Name: Lujain Mohammed Alsyouf

ID: 20100429

Section: 1

Course: 2

Experiment: 5

Hydrolysis Of Salt"
And The Action Of
"Buffer Solution
:Aim
To learn about the concept of hydrolysis and to gain familiarity with the
behavior of buffer solutions

:Results, calculations and discussion

A. Hydrolysis of Salts

Table I

Solution Ion expected Spectator

(0.1 M) to hydrolyze ion(s)

NaCl

Na2CO3 CO32‾ Na+

NaC2H3O2

NH4Cl

ZnCl2

KAl(SO4)2 Al3+ K+, SO42‾

B- The Action of a Buffer Solution

Table IV

pH on addition of pH on addition of
0.1 M NaOH to 0.1 M HCl to
Volume (total)
/ mL buffer pure water buffer pure water

0.0 7.4 7.06 7.40 7.06

7.47 10.84 7.31 3.44

1 drop
7.56 11.86 7.13 2.72
1.0 mL
10.79 12.36 5.81 1.99
5.0 mL

Questions

i) Compare the changes in pH upon addition of NaOH to water and to

buffer
solution:

When NaOH is added to water PH is increase fastly, but when NaOH is added
to buffer solution the PH increase slowly, because buffer solution insists the
change in PH.

ii) Compare the changes in pH upon addition of HCl to water and to

buffer
solution:

When HCl is added to water PH is decrease fastly, but when HCl is added to
buffer solution the PH decrease slowly, because buffer solution insists the
change in PH.
:Points to discuss
Salts are the products formed in neutralization reactions of acids and -
.bases and they contain an "anion" part and a "cation" part

Hydrolysis reactions: are the reactions of ions with water are frequently -
called

Salt of a strong acid and a strong base: Examples: NaCl, KBr, and Ba(NO 3)2. -
.Neither the cation nor anion hydrolyses, and the solution has a pH of 7

Salt of a strong acid and a weak base: Examples: NH4Br, ZnCl2, and -
Al(NO3)3. The cation hydrolyzes, forming H+ ions, and the solution has a pH
.less than 7

Salt of a weak acid and a strong base: Examples: NaNO2, KC2H3O2, and -
Ca(OCl)2. The anion hydrolyzes, forming OH‾ ions, and the solution has a
.pH greater than 7

Salt of a weak acid and a weak base: Examples: NH4F, NH4C2H3O2, and -
Zn(NO2)2. Both ions hydrolyze. The pH of solution is determined by the
.relative extent to which each ion hydrolyzes

In part one we used different indicators and which have different amount of -
PH and different colors in the different solutions, methyl red (4.2−6.3)
bromothymol blue (6.0−7.6), and phenolphthalein (8.3−10.0)

A buffer solution has the important property of resisting large changes in pH -

upon the addition of small amounts of strong acids or bases. A buffer solution
must have two components– one that will react with H +, and the other that
will react with OH‾. The two components of a buffer solution are usually a
.weak acid and its conjugate base or weak base and its conjugate acid

When we add a strong base to the buffer solution the acid will react with OH
;as following

OH‾ (aq) + HC2H3O2 (aq) → C2H3O2‾ (aq) + H2O (l)

If H+ are added, they react with the base component of the buffer:

H+ (aq) + C2H3O2‾ (aq) → HC2H3O2 (aq)

:Errors and sources of errors
Errors in this experiment are possible, in our PH calculations the PH for -
the pure water was not exactly the same =7 and that can effects on the
.calculations

Moreover before transporting chemicals into the same baker we -

should rinse the baker with distilled water first to avoid getting wrong
.PH readings

We should not readjust the knobs because the PH- meter has been -
.standardized

We should take care of adding the right amounts of quantities and the -
suitable concentrations as well , also we should be careful while taking
.readings by the PH meter

:Conclusion
In the end of the experiment we learnt about the concept of hydrolysis and
that every salt that contain a week anion or cation makes different kinds of
solution during hydrolysis (acidic, Basic, or neutral solutions). Weak cations
makes acidic solutions PH<7 , weak anions makes basic solutions PH>7 and
strong acids or bases do not hydrolysis and give neutral solutions PH=7. We
also learnt about how do buffer solutions can resist the large change of the PH
.during the addition of small amount of strong acid or base