sf]la8–!

( dfxfdf/Ldf kz'lrlsT;fsdL{ s;/L ;'/lIft /xg]

8f=s]bf/ sfsL{
;]jflgj[t jl/i7 kz'lrlsT;s

ljZjJofkL sf]la8–!( dxfdf/L xfn;fn} kQf nfu]sf] cf/=Pg=P=gf]a]n sf]/f]gf

efO/;sf] ;+s|d0fsf sf/0f x'G5 . h'g clxn] klg ltj| ultdf dflg;af6 dflg;df
km}nL /fv]sf] 5. o; efO/;sf] &% b]lv *) k|ltzt lhgf]d;f;{ efO/;sf]
lhgf]d;Fu ldNbf] h'Nbf] / o;sf] h:t} nIf0f pTkGg u/fp5 h;sf sf/0f o;
efO/;nfO{ ;f;{ sf]/f]gf efO/;–@ klg elgG5 .

dflg;df /f]usf] nIf0f M

sf]lj8–!( /f]usf] sf/0f dflg;x?df :jf; gnLdf ;+s|d0f ePdf Hj/f] cfpg], vf]sL
nfUg], 3f6Ldf v; v; x'g] 6fpsf] b'Vg] ;fdfGo nIf0f b]lvG5 . o;kl5
/f]uLnfO{ ;f; lng ufxf|] of ltj| ultdf ;f; rNg] ,vf]sL nfUg] h:tf nIf0f
b]lvG5 . h'g k|fo h;f] s]6f s]6Lx?df a9L b]lvG5 . t/ k|f}9x?df eg] w]/}
h;f]df Hj/f] cfpg] / ;f; ;DjGwL nIf0f dfq b]lvG5 . olb of] l:ytL s]6fs]6Ldf
eof] eg] tLgnfO{ vf]sL nfUg], cfdfsf] b'w r':g tyf k]o kbf{y lkpg c;d{y
x'g] ,zf/Ll/s ysfO{ lzlyntf tyf tLa| :jf;sf] utL h:tf nIf0fx? b]lvG5 . /f]uLsf]
zf/Ll/s l:ytL c´ ulDe/ ePdf Pso'6 /]:kfo/]6/L l8:6]«; l;G8«f]d x'g hfG5
./f]uLsf] :yLtL lau|]df p;sf] z/L/sf] cGo c+ux? k|efljt x'g yfNb5 . Jo:sx?df
dfg;Ls l:y/tf e+u x'g' ,;f; km]g{ ufxf]| x'g' , d'q la;{hgdf sdL ,t]h x[bo utL
of Go'g /Qmrfk OToflb ;DdLnLt 5g\ . To;}u/L s]6fs]6Lx?df tfkdfg tyf
:j]t /Qmsf] sl0fsfx?sf] ;+Vofdf c;dfGtf b]lvG5 . cToflws u+eL/ cj:yfsf]
a]nf jo:sx? pRr /Qmrfk alg /lx /xg' ,tyf s]6fs]6Lx?df dfg;Ls ed| tyf
pRr /Qmrfksf] nIf0f b]lvG5 .
/f]uaf6 arfp M
sf]jL8 !( sf] ;+s|d0fsf sf/0f dfgL;df tLj| ultdf ;+sd0f x'G5 t/ tYofË cg';f/
d[To' b/ eg] sd x'G5 elgG5 t/ o;k6ssf] dxfdf/Lsf] k|s[tL x]bf{ eg] ,lrlsT;f
lj¡ffg eg] h:tf] 6]:6 a's 6]N; nfO{ [text books tells lie] xf]nf h:tf] 5 . s'g}
klg JoQmLn] o; dxfdf/LnfO xNsf ?kdf lng' x'b}g lglt lgdf{tf Pj+
lgodgsf/L lgsfon] klg c´ ;]jf k|jfxL lgsfosf] e'dLsf dxTjk"0f{ x'g hfG5 .
lsgeg] ljZjdf sf]jL8 !(sf] eO /x]sf] kl/If0fdf cnfIfl0fo lj/fdLx?sf] cg'kft
w]/} ;+Vofdf kfOPsf] 5 . o:tf AoQmL w]/} h;f] k|f}9x? b]lvPsf 5g o;
/f]usf] ;+s|d0faf6 aRgsf nfuL km]; dfS; nufpg'sf ;fy} Ps csf{ af6 @ ld6/
6f9f , k6s k6s sDtLdf @) ;]s]G8;Dd xftx? ;fj'g kfgLn] w'g] ,cfjZos k/]df
xftx?df kGhf nufpg] eL8ef8 x'g] 7f+pdf hfgaf6 aRg] , ckmjfx? tL/ Wofg
glbg] OToflbaf6 arfp ;+ej 5 .
kz'x?df sf]lj8 !(
xfnsf] l8;]Dj/ @)!( sf] cGtdf dflg;x?nfO{ k|efjLt ug]{ o; /f]un] kz'x? vf;
ul/ s's'/, la/fnf], af3x?nfO{ ;+s|ldt u/fPsf] s]lx k|df0f cjZo kfOPsf] 5 . t/
clxn] ;Dd kz'x?af6 dflg;x?df km}lnPsf] s'g} k|df0f e]l6Psf] 5}g . t/ kz'x?
df cGo w]/} lsl;dsf sf]/f]gf efO/; cjZo 5g\ h'g ;lhn} kz'x? tyf dflg;x?nfO{
k|efljt ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . To;}n] of] Wofg lbg of]Uo s'/f 5 ls sf]lj8–!( ;+s|
ldt /f]uLx?n] kz'x?sf] ;+Dks{df cfpgaf6 aRg' k5{ . cGoyf o; efO/;n]
kz'x?df k|j]z k|f+t cfg'jf+zLs kl/jt{g eO{ uDeL/ pke]b pTkGg x'g] ;
+efjgfnfO{ gsf{g ;lsGg .
kz' :jfYosdL{x?sf] kz' ;]jf M
kz'x?df sf]/f]gf efO/;sf] ;+s|d0f P+jd\ o; dxfdf/Lsf] a]nf kz'kfnsx?
nfO{ x'g ;Sg] ;d:ofx?nfO{ sd ug{sf nflu kz' :jfYosdL{x?sf] ljz]if
e'ldsf /x]sf] 5 . h'g ljZjJofkL dfxfdf/L sfndf klg a]h'jfg kz'x?sf] ;]jf u/]/
kz'kfnsx?nfO{ k"0f{ ;xof]u ub{5g\ . a]zs clxn] ;Dd s'g} klg kz'
:jfYosdL{x?nfO{ o; /f]usf] ;+s|d0f ePsf] l/kf]{6 e]l6Psf] t 5}g t/ plrt
arfpsf pkfo cjnDjgdf x]nr]s|ofO{ gubf{ g} a]; .

kz' :jfYosdL{x?sf] kz'kfns k|]d M

o; sl7g a]nfdf klg kz'kfnsx?sf] ;]jfsf nflu tLgsf] kz'wg pTkfbgx?nfO{ k|
f]T;flxt ul/ /fv]sf 5g\ . xfnfsL u|fdL0f If]qdf kz'x?sf nflu xl/of] 3f;
cfxf/fsf] b'Mv k/]sf] 5}g t/ bfgf ld>0fsf] nflu pgLx?nfO{ ahf/df e/kg'{]
x'G5 hxfF tLgnfO{ ;lhn};Fu sf]lj8–!(sf] ;+s|d0f x'g] vqf 5 / tLgsf] ;
+ks{df cfpgn] kz':jfYosdL{nfO{ klg o; /f]usf] rk]6fdf cfpg ;Sg] hf]lvd
5 . To;}n] kz'kfnsx?n] klg h'g a]nf klg 3/ aflx/ lg:sg' k/]df km]; dfS;
nufpg' kg]{ x'G5 ahf/df lsgd]n ubf{ Ps csf{ af6 @ ld6/ 6f9f a:g] laleGg
;txx? 5'gaf6 aRg] a]nf a]nfdf cfKfmgf] xftx? ;fa'g kfgLn] w'g] tyf xftx?
df x}08 ;]lg6fOh/ nufpb} /xg] ,Ps csf{sf] xft ldnfP/ clejfbg ug'{so] ;f6f]
b'O{ xft hf]8]/ k|0ffd ug]{ jf xft p7fP/ clejfbg ug]{ . o;} ul/
kz':jfYosdL{n] klg dfyL pNn]lvt s'/fx? cg'z/0f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . of] tYo 5
ls ælxhf] lhpbf] lyof}F To;}n] t cfh 5} ,cfh eP kf] ef]ln /xf}nf gq ef]ln
s:n] b]Vof] ls afFrL /xf}FnfÆ .

kz':jfYosdL{x?sf] sf]lj8–!( dfxfdf/L ljkb k|jGwg M

obokL a]nf a]nfdf ljefuLo k|lzIf0fx?sf] dfWoaf6 kz':jfYosdL{x?
nfO{ ljleGg k|sf/so ;+s|fds /f]ux?af6 aRg ljkb Joj:yfkgsf] k|lzIf0f lbOg]
ul/G5 . t/ klg sf]lj8