Physics: Crash Course For JEE Main 2020

PHYSICS
Crash Course for

JEE Main 2020
GRAVITATION
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GRAVITATION
GRAVITATION : Universal Law of Gravitation

m1 m 2 m m
F 2 or F = G 1 2 2
r r
where G = 6.67 × 10–11 Nm2 kg–2 is the universal gravitational constant.
Newton's Law of Gravitation in vector form :

 Gm1m2  Gm1m2
F12 = r̂12 & F21 =
r2 r2
  G m1 m2
Now r̂12  r̂21 , Thus F21  r̂12 .
IA
 r2
Comparing above, we get F12   F21
F GM
Gravitational Field E== 2
m r
D
Gravitational potential : gravitational potential,
GM dV
V=– . E=– .
r dr
1. Ring. V=
 GM
2
x or (a  r )
GM cos 
2 1/ 2 &
IN E=
 GMr
(a  r 2 )3 / 2
2
r̂
or E = –
x2
S
Gravitational field is maximum at a distance,
r=± a 2 and it is – 2GM 3 3 a 2
2. Thin Circular Disc.
O
1  
 2GM  2 2 
V=  a r
a 2 
 2
& E=–
2GM 
 r 1
r 
1 = –
2GM
1  cos 
a2  a2
O

3. Non conducting solid sphere
 r 2  a 2   2 

(a) Point P inside the sphere. r < a, then

T
GM GMr 3GM
V=  3
(3a 2  r 2 ) & E = –
, and at the centre V = – and E = 0
2a a3 2a
(b) Point P outside the sphere .
E
GM GM
r > a, then V =  & E=– 2
r r
4. Uniform Thin Spherical Shell / Conducting solid sphere
(a) Point P Inside the shell.
 GM
r < a , then V = & E=0
a
(b) Point P outside shell.
 GM GM
r > a, then V = & E=– 2
r r
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VARIATION OF ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY :

1. Effect of Altitude
GMe 2
 h   2h 
gh = 2 = g 1   ~ g 1  when h << R.
R e  h  R e

  R e 
 d 
2. Effect of depth gd = g 1 

 Re 
3. Effect of the surface of Earth
The equatorial radius is about 21 km longer than its polar radius.
GMe
We know, g = Hence gpole > gequator.
IA
R 2e
SATELLITE VELOCITY (OR ORBITAL VELOCITY)
1 1
 GM e  2  gR 2e  2
v0 =   =  
 R e  h   R e  h 
D
When h << Re then v 0 = gR e
 v0 = 3 –1
9.8  6.4  10 6 = 7.92 × 10 ms = 7.92 km s
Time period of Satellite
1
IN
1
3
2 R e  h 2  R e  h 2
S
T= 1
=  
R e  g 
 gR 2e  2
 
 R e  h 
O
Energy of a Satellite
GMem GMem GM e m
U= K.E. = ; then total energy E = –
O
r 2r 2R e
Kepler's Laws
Law of area :
The line joining the sun and a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal
T
intervals of time.
1
r (rd)
area swept 2 1 2 d
Areal velocity = = =7 r = constant .
E
time dt 2 dt
1 T2
Hence r2  = constant. Law of periods : 3
= constant
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SECTION-1 SCQ
Q.1 At what altitude will the acceleration due to gravity be 25% of that at the earth’s surface (given radius of
earth is R)?
(A) R/4 (B) R (C) 3R/8 (D) R/2
Q.2 Let  be the angular velocity of the earth’s rotation about its axis. Assume that the acceleration due to
gravity on the earth’s surface has the same value at the equator and the poles. An object weighed at the
equator gives the same reading as a reading taken at a depth d below earth’s surface at a pole (d<<R)
The value of d is
2R2 2R2 2 2 R 2 Rg
(A) (B) (C) (D)
g 2g g g
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Q.3 The mass and diameter of a planet are twice those of earth. What will be the period of oscillation of a
pendulum on this planet if it is a seconds pendulum on earth?
1 1
(A) 2 second (B) 2 2 seconds (C) second (D) second
D
2 2 2
Q.4 A particle of mass M is at a distance a from surface of a thin spherical

