Earth Science - Grade 12

Alternative Delivery Mode

Quarter 1 - Module 4: Energy Resources - Fossil Fuels
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro

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Development Team of the Module

Author: Mercygel R. Dangel

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Arnold Langam, Amelito Bucod

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Schools Division Superintendent

Co-Chairpersons: Alicia E. Anghay, Ph.D., CESE

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 Table of Contents

What This Module is About ................................................................................................................... i

What I Need to Know .............................................................................................................................. i
How to Learn from this Module ............................................................................................................ii
Icons of this Module ................................................................................................................................ii
What I Know ........................................................................................................................................... ..iii

Lesson 1:
Fossil Fuels.................................................................................................................................... 1
What I Need to Know.................................................................................................. 1
What’s New: Fuelled-up Crossword Puzzle ......................................................... 2
What Is It ........................................................................................................................ 3
What’s More: Picture Fuel-fect! ............................................................................... 4
What Is It: Fossil Fuel Formation ............................................................................. 5
What’s New: Let’s Dig Deeper …............................................................................ 6
What I Have Learned: Compare me Not! ............................................................. 7
Fossil Fuel Formation: The Origin of Oil ..................... 8

What I Can Do: Poster Making ................................................................................ 9

Summary ................................................................................................................................................ 10
Assessment: (Post-Test) ................................................................................................................... 11
Key to Answers .................................................................................................................................... 12
References ............................................................................................................................................ 14
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 Module 4
Energy Resources - Fossil Fuels
What This Module is About

This module demonstrates an understanding of the various sources of energy that are
tapped for human use. This module focuses on fossil fuels as source of energy, how these
are formed and extracted. This will also tackle the uses, advantages and disadvantages of
using such source of energy. Moreover, environmental issues and concerns will be given
emphasis at the end of this module.

This module will help you explore earth’s abundance in terms of energy resources, and
how earth produces such energy resource. You will discover and at the end infer why humans
should preserve and conserve natural resources, and the impact of using these resources to
humans and the environment.

This module focuses only on one lesson which is

 Lesson 1: Fossil Fuels

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Describe how fossil fuels are formed. (S11ES-Id-10)

i
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iv
 Picture Perfect No. 2 - PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS FORMATION

Figure 4. Petroleum and Natural Gas Formation

PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS FORMATION STORY BOARD

Layers of silt, sand and
rocks and drilled today to
reach the layer where oil
and gas deposits contains.
Marine plants and animals
lived million years ago, died
and buried on the ocean
floor.
There remains were
covered by layers of sand
and silt over time.
As the remains of the dead
organisms buried deeper
and deeper over millions of
years, it experienced the
extreme heat and pressure
underneath that turned them
into oil and gas.

What Is It

Process of formation of the different types of fossil fuels is almost the same. They both
originated from the remains of living organisms that lived millions of years ago. However, coal
formed from vegetation while oil came from marine organisms. Over millions of years, the
remains of these organisms were buried deeper beneath the earth’s surface as time passes
by. As the remains buried deeper, it will experienced extreme heat and pressure beneath. Due
to high pressure and temperature, this will result to the formation of fossil fuels.
Nowadays, these fossil fuels are drilled and extracted for human used. Coals are
fuelled in power plants to generate electricity. Oils are refined and transformed into usable fuel
like gasoline that fuels your engine. Natural gas is now used for fuel and a source of energy
for electricity.

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 What’s New

Activity 3: Let’s Dig Deeper!

Direction: Let’s gain more knowledge. You may do some research on the web to
complete the table. You need to enumerate at least five uses of each type of fossil fuel. Also,
you need to identify the type of fossil fuel as renewable energy resource or not. Lastly, infer
environmental concerns related to each type of fossil fuel.

Table 1. Energy Type, Uses and Environmental Concerns

Type of Uses Renewable Environmental Concerns

Fossil or Not?
Fuel

Coal

Oil

Natural
Gas

For more information on fossil fuels, visit the following link:

Now that you have discovered further about fossil fuels, let’s test your learning.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQncFcuYWos
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8YHsxXEVB1M
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_PDOD_FEnNk

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Activity 5: Fossil Fuel Formation: The Origin of Oil

Direction: Read carefully the statement in each strips. Arrange them in correct
chronological order of how petroleum forms. Write the chronological order of letters on the
space provided below the table.

