UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI

HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK

COMPENDIUM OF ACTIVITIES

In partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the Capstone Project
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)
2nd Semester Academic Year 2018-2019

WARRY R. BONIFACIO JR
ALLEN G. DIZON
EO P. INFANTE
EZEKIEL M. LELIS
SAMANTHA NICOLE S. LOPEZ

March 2019
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
ii
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK

Acknowledgment

The researcher would like to express their special thank of gratitude to

their parents who helped and support them financially as well as to their

professor Mary Ann Fraga to do this wonderful project on the topic Capstone

Project which also helped them in doing a lot of research and time to learn

about many new things. They are really thankful to them for they provided

financial support and they guided them throughout this project.

Secondly, the researcher would also like to thank their friend who helped

them a lot in finalizing their project within the limited time frame.
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page i

Acknowledgement ii

Table of Contents iii

List of Figures vi

List of Tables vi

List of Appendices vii

EXPERIMENT PAGE

1. BIOLOGY: OLD TO NEW PAPER TRANSFORMATION

Abstract 2

Introduction 3

Methods 3

Results 4

Discussions 4

2. CHEMISTRY: WATER RAINBOW STAIRS

Abstract 7

Introduction 8

Methods 8

Results 9

Discussions 10
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
iv
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK

3. PHYSICS: ENERGY OCCUR IN SEESAW CANDLE

MAGIC TRICK

Abstract 13

Introduction 14

Methods 14

Results 15

Discussions 16

4. DRRR: VORTEX VALVE TORNADO TUBE IN A

PLASTIC BOTTLE

Abstract 18

Introduction 19

Methods 19

Results 20

Discussions 21

5. CALCULUS: MAGIC MATH: YOU CAN'T HIDE ANY

SECRET NUMBER

Abstract 24

Introduction 25

Methods 25

Results 26

Discussions 26
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK v

6 OREGANO (Origanum vulgare) AS AN ACTIVE

INGREDIENT IN MOSQUITO COIL

Abstract 28

Introduction 28

Methods 37

Results 39

Discussions 39

REFERENCE LIST
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
vii
vi
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK

LIST OF FIGURES

Number Title Page

1 Old to New Paper Transformation 4

2 Water Rainbow Stair 10

3 Energy Occur in Seesaw Candle Magic Trick 16

4 Vortex Valve Tornado Tube in a Plastic Bottle 21

5 Research Paradigm 36

LIST OF TABLES

Number Title Page

1 Demographic Profile 39

2 Evaluation of Mosquito Coil 40

3 Recommendation 47

LIST OF APPENDICES
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK

Title Page

A. Game Features 51

B. Game Mechanics 52

C. Pictures 53

D. Bionote 57
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 1

LABORATORY ACTIVITY 1: (GENERAL BIOLOGY)

OLD TO NEW PAPER TRANSFORMATION

 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 2

Abstract

The experiment show if a used paper can reproduce into a new paper by the

used of blender, water, insect screen, sponge, and cutter. The old paper was

tear into small pieces and mixed with water. After that, the paper mixed with

water and blended into small piece, and poured into a flat form with screen.

The mixed paper were spread to maximize the space. The sponge was used

to remove the excess water and let it exposed to sunlight until it was dry. In

terms of in demand products that many people use, this recycled paper can

use to many purposes just like a normal paper. The researchers do this

experiment to determine if a used paper can turn into a new paper. The color

of the paper produced by the method was the same as the used paper. The

outcome of this experiment have important implications for human

consumption of papers that can help the environment to lessen the use of new

papers and to save the trees, and help the society to learn how to recycle their

waste papers.
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 3

Introduction

The recycling of paper is the process by which waste paper is turned

into new paper products. It has a number of important benefits besides saving

trees from being cut down. It is less energy and water intensive than paper

made from wood pulp (Mc Kinley R, 2003). It saves waste paper from

occupying landfill and producing methane as it breaks down. The materials

used in this experiment is used papers commonly newspapers and old books,

blender, it is use to mix the paper with the water to make a paper pulp, water

insect screen it is use to flatten the paper pulp, and the sponge it absorbs the

excess water in the paper pulp and the cutter is use to even out the paper

pulp. The purpose of the experiment was to produce recycled paper using

used papers and to lessen.

Methods

The materials that are used are 43 pages of used books, a 750ml

blender, 2 glasses of water, and 11 x 8.5 in. of insect screen, a kitchen sponge

and a small cutter. In this experiment, the used papers (about 45 pages) are

already teared into small pieces and directly put it into the 750ml blender with

a 2 glasses of water to make sure that the teared papers with water are mixed

well. After that, the mixed materials are placed into an insect screen to easily

drain the water. Then, spread it to maximize the space and used a sponge to
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 4

remove excess water. Let it exposed under the sun and wait until it dries. After

the drying process you have now a recycled paper.

Result

The researchers created a paper that is much thicker than ordinary

paper. It involves mixing used/old paper with water and chemicals to break it

down. In this experiment, the water will help the paper to be much softer so

that it can make a new product. The researchers used a tile for supporting the

recycled paper to make it square. As shown in figure 1, this was what the

mixture appeared after it is putted in a tile.

Figure 1. A photo of the mixture in a tile.

Discussion

Since there are many papers that are used and ready to dispose. This

experiment shows that using old papers can create or make a new one. The
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 5

success of the experiment gives an idea on how to be resourceful and

creative. The experiment serves as an encouraging tool for the other people to

think before they decide. There are many things in the environment that can

be used to create any new thing. The experiment shows that the risk of cutting

trees to produce papers can be lessen. Instead of burning papers be creative

and use it to create a new one. There is another new found solution on how to

lessen the risk of global warming, just be discipline and resourceful. In

conclusion, this experiment is all about recycling a paper which indeed a

practice that everyone must and know to help the environment. The

researchers believe that this experiment can help save more trees. As paper is

required and used for anything and everything one can think of. Paper

satisfies many important human needs. In fact, it is an integral part of

everyday life. Though recycling practices could be time consuming still, it

helps you to be more productive and fulfilled afterwards. The average

individual should try to participate in their municipal recycling program. Avoid

putting the used papers in waste instead recycle it and use it for another

purpose. You can help not only the environment but also the people that might

use the recycled paper. Lastly, it needs to be prioritized for the betterment of

the environment.
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 6

LABORATORY ACTIVITY 2: (GENERAL CHEMISTRY)

WATER RAINBOW STAIRS

 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 7

Abstract

The experiment demonstrate how the atmospheric pressure and gravity can

act at the same time by making a model of it using rubber tube and syringe

instead of using a piece of fabric, jenga hardwood blocks, food coloring, and

empty containers. In terms of chemistry, the rainbow stair is process when the

atmospheric pressure and gravity act at the same time. The empty containers

were put above the stairs made of jenga blocks, used to hold the waters that

will present the process of rainbow stairs, the container in the highest part of

the stair was filled with water and the others filled with different colors of

coloring food. The rubber tube was used to connect each container. The

syringe is used to suction the rubber tube to start the water flow. When the

syringe started to suction the rubber tube on the highest container wherein the

water filled the water will start to flow stair by stair and fill the other containers

that are filled with coloring food. This is how rainbow stairs performed.

Through this experiment, the researchers were able to show the rainbow stairs

in containers formed like a stair

 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 8

INTRODUCTION

Walking water rainbow is an experiment using water and food coloring

to appear the band of colors in every cup. In this experiment, commonly use to

transfer water is using a piece of fabric. Using a piece of fabric to transfer

water into other cup is taking time to transfer the water. However, making a

stair figure will make the water easily transfer to the other container. Since

fabric is too slow to transfer water, using a rubber tube will make the water

flow fast. However, rubber tube will not transfer the water into the other

container but because of using syringe/suction tube will make the water flow in

the rubber tube. The purpose of this experiment is to show how the

atmospheric pressure and gravity works together.

METHODS

Rainbow stairs materials was presented using three pieces of eight in.

rubber tube, one liter of water, 1.5 grams of different colors of food coloring, 20

cc disposable syringe without needle, 48 Jenga hardwood blocks and four

pieces of 250 ml plastic container. In this experiment, jenga hard wood blocks
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 9

were formed into a three step stair. In first step, 8 pieces of jenga was used. In

second step, 16 pieces of jenga was used. In the last step, 24 jenga was

used. Put the 250 ml plastic container above the jenga hardwood blocks. Put

the food coloring in every container (1.5 grams in every container except the

top container). Place the rubber tubes from third step to second step, then

from second step to first step and lastly from first step to the base. Pour the

water to the top container. Put the syringe at the end of the rubber tube and

pull the plunger to sip the water and quickly remove the syringe. Let the water

flow until it reaches the half of the container and do the same steps to sip the

water to the other until it reach the last container. Don’t forget to pour water at

the top container if the water reaches the half of the container. After it, you

have now a rainbow stair.

RESULTS

The researcher found out that the lighter color transform when it is

mixed with darker color. In this experiment, the colored water when it mixed it

with another colored water which is much darker it will make changed its color.

It results by mixing of two colors and create a new color. As shown below in

this figure 1, this is the mixture of colored water with another colored water

which has a darker color and make it to a new color. As the water goes down it

continue to mix with the other colored water to create mixtures of colors.
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 10

Figure 2. A photo of a changing of colors in every level of container.

DISCUSSIONS

The researcher just made their own rainbow. The explanation behind

that experiment is a rainbow is an optical phenomenon that appears as a band

of colors in an arc, resulting from the refraction of the sun's light rays by the

rain. When the sun shines on the droplets of water in the atmosphere, a

rainbow, as people see it, is formed. A rainbow displays the colors red, orange,

yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet in respective order. Its formation can be

caused by other things as well just like mist, dew and spray. To explain it

further, when light strikes the surface of a water drop, it changes speed thus

causing it to bend. It is refracted as it enters the water and then refracts again

as it leaves the droplet. The outcome is light being reflected in varying angles,

creating a rainbow. Light travels in varying waves where the length of each

would depend upon the color. When light retracts, the different colors refract

and bend in different amounts as well. This is the reason why we see different
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 11

colors in a spectrum when there is a rainbow. This section analyses the results

of the experiment. The experiment went as expected with no unusual error. A

discovery was found that we can make our own rainbow. To sum it up, the

experiment succeeded in showing that atmospheric pressure and gravity can

act at the same time. Instead of using a piece of fabric for the water to flow,

the material that is used is rubber tube and syringe. Somehow, there is

already an experiment showing atmospheric pressure and gravity can act at

the same time, the experiment was the same and as expected.
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 12

LABORATORY ACTIVITY 3: (GENERAL PHYSICS)

ENERGY OCCUR IN SEESAW

CANDLE MAGIC TRICK

 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 13

Abstract

This experiment determines how swings move by making a model of it using

candle, stick, knitting needle, drinking glasses, lighter and cutter. In terms of

physics, swings move or work by converting potential energy into kinetic

energy, then kinetic energy back into potential energy, over and over again.

The kinetic energy is the fast part of swinging; it’s the speed you have as you

rush back and forth. The cutter was used to cut off the candle on both sides so

that it got to the wick. The knitting needle is used to create a small hole in the

middle of the lying candle. The stick is used to stretch out the candle on two

glasses. The match stick is used to light up both wicks. When you light up both

wicks the candle start to swing. When a drop of wax falls down on one side,

the candle loses its balance and preponderates to the other side. There the

flame grazes the candle, so that a drop of wax falls down also on this side.

Candle loses its balance again and preponderates back again. The candle

swings until it runs short. Through this experiment, the researchers were able

to show the movement of a swing by using a candle. The outcome of this

experiment revealed how the swing moves.

 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 14

INTRODUCTION

Candle seesaw is an experiment using candle, small plastic cup and

straw to appear how swing works. Using this past experiment, there is a

representation of seesaw but it swings 360 degrees. Seesaw is a playground

toy moves up and down with some help from the pushing force of little legs.

Candle seesaw is the best experiment to represent the seesaw. Candle

seesaw uses candle, 2 equal size of drinking glass and a knitting needle. It

shows a continuous swing when wax drops down on each side that leads to

changing mass of the candle. It loses balance on each side where wax drops

that causes the candle to swing like a seesaw. It shows two concept of physics

the 2 kinds of energy (potential and kinetic) and the Newton's Third Law of

motion.

METHODS

The materials used in this experiment are 165 cm stick, 180 cm candle,

knitting needle, 2 drinking glasses, lighter, and cutter. It is constructed by cut

off an ordinary candle on both sides so that it get to the wick (in this

experiment 180 cm candle was used). Stick a heated knitting needle in the

middle of the length of the candle. Put the candle horizontal and put ends of a

165cm stick which stretch out of the candle on two glasses. First, lighten up

any of the two sides. After a second, lighten the other side and observe that
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 15

the candle starts to swing. When a drop of wax falls down on one side, the

candle loses its balance again and preponderates back again. So the candle

swings until it runs short

RESULTS

The researchers found out that when the candle is lighted at both ends,

the end tilting downward will burn wax away more rapidly and become lighter.

When it tilts up, the other end will be down, and it will burn wax away more

rapidly. As this process continues to reserve, the candle will rock back and

forth, often quite vigorously. In this experiment, when a drop of wax falls down

on one side, the candle loses its balance and preponderates to the other side.

It causes to move to move like it swings. As shown below in the figure 1, there

the flame grazes the candle, so that a drop of wax falls down also on this side.

Candle loses its balance again and preponderates back again. So the candle

swings until it runs short. The candle will stop it swing when the candle

reaches its smallest size. It will be balanced again and no movement

happened.
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 16

Figure 3. A photo of the Candle Seesaw swing.

DISCUSSIONS

This experiment shows the connection of the two types of energy;

potential energy and kinetic energy. In the experiment the potential energy

occurs when the candle is not lighted because it has no motion when the

candle starts to light up the kinetic energy will occur, the wax of the candle will

get burn and the weight of the both sides of the candle will never be equal that

results the candle will continue to swing until the candle is melted. And it

teaches how combustion and Newton's Third Law of Motion work. A candle,

balanced between a pair of glasses, rocks or seesaws up and down on its

own. The motion continues as long as the candle continues to burn. If one side

of the candle starts out heavier than the other, the motion of the candle will act

to equalize the mass on either side of the pivot point. So this experiment

shows all about using a candle that is set in the middle of the two glasses and

set fire both end of the candle. The objective of this experiment was to show

that the candle will continue to swing because the melting was not balance.
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 17

The result showed that the candle will only stop in swinging when it reaches

the middle of the candle.

LABORATORY ACTIVITY 4: (DRRR)

VORTEX VALVE TORNADO TUBE

IN A PLASTIC BOTTLE
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 18

Abstract

This experiment determines how tornado form by making a model of it using

bottles, glitter, dishwashing liquid and water. In terms of natural disaster, a

tornado is a rapidly rotating column of air that is in contact with both the

surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a

cumulus cloud. The researchers performed this experiment to determine the

how a tornado moves. This experiment tornado tube allowing for control of the

velocities, flow, and pressure differentials otherwise present in a free vortex

like that found in a tornado is disclosed. The presently disclosed vortex tube

may be used for the control and implementation of the otherwise chaotic

aspects of a true tornado and vortex (i.e., with less energy and a narrowed

and more focused and intense vortex) when implementing the critical flow

regime in a fluid flow system. The outcome of this experiment shows the

movement of a tornado in a very short distance.

 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 19

INTRODUCTION

Vortex Valve Tornado Tube in a plastic bottle is an experiment to

represent the tornado. By using water bottles, water, dishwashing liquid soap

and a glitters, we can create a tornado. Tornado is a rapidly rotating column of

air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus

cloud. (Merriam Webster, 2012) When you spin the bottle in a circular motion,

you create a water vortex that looks like a mini tornado. The water spins

around the center of the vortex very quickly because of the centripetal force.

This fancy term means that an inward force is directing the water towards the

center of its circular path. Tornadoes and hurricanes are both examples of

vortexes that we see in nature.

METHODS
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 20

The materials used in this experiment are 2 pieces of 1.5 L bottle,

glitter, dishwashing liquid, water. In this experiment first fill the plastic bottle

with water until it reaches around three quarters full. Add a few drops of

dishwashing liquid. Sprinkle in a few pinches of glitter (this will make my

tornado easier to see). Put the cap on tightly. Turn the bottle upside down and

hold it by the neck. Quickly spin the bottle in a circular motion for a few

seconds, stop and look inside to see if you can see a mini tornado forming in

the water.

RESULTS

The researchers found out that it would not take long to form a tornado

in a water bottle. In this experiment, it shows how the tornado form and

circulate. As shown below in Figure 1, this is how it looks when it is not

shaken. When you started to shake the bottle, it will form now a tornado inside

of the bottle as shown below in Figure 2. One interesting finding is that if you

shake again the bottle, you will get a larger tornado. This experiment shows

how tornado is destructive, and just like typhoons or landslide, one has to be

aware and discover how to deal with the disasters before they happen.
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 21

Figure 4.1.A photo of the bottle that is not yet shaken.

Figure 4.2. A photo of the bottle that is already shaken.

DISCUSSIONS

When the water is not rotating, surface tension creates a skin-like layer

of water across the small hole in the center of the connector. If the top bottle is

full, the water can push out a bulge in this surface to form a bulbous drop,

which then drips into the lower bottle. As water drops into the lower bottle, the

pressure in the lower bottle builds until air bubbles are forced into the upper

bottle. The pressure that the water exerts on the surface in the connector

decreases as the water level in the upper bottle drops. When the water level
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 22

and pressure drop low enough, the water surface can hold back the water and

stop the flow completely. If the bottle was spin around a few times, the water in

the upper bottle starts rotating. As the water drains into the lower bottle, a

vortex forms. The water is pulled down and forced toward the drain hole in the

center by gravity. If we ignore the small friction forces, the angular momentum

of the water stays the same as it moves inward. This means that the speed of

the water around the center increases as it approaches the center of the

bottle. This experiment Tornadoes are fast, violent swirling winds. In this

experiment, the spinning of the bottles caused the water to take the shape of a

tornado. The hole in the bottle allowed for the appearance of the tornado's tail

- the most dangerous part of the tornado.

 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 23

LABORATORY ACTIVITY 5: (PRE & BASIC CALCULUS)

MAGIC MATH: YOU CAN'T HIDE ANY SECRET NUMBER

 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 24

Abstract

This trick magic math showing some lessons in basic calculus subject when it

comes in rules and addition. When all the first numbers in every card that the

guest chosen were added you will get the number that the guest were secretly

chosen. In doing this trick there is a rule that need to be followed, the numbers

must be in its designated card. The numbers in a one card can be rambled in

arrangement or can rearranged but it can’t be put in the other cards. The

numbers must be in their designated card. The trick was done repeatedly with

other guest and they were shocked and amazed. Through this trick, the

researchers were able to show why does rules are need to be followed.
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 25

INTRODUCTION

When you add all the first number and get the sum of every card and

where the chosen number of the guest is, you will get the number that the

guest secretly chosen. It works because the numbers in every cards are in

arranged according to the magic math trick sequence. If the numbers in every

card is not correct in arrangement, the trick does not work. You can ramble or

rearrange the numbers in a one card but you can’t put a few number in the

other cards. This trick has a connection in basic calculus in the terms of

following the rules and adding a numbers.

METHODS
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 26

Magic Math was presented using 5 pieces of colored papers and a

marker. In this trick, the host will let the guest pick a number from 1 to 30. After

the guest pick a number in his mind, the host will show the cards and will ask if

the guest's number is in the cards. After the cards shown, the host will tell the

guest's number. And now, guest's mind is blown.

RESULTS

The researchers found out that this experiment is mind blowing. After

tricking others using Magic Math, they were shocked and asking how did the

researchers do that. In this experiment, researchers succeed blowing minds

using Magic Math. After all the trick, the researchers explain how it is done. It's

a great way for them to practice mental addition calculations through 30 and

they won't even realize they're practicing!

DISCUSSIONS

The trick in this mind blowing act is to remember the upper left number

in every colored card. One, two, four, eight and sixteen is the first upper left
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 27

number in every card. Observe that when the numbers are added the result

thirty. The numbers may be rumbled as long as the numbers is still in their

designated card. Add the first upper left number when the chosen number is in

the card, add all the first upper left number when the chosen number is in their

card. And that is how the math magic trick works. This math magic may blow

mind but remember that every magic has a trick. It is amazing, it is surprising

and it is calculus.

LABORATORY REPORT 6:
RESEARCH PROJECT: OREGANO (Origanum vulgare)
AS AN ACTIVE
INGREDIENT IN MOSQUITO COIL
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 28

March, 2019
OREGANO (Origanum vulgare) AS AN ACTIVE INGREDIENT IN
MOSQUITO COIL

Infante, Bonifacio, Dizon, Lelis, Lopez

University of Makati – Higher School ng UMak
Abstract

[Use this part if the paper is completely done and approved by the teacher – in
– charge and/or peer – reviewed. This part should be ITALICISED]

Keywords: Adulticide, Hydrogen Cyanide, Malus domestica, Aedes aegypti

Introduction

Background of the Study

Mosquitoes are small, midge-like flies that constitute the family of

Culicidae. The word “mosquito” (formed by Mosco and diminutive- ito) is
Spanish for “little fly”. Mosquito coil are substances that are designed to make
surfaces unpleasant
to mosquitoes. It typically contains an active ingredient that repels or can kill
mosquitoes.
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 29

MMosquitoes are small,

midge-like flies that
constitute the
family Culicidae. The
word "mosquito" (formed
by mosco
and diminutive -ito) is
Spanish for "little fly".
Mosquito
repellents are substances
that are designed to
make surfaces
unpleasant or
unattractive to
mosquitoes. They
typically
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 30

contain an active
ingredient that repels
mosquitos as well as
secondary ingredients,
which aid in delivery and
cosmetic
appeal. Different
mosquito repellents work
in different ways.
While most of them do not
kill mosquitoes and just
help repel
them, others kill them
Mosquito coil is widely known as an efficient mosquito repellant. The
major active ingredients of the mosquito coil are pyrethrins. (Liu, W., Zhang, J.,
Hashim, et.,al 2003). A mosquito coil is a mosquito repellant usually shaped
into a spiral, and typically made from a dried paste of pyrethrum powder. The
coil is usually held at the center of the spiral, suspending it in the air, or
wedged by two pieces of fireproof nettings to allow continuous smoldering).

According to National Pesticide Information Center (NCIP) (2014),

pyrethrins are pesticides found naturally in some chrysanthemum flower. They
are a mixture of six chemicals that are toxic to insects. Pyrethrins are
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 31

commonly used to control mosquitoes, fleas, flies, moths, ants, and many
other pests. Pyrethrins are generally separated from the flowers. However,
they typically contain impurities from the flower. Whole, crushed flowers are
known as pyrethrum powder.

A mosquito coil essentially is an incense just like the ones that are
used in aromatherapy as well as in different religious rituals. Only this one is
used for repelling mosquitoes. When a mosquito coil is burned, the
insecticides evaporate with the smoke, which prevents the mosquito from
entering a certain place. But the smoke of mosquito coils can cause many
health risk more than having a disease cause by the mosquito itself.

There is growing concern about the adverse health impacts associated

with the burning of mosquito coils and sticks indoors. A recently presentation
to the 48th National Conference of Indian College of Allergy, Asthma
and Applied Immunology has again raised the issue of potential health
impacts associated with mosquito coils with media coverage given to Dr.
Sundeep Salvi in the lead up to the conference. He is quoted as saying
“Burning one mosquito coil in a closed room amounts to smoking roughly 100
ciagarettes”.

With the use of oregano (Origanum vulgare) leaves there is a way that
can lessen the risk of harm in health by using this as an active ingredient in
mosquito coil. Origanum vulgare has a component that can repel mosquitoes
it is called thymol and carvacol and most of it located in the leaves of an
origanum vugare

The purpose of this study is to create a mosquito coil and to determine

the effectivity of origanum vulgare leaves as an active ingredient in mosquito
coil.

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to determine that the oregano is an alternative mosquito

coil. Specific questions that the researchers aim to answer are the following:
1. How many mosquitoes have been killed after using the 10 ml, 15 ml,
and 20 ml of dried oregano leaves and extracted oregano oil?
2. In the evaluation of the respondents on the mosquito product with dried
leaves and extracted oregano oil. In terms of
2.1 Color of smoke
2.2 Odor
2.3 Texture
3. What are the recommendation of the respondents to further improve the
product?
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 32

Hypothesis

Null: The mosquito coil with dried leaves of oregano and oregano oil is not
effective to reduce/kill mosquitoes
Alternative: The mosquito coil dried leaves of oregano and oregano oil is
effective to reduce/kill mosquitoes

Significance of the Study

The researcher thought that if this study would be successful, it would

be able to help the community in cared for by animals, from insects, most
especially from mosquitoes. Also in way that it would be natural. It can easily
be found in the neighborhood, so there would be no need for families those
who are less fortunate to use money that can be used instead for food or other
necessities.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The coverage of this study includes the enhancement of mosquito coil

as a substitute for commercial product mosquito coil using Origanum vulgare.
This study will consist different types of mosquito coil that will going to
compare to the mosquito coil using Origanum vulgare. This study focuses on
the enhancement of a natural mosquito coil for commercial products that can
lessen the expenses of the people. The researchers aim to make a substitute,
and affordable product that can help to lessen the diseases that mosquito can
bring that harms the people.

This study covers people who uses mosquito coil in their houses. There
is no certain age, status and gender. This study covers people that frequently
use harmful mosquito coils to get rid the mosquitoes that can harm their
health.

Origanum vulgare is a culinary and medical herb. The chemicals that

give the herb its unique and pleasant smell are thymol, pinene, limonene,
carvacol, ocimene, and caryophyllene. Thymol and carvacol can repel
mosquitoes because it is the major component of the origanum vulgare that
gives odor of the plant itself.

Definition of Terms

Carvacol - Chemical component of oregano that repels mosquito

Mosquito - Borne Disease - spread by the bite of an infected mosquito
Mosquito Coil - mosquito-repelling incense, usually made into a spiral
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 33

Origanum Vulgare - Scientific Name of Oregano

Oregano - a culinary and medical herb
Thymol - Chemical component of oregano that repels mosquito
Versatile - able to adapt or be adapted to many different functions or activities
Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

Overview of Oregano (Origanum vulgare)

A bushy perennial mint (Origanum vulgare) with leaves that are used as
a seasoning and a source of aromatic oil called also origanum, wild marjoram.
They believed that this herb was created by the Goddess Aphrodite. She
wanted it to be a symbol of joy growing in her garden. The word “oregano”
comes from the Greek words oros, for “mountain,” and ganos, for “joy”
meaning joy of the mountains”.

According to Nordqvist J. (2014), in the middle ages oregano was

commonly used for medicinal purposes. They would chew the oregano leaves
as a cure for many ailments such as rheumatism, toothache, indigestion, and
coughing fits. During this time, Oregano also made the journey to China. It
was also used for medicinal purposes in this region. The Chinese people
believed it helped with fever, vomiting and upset stomach.

During the Elizabethan era, oregano was used for just about anything. It
was used to encourage good luck and good health. Oregano has been used
in the treatment of several ailments such as diarrhea, stomach upset and
nausea. Oregano also has some anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory
properties so you will see it used in the treatment of arthritis, muscle and joint
pain and soreness. Novo JM, et al. (2013) stated in his study
that oregano (Origanum vulgare) is a spice and tea that is commonly referred
to as oregano, with the essential oil derived from this plant referred to as oil of
oregano. It is traditionally used as a medicinal herb in many diseases.
Oregano is a culinary and medicinal herb from the mint. It has been used in
medicine and cooking for thousands of years. It adds flavor, and it may have a
number of health benefits.

According to Venkateswara R et al (2011). The composition of the

dried leaves of oregano (excluding the essential oil component) includes a
large amount of phenolics, which is fairly standard amongst plants, with the
only unique components being phenolic structures known as oreganol(which
are structured somewhat similar to rosmarinic acid). Triterpenoids such as
ursolic acid may also be active in this plant.

History and Origin of Mosquito coil

 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 34

According to Ching H. (2017) "It is a spiral coil which burns slowly and
produce smoke that prevents mosquitoes from biting". Mosquito coil has a
history that dates back to 19th century Japan. Back then, a man named
Eiichiro Ueyama began importing some seeds to a flowering plant from a U.S.
trader he had met through an important friend.The trader had told Ueyama,
who had been an exporter of mandarin oranges, that the plant had deadly
properties towards insect

As stated by Gordenker A (2013) Fukuzawa Yukichi the famous author,

introduced Ueyama to a seed trader in the United States. This dealer offered
Ueyama seeds of a flowering plant that he claimed would knock insects dead.
His wife advised him that it will be good if the mosquito repellant would be last
longer. Ueyama started to make a spiral coil with his own ingredients.Ueyama
use a Tanacetum cinerariifolium(flower allergenic extract is used in allergenic
testing) a member of aster family. Dried the flower and ground into a powde,
mixed the flower powder into starch bases to create incense sticks that would
repel insects. They worked quite well but burned down too quickly, barely
lasting 40 minutes."