shell of equal mass and having radius a. IN
(A) Gravitational field and potential both are zero at centre of the shell.
(B) Gravitational field is zero not only inside the shell but at a point
outside the shell also.
(C) Inside the shell, gravitational field alone is zero.
S
(D) Neither gravitational field nor gravitational potential is zero inside the shell.
O
Q.5 A spherical uniform planet is rotating about its axis. The velocity of a point on its equator is V. Due to the
rotation of planet about its axis the acceleration due to gravity g at equator is 1/2 of g at poles. The
escape velocity of a particle on the pole of planet in terms of V.
O
(A) Ve = 2V (B) Ve = V (C) Ve = V 2 (D) Ve = 3 V
Q.6 Two planets A and B have the same material density. If the radius of A is twice that of B, then the ratio of
T
v
the escape velocity A is
vB
E
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) 1 2 (D) 1 2
Q.7 The escape velocity for a planet is ve. A tunnel is dug along a diameter of the planet and a small body is
dropped into it at the surface. When the body reaches the centre of the planet, its speed will be
ve ve
(A) ve (B) (C) (D) zero
2 2
Q.8 A hollow spherical shell is compressed to half its radius. The gravitational potential at the centre
(A) increases
(B) decreases
(C) remains same
(D) during the compression increases then returns at the previous value.
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Q.9 If a tunnel is cut at any orientation through earth, then a ball released from one end will reach the other
end in time(neglect earth rotation)
(A) 84.6 minutes (B) 42.3 minutes (C) 8 minutes (D) depends on orientation
Q.10 A (nonrotating) star collapses onto itself from an initial radius Ri with its
mass remaining unchanged. Which curve in figure best gives the
gravitational acceleration ag on the surface of the star as a function of
the radius of the star during the collapse?
(A) a (B) b
(C) c (D) d
Question No. 11 to 12 (2 questions)
IA
Two uniform spherical stars made of same material have radii R and 2R. Mass of the smaller planet is m.
They start moving from rest towards each other from a large distance under mutual force of gravity. The
collision between the stars is inelastic with coefficient of restitution 1/2.
Q.11 Kinetic energy of the system just after the collision is:
D
8Gm 2 2Gm 2 4Gm 2
(A) (B) (C) (D) cannot be determined
3R 3R IN 3R
Q.12 The maximum separation between their centres after their first collision
(A) 4 R (B) 6 R (C) 8 R (D) 12 R
S
Q.13 A satellite revolves in the geostationary orbit but in a direction east to west. The time interval between its
successive passing about a point on the equator is :
O
(A) 48 hrs (B) 24 hrs (C) 12 hrs (D) never
Q.14 Two point masses of mass 4m and m respectively separated by d distance are revolving under mutual
O
force of attraction. Ratio of their kinetic energies will be :

