Tavi 2.

SromiTi resursebi da SromiTi potenciali

2.1. mosaxleoba da SromiTi resursebi

Sromis bazris formirebis ganmsazRvreli faqtori mosaxleobis ricxovnoba,

misi demografiuli da profesiul-kvalificiuri struqturaa.
mosaxleoba aris mocemul teritoriaze mcxovreb adamianTa erToblioba,
romelTac aqvs TviTaRwarmoebis (TviTgamravlebis) unari. mosaxleobis
aRwarmoeba ki TaobaTa uwyveti ganaxlebis procesia. is SeiZleba iyos Sekvecili,
martivi da gafarToebuli. im SemTxvevaSi, roca mosaxleobaSi dabadebaTa ricxvi
metia gardacvlilebze, adgili aqvs gafarToebul aRwarmoebas, piriqiT
SemTxvevaSi–Sekvecil aRwarmoebas, xolo im dros, roca Svilebis Taoba
ricxobrivad imdenivea, ramdenic mSobelTa raodenoba, adgili aqvs mosaxleobis
martiv aRwarmoebas.1 A
mosaxleobis aRwarmoebis gansazRvrisaTvis gamoiyeneba mosaxleobis iseTi
maCveneblebi, rogoricaa: Sobadobis jamobrivi koeficienti, an kidev,
mosaxleobis aRwarmoebis neto koeficienti.
Sobadobis jamobrivi koeficienti (kS.j)gviCvenebs erTi qalis mier mTeli
sicocxlis manZilze dabadebuli bavSvebis saSualo raodenobas. roca kS.j >4,
iTvleba, rom Sobadobis done maRalia, xolo roca kS.j <2,15-ze _ Sobadobis
arsebuli done martiv aRwarmoebasac ver uzrunvelyofs.
Mmosaxleobis aRwarmoebis neto-koeficienti (Rneto) gviCvenebs, ramdenad
enacvleba gogonaTa Taoba dedaTa Taobas. magaliTad, 2014 wlisaTvis
saqarTveloSi neto koeficienti 1,039-ia, rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom gogonaTa
Taoba dedebis Taobas 103,9% Secvlis.
im SemTxvevaSi, roca Rneto < 1 adgili aqvs Sekvecil aRwarmoebas; roca Rneto=1,
adgili aqvs martiv aRwarmoebas; roca Rneto>1 - gvaqvs gafarToebuli
aRwarmoeba.
mosaxleobis aRwarmoebis procesebis Seswavlas didi mniSvneloba aqvs
imdenad, ramdenadac mosaxleoba aris SromiTi resursebis formirebis wyaro da
Sesabamisad, misi ricxovnoba da struqtura mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens
warmoebis umniSvnelovanesi faqtoris, samuSao Zalis ricxovnobasa da
struqturaze.
termini `SromiTi resursebi~ pirvelad 1922 wels gamoiyena cnobilma mec-
nierma a. strumilinma, ris Semdegac is farTod gavrcelda msoflio ekonomikur
literaturaSi. SromiTi resursebi mosaxleobis Sromisunariani nawilia, rome-
lic flobs SromisaTvis saWiro fizikur da inteleqtualur unars, ris meSveo-
biTac awarmoebs materialur dovlaTs an momsaxurebas. Sromisunarianobas gan-
sazRvravs adamianis fsiqofiziologiuri da inteleqtualuri Tvisebebi.
samuSaos xasiaTis mixedviT Sromisunarianoba aris saerTo, profesiuli da
specialuri.
saerTo Sromis unaris mqone adamiani asrulebs raime samuSaos Cveulebriv
pirobebSi, profesiuli Sromis unaris mqone _ gansazRvrul profesiul saqmia-
nobas eweva, xolo specialuri Sromis unaris mqone adamians samuSaos Sesruleba
1
es sakiTxebi ufro dawvrilebiT Seiswavleba saganSi `demografia~, `mosaxleobis ekonomika~.
SeuZlia specifikur sawarmoo an klimatur pirobebSi (magaliTad, miwisqveSa sa-
muSaoebze, maRalmTian raionebSi da a.S.)
Sesrulebuli samuSaos moculobis mixedviT ganasxvaveben srul da aras-
rul anu SezRuduli Sromis unaris mqone adamianebs.
SromiTi resursebis ZiriTad nawils Sromis asakis adamianebi Seadgenen.
Sromis asaki sxvadasxva qveyanaSi erTnairi araa. Mmisi qveda zRvari bevr
qveyanaSi da, maT Soris, saqarTveloSic 16 welia. rac Seexeba Sromis asakis
zeda zRvars, is bevr qveyanaSi gansxvavebulia. amJamad, yvelaze metad
gavcelebuli sapensio asakia 60 weli-qalebisaTvis, 65 weli-mamakacebisaTvis.
2016 wlisaTvis yvelaze meti sapensio asaki iaponiaSia (70 weli), saqar-
TveloSi sapensio asaki qalebisaTvis-60, mamakacebisaTvis-65 welia.
Sromis asakis gansazRvrisas gaiTvaliswineba mosaxleobis janmrTelobis
done, sicocxlis saSualo mosalodneli xangrZlivoba da dasaqmebis strategiu-
li politika. magaliTad, yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi XX saukunis 30-ian wlebSi
sapensio asakad qalebisaTvis dadginda 55 weli da mamakacebisaTvis 60 weli. es
ganpirobebuli iyo imiT, rom jer erTi, mosaxleobis sicocxlis saSualo mosa-
lodneli xangrZlivoba im periodSi xanmokle, 45 weli iyo, amasTan, daCqarebu-
li industrializaciis procesi kadrebis swraf cvlas moiTxovda.
`SromiTi resursebi~ Tavisi arsiT axlos dgas `samuSao ZalasTan~, rome-
lic Tanamedrove Sromis ekonomikis saxelmZRvaneloebSi asea gansazRvruli: `es
aris 16 wels gadacilebuli mosaxleoba, romelic dasaqmebulia an aqtiurad
eZebs samuSaos.2 misgan gansxvavebiT SromiTi resursebi mosaxleobis is nawilia,
romelic ormxrivadaa asakobrivi zRvariT Semofargluli.

2
Эренберг Р. Дж., Смит Р.С. – Совеременная экономика Труда. М., МГУ. 1996. с.34.
ix. aseve Tema-4. danarTi-1.

2
 2.2. mosaxleobis SromiTi struqtura

ganviTarebuli sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi, mosaxleobis dayofa SromiTi

niSniT emyareba ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis princips. kerZod, aravinaa valdebuli,
imuSaos mxolod imitom, rom janmrTelia an Sromis asakSia da aravinaa
valdebuli, gavides pansiaSi imitom, rom is sapensio asakisaa. damqiravebels ara
aqvs ufleba momuSave sapensio asakis gamo gaaTavisuflos Tu es SromiTi
kontraqtiT araa gaTvaliswinebuli.
sqematurad mosaxleobis SromiTi struqtura SeiZleba ase warmovidginoT:

sqema 2.2.1. mosaxleobis SromiTi struqtura

institucionaluri mosaxleoba – mosaxleobis is nawilia, romelic

mudmivad cxovrobs:
- saskolo tipis pansionebsa da bavSvTa saxlebSi;
- moxucTa da invalidTa saxlebSi;
- religiur dawesebulebebSi;
-sapatimroebsa da sxva gamosasworebel dawesebulebebSi.
1990-ian wlebSi mosaxleobis SromiTi struqturis aRricxva miesadaga sa-
erTaSoriso aRricxvis sistemas, romelic mosaxleobis arainstitucionalur
nawils orad hyofs: ekonomikurad aqtiur da ekonomikurad araaqtiur mosaxleo-
bad.
ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleoba moicavs dasaqmebulebs da umuSevrebs, e. i.
im kontingents, romelic bazars sTavazobs Tavis Sromas.
ekonomikurad araaqtiur mosaxleobaSi Sedis:
 moswavleebi da studentebi;
 pirebi, vinc iReben SromiT an invalidobis pensias;
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  diasaxlisebi, ojaxis avadmyofi wevris movliT dakavebuli pirebi;
 samuSaos is maZieblebi, romelTac dakarges misi povnis imedi, Tumca mzad
arian imuSaon;
 pirebi, romlebic iZulebis wesiT gadian mkurnalobis kurss;
 pirebi, romlebsac arsebuli Semosavlebis gamo ar surT muSaoba.

mosaxleobis ekonomikuri aqtiurobis saerTo done ganisazRvreba formu-

liT:
E1= E/P*100%, (2.2.1) sadac
E1 – mosaxleobis ekonomikuri aqtiurobis saerTo donea (%);
E – ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleobis ricxovnobaa (aTasi kaci);
P – mosaxleobis ricxovnobaa (aTasi kaci).
saerTaSoriso praqtikaSi da maT Soris saqarTveloSic qveynis mosaxleobis
ekonomikuri aqtiurobis dones angariSoben 15 wlisa da ufrosi asakis
mosaxleobasTan mimarTebaSi. anu mosaxleobis im asakobriv jgufTan mimarTebaSi
vinc uda, an SeiZleba iyos aqtiuri. aseT SemTxvevaSi qveynis mosaxleobis
ekonomikuri aqtiurobis done iangariSeba formuliT:

E2= E/P15+*100% (2.2.2), sadac

E2 – mosaxleobis ekonomikuri aqtiurobis donea (%);
E – ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleobis ricxovnobaa (aTasi kaci);
P15+ – 15 wlisa da ufrosi asakis mosaxleobis ricxovnobaa (aTasi kaci).

2.3. SromiTi resursebis gazomva

SromiTi resursebis absoluturi ricxovnoba ganisazRvreba Semdegnairad:

Sromis asakis Sromisunarian mosaxleobas gamoakldeba I da II jgufis umuSevari
invalidebi, aseve gamoakldeba SeRavaTiani sapensio asakis pirebi, romlebic ar
muSaoben, daemateba momuSave mozardebi da momuSave pensionerebi.
SromiTi resursebis dinamika, garkveuli periodis manZilze xasiaTdeba Sem-
degi maCveneblebiT: SromiTi resursebis absoluturi zrda, zrdis tempi da ma-
tebis tempi.
SromiTi resursebis absoluturi zrdis maCvenebeli gaiangariSeba gansaxil-
veli periodis dasawyissa da bolos SromiTi resursebis ricxovnobas Soris
sxvaobiT.
T=R1- Ro (2.3.1), sadac
R1 – SromiTi resursebis ricxovnobaa mocemuli periodis bolos,
Ro _SromiTi resursebis ricxovnobaa mocemuli periodis dasawyisSi.

meore maCvenebeli- SromiTi resursebis zrdis tempi ganisazRvreba periodis

bolos SromiTi resursebis ricxovnobis SefardebiT periodis dasawyisSi mis
raodenobasTan. e.i.
R1
T . (2.3.2)
R0

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 ramdenime wlisTvis aRniSnuli maCvenebeli gaiangariSeba rogorc saSualo
geometriuli. e.i.
A

(2.3.3),

sadac n– wlebis raodenobaa.

SromiTi resursebis saSualo wliuri matebis tempi ki gaiangariSeba for-
muliT:

(2.3.4)

2.4. SromiTi resursebis formireba

SromiTi resursebis Seswavlisas uaRresad didi mniSvneloba aqvs misi for-

mirebis anu SromiTi resursebis aRwarmoebis Seswavlas. am mizniT saWiroa, ga-
nisazRvros SromiTi resursebis struqtura da gamovlindes is faqtorebi, rom-
lebic SromiTi resursebis struqturaze moqmedeben.
SromiTi resursebis struqturas Seiswavlian sqesis, asakis, ganaTlebis,
erovnebis, dasaqmebis, sacxovrebeli adgilis da sxva niSniT (sqema 2.4.1).

sqema 2.4.1. SromiTi resursebis struqtura

sqesis mixedviT Seswavlisas ganisazRvreba qalebisa da mamakacebis wili Sro-

miT resursebSi. magaliTad, 2014 wels Sromis asakis mosaxleobaSi qalebis wi-
li 49% iyo, 2002w. _50 %.
asakis mixedviT gamoyofen SromiTi resursebis Semdeg ZiriTad jgufebs:
a)Sromisunariani asakis, b)Sromisasakamdeli; g)Sromis asakgadacilebuli. garda
amisa, SromiTi resursebis asakobrivi struqturis Seswavlisas gamoyofen Semdeg
asakobriv jgufebs: a)16-29 weli _ axalgazrdoba; b) 30-49w. _ Sua asaki; g)
50-64 w. _ winasapensio asaki; zogjer gamoyofen 50 wels gadacilebul asakob-
riv jgufs, romelsac `mesame asakis~ mosaxleobasac uwodeben.
mocemuli asakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT SromiTi resursebis analizi saSu-
alebas iZleva, ganisazRvros axalgazrdobis wili SromiT resursebSi, Sefasdes
SromiTi resursebis daberebis procesi da a.S. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu 40-64 wlis
5
asakobrivi jgufis wili sistematurad izrdeba, mimdinareobs SromiTi resurse-
bis dabereba, rac gaiangariSeba formuliT:

W40-64
CSr .r .sib.  .100% (2.4.1), sadac
W1664
CSr.r.sib. _ SromiTi resursebis siberis koeficienti;
W40-64 _ 40-64 wlis asakobrivi jgufis ricxovnobaa (kaci);
W16-64 _ 16-64 wlis asakobrivi jgufis ricxovnobaa (kaci).
SromiTi resursebis sqesobriv-asakobrivi struqturis formirebaze did
gavlenas axdens qveyanaSi mimdinare demografiuli procesebi. kerZod, Sobadoba,
mokvdaoba, asakobrivi struqtura da migracia.
roca qveyanaSi Sobadobis done maRalia, SromiT resursebSi izrdeba axal-
gazrdobis wilic, Tumca es ar xdeba mosaxleobis zrdis paralelurad, es pro-
cesi SromiT resursebze garkveuli drois Semdeg aisaxeba. xangrZlivi periodis
manZilze Sobadobis maRali done zrdis Sromis asakSi myof mosaxleobas, rome-
lic am procesis gamo axalgazrdulia, rac gaiTvaliswineba kidec dasaqmebis po-
litikis gansazRvrisas.
mokvdaoba maSin axdens gavlenas SromiTi resursebis ricxovnobaze, Tuki is
maRalia Sua asakobriv jgufebSi. sapensio asakis mosaxleobaSi mokvdaobis zrda
gavlenas ar axdens SromiTi resursebis ricxovnobis cvlilebaze, xolo Cvil
bavSvTa mokvdaobis maRali maCvenebeli amcirebs mosaxleobis sicocxlianobis
maCvenebels (Kdabadebuli/Kgardacvlili) da garkveuli periodis Semdeg amcirebs
Sromis asakis mosaxleobis raodenobas.
arsebuli asakobrivi struqtura xSirad gansazRvravs SromiT resursebSi
dasaqmebulTa wilsac. kerZod, cnobilia, rom 25 wlamde axalgazrdoba, faqtob-
rivad, swavliTaa dakavebuli da ver erTveba SromiT procesSi, rac amcirebs am
kontingentis wils dasaqmebul mosaxleobaSi. cnobilia isic, rom yvelaze maRa-
li mwarmoeblurobiT gamoirCeva 30-45 wlis asakobrivi jgufi. amitom misi ma-
Rali wili SromiT resursebSi, efeqtiani dasaqmebis SemTxvevaSi, maRali Sromis
mwarmoeblurobis sawindaria.
SromiTi resursebis raodenobis cvlilebaze mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens
migraciac.
migracia aris ama Tu im teritoriis farglebs gareT adamianTa (migrantTa)
gadaadgileba, romelsac Tan sdevs sacxovrebeli adgilis Secvla samudamod an
met-naklebad xangrZlivi droiT.
migraciis identifikaciis ZiriTadi kriteriumebia: manZili (sazRvris
gadakveTa), dro da mizezebi.
drois kriteriumi dakavSirebulia migrantis adgilze CasvlasTan da igi
SeiZleba meryeobdes ramdenime saaTidan mraval wlamde, an individis mTel
darCenil sicocxlemde. amitom dgeba sakiTxi, gadaadgilebuli piri migrantad
rom CaiTvalos, ra dro unda imyofebodes sxva adgilze. drois SedarebiT mcire
xangrZlivobis mixedviT gamoyofen agreTve sezonur migracias da qanqarisebur
migracias.
sezonuri migracia dakavSirebulia samuSao Zalis sezonur moTxovna-
miwodebasTan.

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 qanqarisebur migracias miekuTvneba mosaxleobis perioduli gadaadgileba
(yoveldRiuri an yovelkvireuli gadaadgileba) samuSaod an saswavleblad erTi
dasaxlebuli punqtidan meoreSi. igi ufro didi qalaqebis gareubnebisaTvisaa
damaxasiaTebeli.
migraciis identifikaciis kriteriumia, agreTve, misi mizezebi. miRebulia,
rom migraciis ZiriTadi mizezebia samuSaos Zebna, socialuri, ekonomikuri da
profesiuli mobilobis moTxovna, ojaxis Seqmna, sabinao pirobebis Secvla (binis
yidva, memkvidreobiT miReba an dabali saarendo gadasaxadi); cxovrebis pirobebis
gaumjobeseba (klimati, garemo, transporti, momsaxureba da a.S); politikuri
arastabiluroba, eTnokonfliqtebi, samoqalaqo omebi, samxedro okupacia, da a.S.
am TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebiT gamoiyofa saerTaSoriso iZulebiTi migracia
(ltolvilebi).
migrantTa saerTo ricxovnobas, romelic garkveul droSi (TveSi,
weliwadSi) gadadis sacxovreblad erTidan meore dasaxlebul punqtSi_ ewodeba
migraciuli nakadi.
mocemuli dasaxlebuli punqtidan (qveynidan) wasulTa da Camosul nakadTa
sxvaobas ewodeba `migraciis saldo~an `migraciuli zrda~an `wminda migracia~;
xolo jams_`saerTo~ an `mTliani~ migracia.
gansakuTrebuli kriteriumebia gamoyenebuli saerTaSoriso migraciis
identifikaciisas. maT Soris, ZiriTad kriteriums `moqalaqeoba~ warmoadgens,
aseve, dabadebis adgili, cxovrebis xangrZlivoba da Camosvlis mizani. e.i. Tu
migrantis gadaadgileba xdeba saxelmwifo sazRvris gadakveTiT, es ukve gare
(saerTaSoriso) migraciaa.
rogorc wesi, migraciuli procesebi ZiriTadad axalgazrda asakobriv jgu-
febs moicavs. amitom im SemTxvevaSi, roca emigracia masStaburia, bunebrivia,
SromiTi resursebis ricxovnoba, sxva Tanabar pirobebSi, proporciulad mcirde-
ba da SromiTi resursebic berdeba. da piriqiT, Tu imigraciuli procesebi War-
bobs, maSin igive pirobiT Sromisunariani mosaxleobis raodenoba izrdeba da
SromiTi resursebis gaaxalgazrdavebac mimdinareobs.
SromiTi resursebis formirebisas metad didi mniSvneloba aqvs imas, rogo-
ria maTi ganaTlebis done. amis mixedviT SromiT resursebs Seiswavlian Semdegi
niSnebiT: dawyebiTi, zogadi saSualo, saSualo-profesiuli, saSualo-teqnikuri,
arasruli umaRlesi da umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqone. garda amisa, gansazRvraven
rogoria swavlis saSualo xangrZlivoba erT kacze da rogoria umaRlesi ganaT-
lebis mqoneTa wili mTel mosaxleobaSi.
UaRsaniSnavia, rom Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso migracia xasiaTdeba e.w.
`tvinebis gadinebis~ tendenciiT, e.i. migrantTa Soris ganaTlebis maRali donisa
da kvalifikaciis pirTa wilis zrdiT; amJamad mimdinareobs maRalkvali-
ficirebuli specialistebis daubrunebeli migracia (mecnierebi, inJinrebi, eqimebi
da a.S.), amas emateba potenciur specialistTa (studentebis, doqtorantebis,
staJiorebis) migraciac, romelTa mimarT tardeba maTi mizidvis mizanmimarTuli
politika ganviTarebuli qveynebis da, gansakuTrebiT, aSS-s mier. bolo 30
weliwadSi ganviTarebadma qveynebma `tvinebis gadinebiT” 60 miliard dolarze
meti dakarges. socialisturi sistemis daSlis Semdeg dasavleTs `tvinebiT”
aqtiurad amaragebs yofili socialisturi qveynebi. bunebrivia, es uaryofiTad

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aisaxeba migrantTa gamgzavni qveynebis SromiTi resursebis profesiul-
kvalificiur struqturaze.