What is a house mosquito?

Mosquitoes have become the most important single group of insects well-
known for their public health importance, since they act as the vector for many
tropical and subtropical diseases such as dengue fever, yellow fever, malaria,
filariasis and encephalitis of different types including, Japanese encephalitis
(Hubalek and Haluzka, 1999). Anopheles stephensi, Aedesa egypti and Culex
quinque fasciatus are the major urban vectors of malaria, dengue
andlymphatic filariasis, respectively.

Culex pipiens (the common house mosquito or northern house

mosquito) is a species of blood-feeding mosquito of the family Culicidae. It is a
vector for diseases including Japanese encephalitis. In the US and parts of
Europe, it can spread West Nile virus, and in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, it has
been demonstrated to be a vector of Usutu virus.

The mosquito species Culex pipiens consists of two forms, or ecotypes:

the typical pipiens form and the molestus form. These forms are similar
morphologically but have significant ecophysiological differences. The Cx.
pipiens population structure was studied in open and underground habitats
(house basements) in several localities in Abkhazia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan.
The pipiens and molestus forms were identified by a molecular method,
namely by restriction analysis of the amplification products with HaeIII
endonuclease. Altogether, 90 individuals from 10 local populations were
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 35

studied. The pipiens form was found only in surface water bodies (8 cases); in
two cases both forms were found in one habitat. Homogeneous molestus
populations were recorded in two underground habitats.[ CITATION Ele13 \l
1124 ]

According to Mng'ong'o et al (2011) conventional vector control tools

such as indoor residual spraying and house screening are highly effective, but
difficult to deliver in rural areas. Therefore, an additional means of reducing
mosquito house entry was evaluated: the screening of mosquito house entry
points by planting the tall and densely foliated repellent plant Lantana camara
L. around houses.

Thus one of the approaches for control of these mosquito-borne

diseases is the interruption of disease transmission by killing or preventing
mosquitoes from biting human beings. Herbal products with proven potential
as adulticide or repellent can play an important role in the interruption of the
transmission of mosquito-borne diseases at the individual as well as at the
community level.

Related studies

Components of Oregano (Origanum vulgare) that repels mosquito

In the study conducted by Sharififard M, Et al (2018) it concludes that

using oregano (origanum vulgare) essential oil is an efficient pest repellent
that includes bed bug. Oregano oil is considered as an excellent antiseptic
and insect repellent. It has some active ingredients such as carvacrol, thymol
and α-terpinene reported being highly effective in repelling mosquitoes. It
stated here that some of the commercial insect repellent can immediate risk to
human health and the environment especially when insecticides are applied
on furniture. Repellent activity of essential oils is an effective way of controlling
biting insects including bed bugs and they can be applied on lug- gage, fabric
materials and furniture in order to reduce bed bug infestation by preventing
bed bugs into their home.

The study conducted by Caroll J, Et al (2016), the vector-borne diseases

are mainly transmitted to humans and animals by the bites of arthropods, such
as mosquitoes and ticks, infected with one or more pathogens. Arthropod
transmitted illnesses cause serious problems for humans and domesticated
animals in much of the habitable world. Oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential
oil was tested in laboratory behavioral bioassays for repellent activity against
Amblyomma americanum (L.) and Aedes aegypti (L.) that carries severe
diseases that can kill a person. Carvacrol and thymol were strongly repellent
to Ae. aegypti and Am. americanum. Since carvacrol and thymol have been
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 36

implicated as skin sensitisers, the allergenic and sensitisation issues must be

considered in any development of the carvacrol type O. onites EO as a
repellent product to be used on skin.

Fatiha (2011) stated that GC‐FID and GC‐MS analysis of essential oil
from oregano leaves (Origanum compactum) resulted in the identification of
46 compounds, representing more than 98% of the total composition.
Carvacrol was the predominant compound (36.46%), followed by thymol
(29.74%) and pcymene (24.31%). Serial extractions with petroleum ether,
ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water were performed on aerials parts of Origanum
compactum. The essential oil showed a higher antioxidant activity with an
IC50= 2 ± 0.1 mg/L. Among the extracts, the aqueous extract had the highest
antioxidant activity with an IC50= 4.8 ± 0.2 mg/L (DPPH assay). Concerning
antimalarial activity, Origanum compactum essential oil and ethyl acetate
extract showed the best results with an IC50 of 34 and 33 mg/mL,
respectively. In addition, ethyl acetate extract (30 mg/L) and ethanol extract
(56 mg/L) showed activity against human breast cancer cells (MCF7). This
study shows that the oregano essential oil considered to be nontoxic. This
study also indicates that oregano essential oil can be used to repel mosquito
by the major compounds in the oregano.

Health risk by using Mosquito coil

Webb, C (2017) stated in his study that burning a mosquito coil in a

closed room amounts to smoking up to 100 pcs of cigarettes. Mosquito coils
contain a mix of substances. Along with the products that deter mosquito
biting, there are also products that hold the coil together and enable it to
smoulder slowly. Mosquito coils and their role in killing or repelling mosquitoes
has been well studied. Despite differences between the chemical constituents
of products and the ways in which they are tested, they will generally reduce
the ability of mosquitoes to bite people. There's growing concern about the
adverse health impacts associated with the burning of mosquito coils and
sticks indoors. The insecticide products used are generally considered safe
but it's the particulate matter produced from a smouldering mosquito coil that
poses the greatest risk. It also stated in this study that the risk can be
balanced, it should be registered legally, and it should be used outdoors.
Using them in combination with topical insect repellants probably provides the
best protection. Their use in closed rooms is best avoided with "smokeless"
devices worth considering as an alternative.

According to Hogarh J. et al (2016). Mosquito coils contain insecticides,

which are expected to vaporize slowly once the coil is lit, to provide protection
against the mosquito. The mosquito coil base material contains a variety of
compounds capable of burning slowly to gradually release the insecticide. The
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 37

mosquito coil smoke, however, is potentially a source of indoor air pollution

with implications for acute respiratory infections (ARI) and other illnesses. The
present study investigated the application of mosquito coils and associated
self-reported health issues in Ghana. It stated in its results that The
application of mosquito coils did not necessarily reduce the incidence of
malaria in the study communities. It however presented a potential respiratory
risk factor, which should be further investigated by critically examining
exposure to particulate matter emissions from burning coils.

As stated In the study of Liu,W Et al (2003), mosquito coil is widely

known as an efficient mosquito coil that contains an active ingredient called
pyrethrins. The remaining components of mosquito coil are organic fillers,
binders, dyes, another additive capable of smoldering well. The combustion of
the remaining materials generates large amounts of sub micrometer particles
and gaseous pollutants. In this study the research found out that mosquito coil
smoke contains carbonyl compounds with properties that can produce a
strong irritating effects on the respiratory tract. The researcher tested different
kinds of commercial mosquito coil made from other countries and concluded
that it is really dangerous to use a mosquito coil because different kinds of
mosquito coil contains a lot number of the substance that can harm the human
health.

House mosquito

Meyer Steiger, D et al (2016) conducted the study that investigates the

mosquito community structure and composition across an anthropogenic
disturbance gradient of grassland, forest edge and forest interior habitats. its
main objectives were to evaluate how mosquito abundance, number of
species and species composition differed between the three habitat types and
across seasons. The result of this study displayed that there is a diverse
mosquito community in tropical Australia, but more importantly that the
community composition varies considerably between forests and disturbed
habitats. Additionally, most disease transmitting species predominantly occur
in grasslands created by humans. This strong influence of anthropogenic land
use change on mosquito communities could have potential implications for
pathogen transmission to humans and wildlife. We also found that vectors of
mosquito-borne diseases, such as Cx. annulirostris, can persist all year round,
further increasing disease risk. Considering that human-induced land use
changes and human population growth are advancing rapidly in tropical
regions, it is of the utmost importance to predict future disease risk.
Historically, mosquito studies have been predominantly focused on single
species life-cycles in association with the urban environment, we suggest
further ecological studies are necessary to understand how land use changes
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 38

will influence disease dynamics of the whole community in order to predict and
prevent future health threats.

As stated by Keswani R. et al (2006), mosquitoes are carriers of disease

causing parasites like malaria, yellow fever, encephalitis, to name a few and
the severity of these diseases in certain pockets of the world is a matter of
huge concern for many health organizations. Controlling of these pests is
largely limited to use of repellents and insecticides. Recently, steps have been
taken to study the attraction of these insects to their hosts and thereby attempt
to cut off the lethal action of these pests at the source itself. Its study the basic
aspects of mosquito attraction towards humans. It should be noted that
attraction refers to the whole process right from activation of neural senses to
arrival at host. It shows that a common mosquito or house mosquito can carry
any kind of diseases it can be transmitted to one mosquito to another.

Research Paradigm

Process
- Drying
of
oregano
leaves
Input -
- Pulverizin Output
Oregano g of -
leaves oregano Mosquito
- House leaves coil
mosquito -
Extractio
n of
oregano
oil

Methodology

Research Design
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 39

The study involved a descriptive method of research in determining the

effectiveness of oregano (Origanum vulgare) as an active ingredient in
mosquito coil. Specifically, the researchers used a checklist survey to gather
pertinent data and to achieve the objectives of this study. The design involved
observing, analyzing, describing and testing on the mosquito most specifically
the home mosquito about the effectiveness of origanum vulgare. This design
would be suitable for the study to extract all the necessary data needed for
this study.

Participants of the Study

Participants will be convenience sample of 30 families, have 3 to 7

members in the family. This family may also have a dengue or any disease
cause by a mosquito history. These participants are located inside Tipas,
Taguig and Napindan, Taguig area, many families in this area have issues
about Dengue and other diseases cause by mosquito bites because it is an
urban area and located near the Pasig River.

Research Instrument

The instrument used was a researcher made questionnaire checklist to

gather the needed data for the participant’s profile. The draft of the
questionnaire was drawn out based on the researcher’s readings, previous
studies, professional literature, published and unpublished thesis relevant to
the study. In the preparation of the instrument, the requirements in the
designing of good data collection instrument were considered. Open-ended
options were provided to accommodate to free formatted views of related to
the topics or issues. In this way, the instrument is authorized to obtain valid
responses of the participants. In the end, it encouraged open responses to
sensitive issues at hand. In addition, the instrument was validated by research
professor before it laid on to the study.

Data Gathering Procedure

The data of this research will be gathered from the random sample
taken from the population of have 3 to 7 family members in their home located
inside Tipas and Napindan area.

First, the researchers will select the needed participants for the study.
From the population of 30 families with 3 to 7 family members in their homes
having issue in Dengue and Malaria will be taken as respondents for the study.
There are 15 families that will try the mosquito coil with oregano and the other
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 40

15 families will try the commercial mosquito coil. The total number of
participants will be 30 families.

Second, the 15 families who tested the mosquito coil with oregano and
15 families who tested the commercial mosquito coil will be given survey
questionnaires that contain questions related to the effectiveness of oregano
(Origanum vulgare) leaves as an active ingredient in mosquito coil. The
answer of the families will reflect their perceptions about effectiveness of the
mosquito coil.

Third, after the respondents answered the survey questionnaire, the

researchers will check the answers given.

Finally, the researchers will derive a conclusion from the data gathered.
12 (40%)

Thus, answering the questions significant to this study.

Data Analysis

The analyzation of data was perform using the data results of the
conducted experiment of the oregano leaves as an active ingredient in
mosquito coil to repel mosquitoes that was distributed by the researchers in
areas of Napindan and Tipas . The parameters that the researchers
formulated will be used to determine the effectiveness of the oregano leaves
to repel mosquitoes. The acquired data will be compiled and analyze by the
researchers using tables and graphs.

Results and Discussion

Part 1. Demographic Profile

In demographic profile; age, gender, number of family members and location

are included. Location is between napindan and tipas because the
researchers chose to survey in the two areas.

Table 1.1. Gender of the respondents

The graph shows that out of 30 respondents, 12 (40%) respondents are

male and 18 (60%) respondents are female.
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 41

Table 1.2. Age of the respondents

The graph shows that most of the age of the respondents is 45.

Table 1.3. Number of family members of the respondents

The graph shows that most of the respondents have the family who has
6 and 7 members.

Table 1.4. Location of the respondents

The graph shows that out of 30 respondents, 15(50%) respondents

lives in Napindan and 15(50%) respondents lives in Tipas.

Part 2. Evaluation of Mosquito Coil

The second section of the questionnaire sought to identify the

respondents who had the opportunity to use the oregano mosquito coil. This
enabled the researchers to identify the reponses of the subjects who used the
oregano mosquito coil.

Table 2.1.1. Color of the smoke

 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 42

This graph shows that out of 30 respondents, 23 respondents says that

the color of the smoke is excellent, 6 respondents says that the color of the
smoke is very good and 3 respondents says that the color of the smoke is
neutral.

Table 2.1.2. Odor

This graph shows that out of 30 respondents, 15 respondents says that
the odor is excellent, 13 respondents says that the color of the smoke is very
good and 2 respondents says that the color of the smoke is neutral.

Table 2.1.3. Texture

This graph shows that out of 30 respondents, 10 respondents says that

the texture is excellent, 11 respondents says that the color of the smoke is
very good, 8 respondents says that the color of the smoke is neutral and 1
respondent says that the color of the smoke is good.

Table 2.2.1. The mosquito coil with oregano is efficient to use to repel mosquitoes

This graph shows that out of 30 respondents, 10 respondents strongly

agree that the mosquito coil with oregano is efficient to use to repel
mosquitoes, 14 respondents agree that the mosquito coil with oregano is
efficient to use to repel mosquitoes, 8 respondents says that the mosquito coil
with oregano is efficient to use to repel mosquitoes is neutral and 1
respondent disagree that the mosquito coil with oregano is efficient to use to
repel mosquitoes.
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 43

Table 2.2.2. The mosquito coil with oregano is helpful to prevent mosquitoes

This graph shows that out of 30 respondents, 13 respondents strongly

agree that the mosquito coil with oregano is helpful to prevent mosquitoes, 11
respondents agree that the mosquito coil with oregano is helpful to prevent
mosquitoes and 6 respondents says that the mosquito coil with oregano is
helpful to prevent mosquitoes is neutral.