(A) 1 : 4 (B) 1 : 5 (C) 1 : 1 (D) 1 : 2
T
Q.15 A satellite of mass m, initially at rest on the earth, is launched into a circular orbit at a height equal to the
radius of the earth. The minimum energy required is
E
3 1 1 3
(A) mgR (B) mgR (C) mgR (D) mgR
4 2 4 4
Q.16 The figure shows the variation of energy with the orbit radius of a body in circular
planetary motion. Find the correct statement about the curves A, B and C
(A) A shows the kinetic energy, B the total energy and C the potential energy of
the system.
(B) C shows the total energy, B the kinetic energy and A the potential energy
of the system.
(C) C and A are kinetic and potential energies respectively and B is the total energy of the system.
(D) A and B are kinetic and potential energies and C is the total energy of the system.
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Q.17 A satellite of mass 5M orbits the earth in a circular orbit. At one point in its orbit, the satellite explodes into two
pieces, one of mass M and the other of mass 4M. After the explosion the mass M ends up travelling in the
same circular orbit, but in opposite direction. After explosion the mass 4M is
(A) In a circular orbit
(B) unbound
(C) elliptical orbit
(D) data is insufficient to determine the nature of the orbit.
Q.18 A satellite can be in a geostationary orbit around earth at a distance r from the centre. If the angular
velocity of earth about its axis doubles, a satellite can now be in a geostationary orbit around earth if its
distance from the centre is
r r r r
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 (4)1/ 3 (2)1/ 3
IA
Q.19 A planet of mass m is in an elliptical orbit about the sun (m << Msun) with an orbital period T. If A be the
area of orbit, then its angular momentum would be:
2mA mA
(A) (B) mAT (C) (D) 2mAT
D
T 2T
Question No. 20 to 21 (2 questions) IN

Figure shows the orbit of a planet P round the sun S. AB and CD are
the minor and major axes of the ellipse.
S
Q.20 If t1 is the time taken by the planet to travel along ACB and t2 the time along BDA, then
(A) t1 = t2 (B) t1 > t2 (C) t1 < t2 (D) nothing can be concluded
O
Q.21 If U is the potential energy and K kinetic energy then |U| > |K| at
(A) Only D (B) Only C
(C) both D & C (D) neither D nor C
O
Q.22 Satellites A and B are orbiting around the earth in orbits of ratio R and 4R respectively. The ratio of their
areal velocities is:
T
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 1 : 4 (C) 1 : 8 (D) 1 : 16

E
SECTION-2 MCQ
Q.1 Assuming the earth to be a sphere of uniform density the acceleration due to gravity
(A) at a point outside the earth is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from the centre
(B) at a point outside the earth is inversely proportional to its distance from the centre
(C) at a point inside is zero
(D) at a point inside is proportional to its distance from the centre.
Q.2 In side a hollow isolated spherical shell

(A) everywhere gravitational potential is zero. (B) everywhere gravitational field is zero.
(C) everywhere gravitational potential is same. (D) everywhere gravitational field is same.
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Q.3 A geostationary satellite is at a height h above the surface of earth. If earth radius is R
(A) The minimum colatitude on earth upto which the satellite can be used
for communication is sin–1 R R  h  .
(B) The maximum colatitudes on earth upto which the satellite can be used
for communication is sin–1 R R  h  .
(C) The area on earth escaped from this satellite is given as 2R2 (1 + sin)
(D) The area on earth escaped from this satellite is given as 2R2 (1 + cos)
Q.4 When a satellite in a circular orbit around the earth enters the atmospheric region, it encounters small air
resistance to its motion. Then
(A) its kinetic energy increases
(B) its kinetic energy decreases
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(C) its angular momentum about the earth decreases
(D) its period of revolution around the earth increases
Q.5 A communications Earth satellite
D
(A) goes round the earth from east to west
(B) can be in the equatorial plane only
(C) can be vertically above any place on the earth
IN
(D) goes round the earth from west to east
Q.6 An earth satellite is moved from one stable circular orbit to another larger and stable circular orbit. The
following quantities increase for the satellite as a result of this change
S
(A) gravitational potential energy (B) angular vleocity
(C) linear orbital velocity (D) centripetal acceleration
O
Q.7 A satellite S is moving in an elliptical orbit around the earth. The mass of the satellite is very small
compared to the mass of the earth
(A) the acceleration of S is always directed towards the centre of the earth
O
(B) the angular momentum of S about the centre of the earth changes in direction, but its
magnitude remains constant
(C) the total mechanical energy of S varies periodically with time
T
(D) the linear momentum of S remains constant in magnitude

Q.8 For a satellite to orbit around the earth, which of the following must be true?
E
(A) It must be above the equator at some time

