS 18.8 kN/m3.
DETERMINE THE PORE WATER PRESSURE AT THE
t1 t GROUND SURFACE.
= 2
TV 1 TV 2 SOLUTION

T v ( H dr )2 PW−GS =−3 ( 9.81 )=−29.43 kPa

This formula derive ¿ t=
Cv
2. THE WATER TABLE IN AN 8 M THICK SILTY SAND
direct formula as long the soil sample you are anlayzing DEPOSIT LIES AT A DEPTH 3 M BELOW THE GROUND
LEVEL. THE ENTIRE SOIL ABOVE THE WATER TABLE IS
is soil layer ¿ soil layer∨test sample ¿ test sample . SATURATED BY CAPILLARY WATER AND THE
SATURATED UNIT WEIGHT IS 18.8 kN/m3.
Any value of degree of consolidation is ok . DETERMINE THE PORE WATER PRESSURE AT THE
GROUND SURFACE.
60 t2
=
0.1405 0.4186 SOLUTION
PT −3 M =3 ( 18.8 )=56.4 kPa

PW −3 M =0

P E−3 M =P T−3 M −PW−3 M =56.4 kPa

MODULE EXERCISE 22.05 ∆e
0.50=
70.33+ 72
COVERAGE:PRIMARY CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT

1. FROM THE FIGURE BELOW.

log ( 70.33 )
∆ e=0.153
∆ e =e o−e p

0.153=0.65−e p

e p=0.947
3. FROM THE FIGURE BELOW.

DETERMINE THE OVERBURDEN PRESSURE IN kPa.

SOLUTION

pO =5 (19−9.81 ) +2(22−9.81)

pO =70.33 kPa
2. FROM THE FIGURE BELOW.
DETERMINE THE CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT IN
MM.

SOLUTION

Cc H p o+ ∆ p
S p= log ( )
1+e o po

0.50(4000) 70.33+72
S p=
1+0.65
log (
70.33 )
S p=371.10mm

DETERMINE THE VOID RATIO AFTER PRIMARY

CONSOLIDATION

SOLUTION

∆ p=4 ( 18 )=72 kPa

∆ e =e o−e f

∆e
C c=
p +∆ p
(
log o
po )
MODULE EXERCISE 22.06 800
∆ pt = =22.857 kPa
COVERAGE: CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT UNDER A ( 4+3)(2+3)
FOUNDATION 800
∆ pm = =11.228 kPa
1. FROM THE FIGURE BELOW (4 +5.5)(2+5.5)
800
∆ pb = =6.667 kPa
(4 +8)(2+8)
22.857+ 4 ( 11.228 )+ 6.667
∆ p=
6
∆ p=12.406 kPa
3. DETERMINE THE INDUCED STRESS DEVELOPED DUE
TO FOUNDATION LOAD.

DETERMINE THE EQUIVALENT AREA OF

FOUNDATION AT THE MID HEIGHT OF THE CLAY
LAYER IN SQUARE METERS.

SOLUTION

Am =( 2+5.5 ) ( 4+5.5 )

Am =71.25 m2
2. FROM THE FIGURE BELOW DETERMINE THE CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT IN
MM. USE THE MAXIMUM POSSIBLE VALUES OF THE
SWELL INDEX.

SOLUTION

po =5 ( 16 )+ 2.5(20−9.81)

po =105.475 kPa

C c =0.009(¿−10)

C c =0.009(70−10)
C c =0.54

1
C s= C c ;
5
DETERMINE THE INDUCED STRESS DEVELOPED (TO maximum valueof C s ∈terms of C c
THE CLAY LAYER) DUE TO FOUNDATION LOAD.
1
SOLUTION C s= (0.54)
5
 C s=0.108 Bq (1−μ2 )
Se = If
Es
pc
OCR=
po 2000(100)(1−0.65 2)
Se =
pc 19000
2=
105.475 Se =8.51 mm
pc =210.95 kPa 2. FROM THE FIGURE BELOW

po + ∆ p≠ pc

105.475+12.406≠210.95
117.881<210.95 case number 1

CsH p o+ ∆ p
S p=
1+e o
log( po )
0.108(5000) 117.881
S p=
1+1.5
log (
105.475 )
S p=10.43mm
DETERMINE THE CHANGED IN VOID RATIO. (ASSUME
MODULE EXERCISE 22.07 THE LARGEST POSSIBLE VALUE OF CS BASED ON THE
VALUE OF CC)
COVERAGE: CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT UNDER A
FOUNDATION SOLUTION

1. FROM THE FIGURE BELOW 800

∆ pt = =22.857 kPa
( 4+3)(2+3)
800
∆ pm = =11.228 kPa
(4 +5.5)(2+5.5)
800
∆ pb = =6.667 kPa
(4 +8)(2+8)
22.857+ 4 ( 11.228 )+ 6.667
∆ p=
6
∆ p=12.406 kPa
po =5 ( 16 )+ 2.5 (20−9.81 ) p o=105.475 kPa

C c =0.009(¿−10)

DETERMINE THE IMMEDIATE SETTLEMENT IN MM. C c =0.009(70−10)

SOLUTION C c =0.54
800 1
q= =100 kPa C s= C c ;
(2)(4 ) 5
maximum valueof C s ∈terms of C c e p=1.498

1 Cα H T2
C s= (0.54)
5 Ss =
1+ e p ( )
log
T1
C s=0.108
0.010(5000) 5
Ss =
1+1.4948
log ()
2
∆e Ss =7.98 mm
C c= ; this formulais valid only for NC
p o +∆ p
log
( po )
∆e
C S= ; this formulais valid only for OC case1
po + ∆ p
log
( po )
∆e
0.108=
117.881
log (
105.475 )
∆ e=0.0052
3. FROM THE FIGURE BELOW

DETERMINE THE SECONDARY CONSOLIDATION

SETTLEMENT AFTER 5 YEARS IF THE TIME REQUIRED
FOR PRIMARY CONSOLIDATION IS 2 YEARS Ca=0.010

SOLUTION

C α =0.010

T 1=2 yrs

T 2=5 yrs

e p=eo −∆ e

e p=1.50−0.0052
MODULE EXERCISE 22.08 SOLUTION

COVERAGE: TOTAL SETTLEMENT P

200=
1. A RECTANGULAR FOOTING 1 M X 2 M SHOWN IN ( 2) ( 1)
THE FIGURE:
P=400 kN
3. A RECTANGULAR FOOTING 1 M X 2 M SHOWN IN
THE FIGURE:

DETERMNE THE ELASTIC SETTLEMENT IN MM

SOLUTION
DETERMNE THE CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT IN
Bq (1−μ2 )
Se = If MM
Es
SOLUTION
1000(200)(1−0.30 2)(1.2)
Se = po =3 (16 )+ 1 ( 18−9.81 ) +1.5(16−9.81)
19000
Se =21.84 mm po =65.475 kPa

2. A RECTANGULAR FOOTING 1 M X 2 M SHOWN IN 400

∆ p= =11.19 kPa
THE FIGURE: ( 2+ 4.5 ) (1+ 4.5 )

Cc H p o+ ∆ p
S p=
1+e o
log (
po )
0.32(3000) 65.475+11.19
S B=
1+ 0.80
log (65.475 )
S B=36.545 mm

4. A RECTANGULAR FOOTING 1 M X 2 M SHOWN IN

THE FIGURE:

DETERME THE VALU OF PP IN KN

 DETERMNE THE CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT IN
MM

SOLUTION

e p=eo −∆ e

po + ∆ p
e p=0.80−Cc log ( po )
e p=0.80−0.32 log ( 65.475+11.19
65.475 )
e p=0.778

Cα H T2
Ss =
1+ e p ( )
log
T1

0.020(3000) 5
Ss =
1+0.778
log
3 ()
Ss =7.49 mm