Table 2.2.3. The mosquito coil with oregano is efficient than other mosquito coils

This graph shows that out of 30 respondents, 5 respondents strongly

agree that The mosquito coil with oregano is efficient than other mosquito
coils, 18 respondents agree that The mosquito coil with oregano is efficient
than other mosquito coils and 8 respondents says that The mosquito coil with
oregano is efficient than other mosquito coils is neutral.

Table 2.2.4. The mosquito coil with oregano is environmentally friendly

This graph shows that out of 30 respondents, 6 respondents strongly

agree that The mosquito coil with oregano is environmentally friendly, 16
respondents agree that The mosquito coil with oregano is environmentally
friendly, 7 respondents says that The mosquito coil with oregano is
environmentally friendly is neutral and 1 respondent disagree The mosquito
coil with oregano is environmentally friendly.
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 44

Table 2.2.5 The mosquito coil with oregano smells pleasantly

This graph shows that out of 30 respondents, 5 respondents strongly

agree that the mosquito coil with oregano smells pleasantly, 15 respondents
agree that the mosquito coil with oregano smells pleasantly and 10
respondents says that the mosquito coil with oregano smells pleasantly is
neutral.

Table 2.2.6 The mosquito coil with oregano is helpful to those people who experience
sensitivity in smelling

This graph shows that out of 30 respondents, 5 respondents strongly

agree that the mosquito coil with oregano is helpful to those people who
experience sensitivity in smelling, 14 respondents agree that the mosquito coil
with oregano is helpful to those people who experience sensitivity in smelling
and 11 respondents says that the mosquito coil with oregano is helpful to
those people who experience sensitivity in smelling is neutral.

Table 2.2.7 Even the smallest part of the mosquito coil with oregano can repel mosquitoes
efficiently

This graph shows that out of 30 respondents, 8 respondents strongly

agree that even the smallest part of the mosquito coil with oregano can repel
mosquitoes efficiently, 15 respondents agree that even the smallest part of the
mosquito coil with oregano can repel mosquitoes efficiently and 7 respondents
says that even the smallest part of the mosquito coil with oregano can repel
mosquitoes efficiently is neutral.
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 45

Table 2.2.8. The mosquito coil with oregano is easy to lighten up

This graph shows that out of 30 respondents, 9 respondents strongly
agree that the mosquito coil with oregano is easy to lighten up, 15
respondents agree that the mosquito coil with oregano is easy to lighten up, 4
respondents says that the mosquito coil with oregano is easy to lighten up is
neutral and 2 respondent disagree the mosquito coil with oregano is easy to
lighten up.

Table 2.2.9. The burn smoke by the mosquito coil is not harmful to the health of the
consumers
This graph shows that out of 30 respondents, 6 respondents strongly
agree that the burn smoke by the mosquito coil is not harmful to the health of
the consumers, 12 respondents agree that the burn smoke by the mosquito
coil is not harmful to the health of the consumers and 12 respondents says
that the burn smoke by the mosquito coil is not harmful to the health of the
consumers is neutral.

Table 2.2.10. The mosquito coil with oregano is not brittle

This graph shows that out of 30 respondents, 4 respondents strongly

agree that the mosquito coil with oregano is not brittle, 18 respondents agree
that the mosquito coil with oregano is not brittle, 14 respondents says that the
mosquito coil with oregano is not brittle is neutral and 4 respondent disagree
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 46

the mosquito coil with oregano is not brittle.

Table 2.2.11. The mosquito coil with oregano smolder does not leads to fire

This graph shows that out of 30 respondents, 11 respondents strongly

agree that the mosquito coil with oregano smolder does not leads to fire, 9
respondents agree that the mosquito coil with oregano smolder does not leads
to fire and 10 respondents says that the mosquito coil with oregano smolder
does not leads to fire is neutral.

Table 2.2.12. The mosquito coil with oregano is better than commercial mosquito coil

This graph shows that out of 30 respondents, 12 respondents strongly

agree that the mosquito coil with oregano is better than commercial mosquito
coil, 13 respondents agree that the mosquito coil with oregano is better than
commercial mosquito coil and 5 respondents says that the mosquito coil with
oregano is better than commercial mosquito coil is neutral.

Table 2.2.13. The mosquito coil with oregano lasts longer than commercial mosquito

This graph shows that out of 30 respondents, 12 respondents strongly

agree that the mosquito coil with oregano lasts longer than commercial
mosquito, 12 respondents agree that the mosquito coil with oregano lasts
longer than commercial mosquito and 6 respondents says that the mosquito
coil with oregano lasts longer than commercial mosquito is neutral.
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 47

Table 2.2.14. The mosquito coil with oregano is more effective than commercial product
This graph shows that out of 30 respondents, 7 respondents strongly
agree that the mosquito coil with oregano is more effective than commercial
product, 18 respondents agree that the mosquito coil with oregano is more
effective than commercial product and 5 respondents says that the mosquito
coil with oregano is more effective than commercial product is neutral.

Table 2.2.15. The mosquito coil with oregano smoke is more secure than commercial product

This graph shows that out of 30 respondents, 12 respondents strongly

agree that the mosquito coil with oregano smoke is more secure than
commercial product, 12 respondents agree that the mosquito coil with oregano
smoke is more secure than commercial product and 6 respondents says that
the mosquito coil with oregano smoke is more secure than commercial product
is neutral.

Table 2.2.16. The mosquito coil with oregano smells better than commercial product
This graph shows that out of 30 respondents, 11 respondents strongly
agree that the mosquito coil with oregano smells better than commercial
product, 13 respondents agree that the mosquito coil with oregano smells
better than commercial product and 6 respondents says that the mosquito coil
with oregano smells better than commercial product is neutral.
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 48

Table 2.2.17. The mosquito coil with oregano repels mosquito faster than commercial product

This graph shows that out of 30 respondents, 11 respondents strongly

agree that the mosquito coil with oregano repels mosquito faster than
commercial product, 12 respondents agree that the m mosquito coil with
oregano repels mosquito faster than commercial product and 7 respondents
says that the mosquito coil with oregano repels mosquito faster than
commercial product is neutral.

Part 3. Recommendation

In recommendation, the researchers open this part of survey for the

respondents to recommend for the improve ment of the product.

Table 3.1. Recommendations to further improve the product

In this graph, respondents give their recommendations. It shows that
the respondents mostly recommend to add more oregano extract in the
product.

Conclusion

Summary of Findings

The Origanum Vulgare leaves and oil was tested against Culex pipiens
(the common house mosquito or northern house mosquito) is a species of
blood-feeding mosquito of the family Culicidae is proven to repel mosquitoes
based on the researchers collected data due to effectiveness of mosquito coil
using dried oregano leaves and extracted leaves of oregano.
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 49

Conclusion

The data shows that the mosquito coil with dried oregano leaves and
extracted oregano oil is effective and it can repel/kill mosquitoes. Based on the
findings the mosquito coil with oregano is more effective than the commercial
products. Hence, the null hypothesis is rejected. The researchers can
therefore conclude that the mosquito coil with dried oregano leaves and
extracted oregano oil is effective to repel/kill mosquitoes.

Recommendation

Based on the findings and conclusions presented, the following

recommendations are offered

1. The researchers recommend this study for those in a community to keep

their surroundings clean for them to prevent the spread of mosquitoes.

2. Also, the researchers recommend the oregano because the ingredients

used are all natural and accessible especially for those less fortunate.
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 50

Reference List

Brittney Field. (2015) Amaze your students with this math magic trick!
Retrieved from https://games4gains.com/blogs/teaching-ideas/magic-
math-card-trick

Bureau of International Recycling. (2007) Recovered Paper

Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B97801238147531001
05

C. Tui, J. Macasero, R. Sparks. (2016) Rainbow Stairs.

Retrieved from https://youtu.be/RH8rQ3rDoac

Charamko, S., & Maniam, B. (2011). U.S. Patent Application No. 12/753,824.
Retrieved from
https://patents.google.com/patent/US20110030390A1/en

Exploratorium Teacher Institute (2013). Vortex Retrieved from

https://www.exploratorium.edu/snacks/vortex

Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. (2018). Seesaw Candle Fire Magic Trick.
Retrieved from
https://www.thoughtco.com/seesaw-candle- 607492

K. Harmon. (2011) Recycle! Make Old Paper New

Retrieved from
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/recycle-make-old-paper-new-
bring-science-home/
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 51

Kids' Science Projects. (2011) Making a Rainbow Experiment,

Retrieved from
https://explorable.com/making-a-rainbow-experiment

Malia. (2018) Walking water rainbow. Retrieved from

https://thestemlaboratory.com/walking-water-rainbow/

R. McKinney 1995: Technology of Paper Recycling

Retrieved from
https://www.ecocern.com/green-links/what-is-recycled-paper/

Small Business. (2018) Paper Recycling Facts, Figures and Information

Sources Retrieved from
https://www.thebalancesmb.com/paper-recycling-facts-figures-and-
information-sources-2877868

Spangler, S. (2011). Magic Candle Seesaw.

Retrieved from
https://www.stevespanglerscience.com/lab/experiments/magic-candle-
see-saw-sick-science
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 52

APPENDICES
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 53

APPENDIX A
GAME FEATURES

There are many benefits to playing with Tangrams. They can be used to

develop problem-solving and logical thinking skills, perceptual reasoning

(nonverbal thinking skills), visual-spatial awareness, creativity and many

mathematical concepts such as congruency, symmetry, area, perimeter, and

geometry. Most crucially, perhaps, is the change of perspective of math being

something boring to becoming a creative and fun activity, leading to a desire to

tackle more advanced math. In fact, using Tangrams is one of the primary

recommendations. Researchers make to improve the mathematical and

thinking skills of the children who come to see me for assessment. The pieces

include five right triangles (2 small, 1 medium, 2 large), one square, and one

parallelogram. The original objective of a tangram puzzle was to create a

“work of art" using the seven pieces, but informal games today, players are

asked to form a given shape, such as a rabbit, house, or boat.

 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 54

APPENDIX B
GAME MECHANICS

Tangram puzzles come in the form of silhouettes or outlines that are

constructed by combining all seven tans. The object of the game is to re-

create these shapes by figuring out the orientation of each tan. In books of

puzzles, the solutions (or completed tangrams) show the outlines of the

individual tans, but the puzzles don't. The challenge is for the participants to

re-create the patterns by arranging the tans, following simple rules: the

participants should pick randomly on the box with 10 different kinds of figure

and have a time limit of 3-5 minxs to complete the game. Each completed

tangram must contain all seven tans; the tans cannot overlap each other; and

the tans should have the same figure in the paper that you pick in the box and

if the participants finish the game in a given time they will obtain a prize.
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 55

APPENDIX C
PICTURES

“Preparation for Capstone Festival”

 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 56

“Grand Opening of Science Week”

“Introducing the Special Guests”

“Professor plays the Tangram”

 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 57

“Students also plays Tangram”

“Packing up after the event”

 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 58

“STEM 02 Family”
 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 59

APPENDIX D
BIONOTE

Warry R. Bonifacio Jr "18 grew up in Municipality of Pateros, Philippines

and currently a Grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

(STEM) student at the University of Makati. He was born in Sta Ana,

Municipality of Pateros on May 31, 2000 and raised by his parents Warry D.

Bonifacio Sr. and Josephine R. Bonifacio. He graduated elementary at

Comembo Elementary School and completed junior high at Benigno "Ninoy"

S. High School.

He is a youth president and part of the praise and worship team in their

church. He was also part of the Boys Scout of the Philippines in elementary at

Comembo elementary school. He also joined the math quiz bee school

division in Comembo elementary school. He plans to study at Technological

University of the Philippines and take the course of Electrical Engineering after

he graduated senior high school. His goal is to become a licensed Electrical

Engineer in the future.

 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 60

Allen Dizon "17 grew up in Makati City, Philippines and currently a

Grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) student

at the University of Makati. He was born in Makati City, Manila on July 21,

2001 and raised by his parents Arnel Dizon and Marilou Dizon. He graduated

elementary at Sta. Ana Elementary School and completed junior high at Fort

Bonifacio High School.

He is a youth member in Jesus First Christ Ministry. He was also part of

the Boys Scout of the Philippines in elementary at Sta. Ana Elementary

School. He also joined in track and field at Sta. Ana Elementary School. He

plans to study at University of Makati and take the course of Civil Engineering

after he graduated senior high school. His goal is to become a licensed Civil

Engineer in the future.

 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 61

Eo P. Infante "18 grew up in Makati City, Philippines and currently a

Grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) student

at the University of Makati. He was born in Makati City on February 08, 2001

and raised by his parents Eduardo Infante and Emma Infante. He graduated

elementary at Comembo Elementary School and completed junior high at

Benigno Ninoy Aquino High School.

He was an athlete of Table Tennis in Elementary and junior high. He

plans to study at University of Makati and take the course of Electrical

Engineering after he graduated senior high school. His goal is to become a

licensed Electrical Engineer in the future.

 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 62

Lelis Ezekiel M. "18 grew up in Taguig City, Philippines and currently a

Grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) student

at the University of Makati. He was born in Napindan, Taguig on August 27,

2000 and raised by his parents Zalvador Lelis and Marilyn Lelis. He graduated

elementary at Trinity Baptist Academy and completed junior high at Trinity

Baptist Academy with honors.

He is member of choir at Trinity Baptist Academy when he was Junior

High. He was also part of the Board Member of the school. He also joined in

one of the team in Science Exhibit and won the first place. He plans to study at

Technological University of the Philippines and take the course of Civil

Engineering after he graduated senior high school. His goal is to become a

licensed Civil Engineer in the future.

 UNIVERSITY OF MAKATI
HIGHER SCHOOL NG UMAK 63

Samantha Nicole S. Lopez "17 grew up in Mandaluyong City but

currently living in Makati City, she's studying in University of Makati taking the

track of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). She was

born on June 24, 2001 at Pasig city and she was raised by her parents namely

Rowena Lopez and Christopher Lopez. She graduated in Renato R. Lopez

located in Mandaluyong city and completed her junior high at Tibagan High

School.

She is currently an athlete at the University of Makati she is part of the

UMAK chess team. She plans to study at Technolohical University of the

Philippines and take the course of Civil Engineering.