(B) It cannot pass over the poles at any time
(C) Its height above the surface cannot exceed 36,000 km
(D) Its period of rotation must be > 2 R / g where R is radius of earth
Q.9 Two satellites s1 & s2 of equal masses revolve in the same sense around a heavy planet in coplanar
circular orbit of radii R & 4R
(A) the ratio of period of revolution s1 & s2 is 1 : 8.
(B) their velocities are in the ratio 2 : 1
(C) their angular momentum about the planet are in the ratio 2 : 1
(D) the ratio of angular velocities of s2 w.r.t. s1 when all three are in the same line is 9 : 5.
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Q.10 Select the correct choice(s):

(A) The gravitational field inside a spherical cavity, within a spherical planet must be non zero and uniform.
(B) When a body is projected horizontally at an appreciable large height above the earth, with a velocity
less than for a circular orbit, it will fall to the earth along a parabolic path.
(C) A body of zero total mechanical energy placed in a gravitational field if it is travelling away from
source of field will escape the field
(D) Earth’s satellite must be in equatorial plane .
SECTION-3 INTEGER
Q.1 A man can jump over b=4m wide trench on earth. If mean density of an imaginary planet is twice that
of the earth, calculate its maximum possible radius so that he may escape from it by jumping. Given
radius of earth = 6400 km.
IA
Q.2 Two small dense stars rotate about their common centre of mass as a binary system with the period
1year for each. One star is of double the mass of the other and the mass of the lighter one is 1/3 of the
mass of the sun. Find the distance between the stars if distance between the earth & the sun is R.
D
1.5GM
Q.3 A body is launched from the earth’s surface a an angle =30o to the horizontal at a speed v0= .
R
Neglecting air resistance and earth’s rotation, find (a) the height to which the body will rise. (b) the radius
IN
of curvature of trajectory at its top point.
Q.4 A body is projected vertically upwards from the bottom of a crater of moon of depth R/100 where R is
the radius of moon with a velocity equal to the escape velocity on the surface of moon. Calculate
S
maximum height attained by the body from the surface of the moon.
O
O
T
E
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ANSWER KEY
SECTION-1
SCQ
Q.1 B Q.2 A Q.3 B Q.4 D Q.5 A
Q.6 A Q.7 B Q.8 B Q.9 B Q.10 B
Q.11 B Q.12 A Q.13 C Q.14 A Q.15 D
Q.16 D Q.17 B Q.18 C Q.19 A Q.20 B
Q.21 C Q.22 A
SECTION-2
MCQ
Q.1 A,D Q.2 B,C,D Q.3 A,C Q.4 A,C
IA
Q.5 B,D Q.6 A Q.7 A Q.8 A,D
Q.9 A,B,D Q.10 C
SECTION-3
D
INTEGER
Q.1 6.4km IN Q.2 R
 7 
Q.3 (a) h =  1 R, (b) 1.13R Q.4 h = 99R
 2 
S
O
O
T
E
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Physics: Crash Course For JEE Main 2020

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PHYSICS

Crash Course for

GRAVITATION : Universal Law of Gravitation

Newton's Law of Gravitation in vector form :

(a) Point P inside the sphere. r < a, then

VARIATION OF ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY :

Q.4 A particle of mass M is at a distance a from surface of a thin spherical

(A) Ve = 2V (B) Ve = V (C) Ve = V 2 (D) Ve = 3 V

(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) 1 2 (D) 1 2

Question No. 11 to 12 (2 questions)

(A) 48 hrs (B) 24 hrs (C) 12 hrs (D) never

force of attraction. Ratio of their kinetic energies will be :

Question No. 20 to 21 (2 questions) IN

(A) 1 : 2 (B) 1 : 4 (C) 1 : 8 (D) 1 : 16

Q.2 In side a hollow isolated spherical shell

(D) the linear momentum of S remains constant in magnitude

(A) It must be above the equator at some time

Q.10 Select the correct choice(s):

Q.1 6.4km IN Q.2 R

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