A
Oil floats on water, and gas is even lighter than oil, so petroleum and natural gas move upward
within the reservoir rock until they are stopped by an impermeable sedimentary layer such as
shale, which forms a trap.
B
The crude oil is transported to a refinery, where it is separated by distillation and other
processes into fuels such as gasoline, butane, kerosene, liquid petroleum gas, jet fuel, diesel fuel,
fuel oil, and chemicals used to manufacture plastics.
C
Over time, layer upon layer of marine sediments accumulate, containing the remains of
planktonic organisms.
D
With even more heat and pressure, the hydrocarbons are broken down into petroleum (oil)
and natural gas.
E
As the planktonic organisms die, their remains begin to settle to the sea floor under anoxic
conditions (without oxygen).
F
Wells are drilled into the ground in the oil field to extract the petroleum, which is called crude
oil.
G
The story of oil and gas begins with planktonic organisms living in the ocean (or in lakes).
H
With the high temperatures and pressures of greater depth of burial, the kerogen begins to
change into hydrocarbons.
I
More and more petroleum and natural gas accumulate and become concentrated in the trap,
forming an oil field.
J
The petroleum and natural gas migrate into porous and permeable sedimentary rocks such as
sandstone, which serves as a petroleum reservoir rock.
K
Thick sequences of sediments are deposited, and the planktonic organisms buried in them are
heated and compressed until the organic matter begins to change into kerogen, a solid, waxy
organic material.
L
Zooplankton eat phytoplankton (algae) that use the Sun’s energy to produce organic matter
and energy through photosynthesis.
M
Geologists use various tools, such as seismic surveys, to study Earth to locate oil fields
beneath the ground. If a location seems promising, drilling may begin.
Adapted from: https://serc.carleton.edu/integrate/teaching_materials/change_inthe_air/activity4.html

What’s your order?

_________________________________________________________________________

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Summary

1. Fossil fuels are source of energy derived from the fossilized remains of once living
plants and animals million years ago.

2. Fossil Fuels are non-renewable type of energy resource.

3. Fossil fuels are composed of hydrocarbons.

4. There are three types of fossil fuels: coal, oil and natural gas.

5. Coal is a solid rock form of fossil fuel that originated from the dead plant and animal
matter that piled up in layers for over million years ago.

6. Oil also known as petroleum, is a liquid type of fossil fuel composed mostly of
hydrocarbons.

7. Natural gas is a type of fossil fuel that is odorless, colorless hydrocarbon gas. And
is made mostly of methane (CH4).

8. Fossil fuels are commonly used as energy to power engines and other materials at
home and industries for these to work.

9. Fossil fuels as non-renewable source of energy have disadvantages and could

impact negatively to the environment especially during its combustion since it
produces carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
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References

Learning Manual

Alvarez, Liza, Dave Angeles, Hernan Apurada, Ma. Pilar Carmona, Oliver Lahorra, Judith
Marcaida, Ma. Regaele Olarte et al. Science 9 Learner’s Module. Philippines: Department of
Education, 2017.

Websites

———. “Petroleum.” National Geographic Society, January 14, 2013.

https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/petroleum/.

Gore, Pamela. “Unit 4: Fossil Fuel Formation.” Carbon, Climate, and Energy Resources, April
15, 2020.
https://serc.carleton.edu/integrate/teaching_materials/change_inthe_air/activity4.html.

National Geographic Society. “Coal.” National Geographic Society, December 18, 2012.
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/coal/.

National Geographic Society. “Natural Gas.” National Geographic Society, October 9, 2012.
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/natural-gas/.

Nunez, Christina. “Fossil Fuels, Explained.” Fossil fuels-facts and information, April 2, 2019.
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/energy/reference/fossil-fuels/.

Online Videos

———. “Coal, Oil, and Natural Gas”. GeoScience Videos. Posted on November 21,
2014.Youtube video, 6:47. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQncFcuYWos

———. “Formation of Reservoir Rock/ Oil & Gas Animation”. Oil & Gas Videos. Posted on
March 6, 2014.Youtube video, 2:15. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_PDOD_FEnNk

———. ““Oil and Gas Formation”. EarthScience WesternAustralia. Posted on September 5,

2014.Youtube video, 3:04. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8YHsxXEVB1M

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E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph