ME 521:POWERPLANT ENGINEERING

Gas Turbine
Cycle
 Gas Turbine:

ME33Powerplant
ME 521: : Fluid Flow Engineering 2 Chapter 2: Properties of Fluids
Gas Turbine Cycle
 Gas Turbine:

Process 1-2: Isentropic Compression (in a compressor)

Process 2-3: Constant Pressure Heat Addition (in a combustor)
Process 3-4: Isentropic Expansion (in a turbine)
Process 4-1: Constant Pressure Heat Rejection

ME33Powerplant
ME 521: : Fluid Flow Engineering 3 Chapter 2: Properties of Fluids
Gas Turbine Cycle
 Analysis of Gas Turbine Cycle:
Process 2-3: Isentropic Compression: 𝒔 = 𝑪
𝒌−𝟏
𝑻𝟐 𝑷𝟐 𝒌
=
𝑻𝟏 𝑷𝟏
𝑷𝟐
= 𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐 = 𝒓𝒑
𝑷𝟏
𝑻𝟐 𝒌−𝟏
= 𝒓𝒑 𝒌
𝑻𝟏

Compressor Work:

𝑾𝒄 = 𝒎𝑪𝒑 ∆𝑻 = 𝒎𝑪𝒑 (𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟏 )

ME33Powerplant
ME 521: : Fluid Flow Engineering 4 Chapter 2: Properties Gas
of Fluids
Turbine
 Analysis of Gas Turbine Cycle:
Process 2-3: Constant Pressure Heat Addition: 𝑷 = 𝑪
Heat Added, 𝑸:
𝑸𝑨 = 𝒎𝑪𝒑 ∆𝑻 = 𝒎𝑪𝒑 (𝑻𝟑 − 𝑻𝟐 )
Process 3-4: Isentropic Expansion: 𝒔 = 𝑪
Turbine Work, 𝑾𝒕 :
𝑾𝒕 = 𝒎𝑪𝒑 ∆𝑻 = 𝒎𝑪𝒑 (𝑻𝟑 − 𝑻𝟒 )
Net Work, 𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 :
𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝑾𝒕 − 𝑾𝒄
𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝒎𝑪𝒑 (𝑻𝟑 − 𝑻𝟒 ) − 𝒎𝑪𝒑 (𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟏 )
Process 4-1 : Constant Pressure Heat Rejection: 𝑷 = 𝑪
Heat Rejected, 𝑸:
𝑸𝑹 = 𝒎𝑪𝒑 ∆𝑻 = 𝒎𝑪𝒑 (𝑻𝟒 − 𝑻𝟏 )
ME33Powerplant
ME 521: : Fluid Flow Engineering 5 Chapter 2: Properties Gas
of Fluids
Turbine
 Analysis of Gas Turbine Cycle:
Thermal Efficiency, 𝜼𝒕 :

𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 𝒎𝑪𝒑 (𝑻𝟑 − 𝑻𝟒 ) − 𝒎𝑪𝒑 (𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟏 )

𝜼𝒕 = =
𝑸 𝒎𝑪𝒑 (𝑻𝟑 − 𝑻𝟐 )
𝟏
𝜼𝒕 = 𝟏 − 𝒌−𝟏
𝒓𝒑 𝒌
From Isentropic Expansion For Maximum Work:
and Compression:
𝑻𝟏
𝑻𝟐 𝑻𝟑 𝑻𝟐 =
= 𝑻𝟑
𝑻𝟏 𝑻𝟒
𝑷𝟐
= 𝒓𝒑
𝑷𝟏

ME33Powerplant
ME 521: : Fluid Flow Engineering 6 Chapter 2: Properties Gas
of Fluids
Turbine
 Analysis of Gas Turbine Cycle:
Problem 1:
In a gas turbine unit, air enters the combustion chamber at 550 kPa, 277°C and 43
m/s. The products of combustion leave the combustor at 511 kPa, 1004°C, and 180 m/s.
Liquid fuel enters with a heating value of 43000 kJ/kg. For fuel ratio of 0.0299, what is the
combustor efficiency of the unit in percent?
Solution:
𝑄 = 𝑚𝑓 𝐻𝑉 Combustor Efficiency:
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽 742.28
𝑄 = 0.0299 43000 = 984.7 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = = 𝟕𝟓. 𝟑𝟖%
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 984.7
Heat absorbed from fuel:
𝑄 1
= 𝐶𝑝 𝑇3 − 𝑇2 + 𝑉2 2 − 𝑉1 2
𝑚 2
𝑄 1 2 2
= 1.0 1004 − 277 + 180 − 43
𝑚 2(1000)
𝑄 𝑘𝐽
= 742.28 𝑎𝑖𝑟
𝑚 𝑘𝑔

ME33Powerplant
ME 521: : Fluid Flow Engineering 7 Chapter 2: Properties Gas
of Fluids
Turbine