2.5. SromiTi resursebis ganawileba

SromiTi resursebis ganawileba sxvadasxvagvarad xdeba. yvelaze detalurad

igi Seiswavleba saqmianobis saxeebis mixedviT. kerZod, romel seqtorSi (saxel-
mwifo Tu kerZo), ekonomikis romel dargSi ra profesiisa da kvalifikaciis
mqone adamianTa ra nawilia dasaqmebuli; maT Soris, ramdenia fizikuri da ramde-
ni gonebrivi SromiT dakavebuli, rogori samuSao reJimiT muSaoben isini da a.S.
calkeuli seqtorebis Tu dargebis mixedviT SromiTi resursebis Tanafar-
doba xSirad damokidebulia ekonomikis struqturaze, Sromis bazarze arsebul
mdgomareobasa da mTel rig sxva faqtorebze. zogjer SromiTi resursebis gana-
wilebas swavloben sqesis, asakis, ganaTlebis donis, calkeuli teritoriebis mi-
xedviT. am ukanasknels _ SromiTi resursebis regionul ganawilebas ganapiro-
bebs regionebSi warmoebis ganviTarebis done, misi struqturuli Taviseburebani
da ekonomikuri koniunqtura.
SromiTi resursebis formirebisa da ganawilebis sakiTxis Seswavla saSua-
lebas iZleva, sworad daigegmos misi efeqtiani gamoyeneba; gaangariSdes SromiTi
resursebis prognozuli raodenoba, rogorc moklevadiani, ise grZelvadiani per-
speqtivisaTvis. amisaTvis ki didi mniSvneloba aqvs Sromis procesis swor ana-
lizs, romelic, Tavis mxriv, saSualebas iZleva, ganisazRvros: a) ra profesiisa
da kvalifikaciis samuSao Zalazea moTxovna calkeul dargebsa Tu sawarmoebSi
da ra raodenobiT iqneba is saWiro momavalSi; b)sad da rogor moxdes SromiTi
resursebis saWiro raodenobis moZieba da g) ra ekonomikuri programebi unda
ganxorcieldes saWiro resursebis mosapoveblad.
qveynis ekonomikur ganviTarebaSi SromiTi resursebis mniSvnelobaze swor
warmodgenas iZleva SromiTi potenciali.

2.6. SromiTi potenciali

SromiTi potenciali adamianuri potencialis nawilia, romelic formirdeba

misi bunebrivi monacemebis (niWis), ganaTlebis, aRzrdis da cxovrebiseuli ga-
mocdilebis safuZvelze. igi mosaxleobis warmoebaSi Cabmis zRvruli sididea mi-
si fsiqofiziologiuri Taviseburebebis, profesiuli codnisa da SeZenili Cveve-
bis gaTvaliswinebiT.
SromiTi potenciali Tavisi arsiT axlosaa cnebasTan `adamianuri resurse-
bi~. am ukanasknels xSirad iyeneben dasavlur ekonomikur litereturaSi. amave
dros is ufro farTo Sinaarsisaa, vidre samuSao Zala da adamianuri kapitali.
kerZod, Tu samuSao Zala xasiaTdeba niSnebiT_janmrTeloba, ganaTleba, profesi-
onalizmi, adamianuri kapitali ki am niSnebTan erTad moicavs bunebrivi SesaZ-
leblobebsac (niWi da mobiloba).
SromiTi potenciali zemoT CamoTvlil niSnebTan erTad xasiaTdeba iseTi
niSniTac, rogoricaa TviTrealizaciis unari. es ukanaskneli, Tavis mxriv, gu-
lisxmobs aqtivobas, organizebulobas, SemoqmedebiTobas, adamianebTan urTierTo-

8
bis unars da a.S. Tanafardoba SromiT potencials, samuSao Zalasa da adamianur
kapitals Soris Semdegnairad gamoixateba (ix. sqema 2.6.1):

sqema 2.6.1.
Tanafardoba SromiT potencials, samuSao Zalasa da adamianur kapitals Soris

aRsaniSnavia, rom adamianuri kapitalis sidide ganisazRvreba im fuladi

saxsrebiT, romelic gamoiyofa adamianis Sromis unaris Seqmnasa da realizacia-
ze, e.i. is aris fuladi saxsrebi, romelic ixarjeba adamianis janmrTelobaze,
ganaTlebaze, bunebriv SesaZleblobaTa ganviTarebaze.
SromiTi potenciali Seiswavleba sam doneze:
1)calkeuli momuSavis; 2)sawarmos, firmis; 3)sazogadoebis.
calkeuli adamianis, momuSavis SromiTi potencialis daxasiaTebisas, upir-
veles yovlisa, unda Sefasdes misi janmrTelobis done. es xdeba Sromisunaria-
nobis xangrZlivobis gansazRvriT. rac Seexeba momuSavis ganaTlebis dones, igi
Sefasdeba skolasa Tu sxva saswavleblebSi swavlis xangrZlivobiT an
swavlebaze finansuri danaxarjebiT. xolo profesionalizmis Sefasebisas gasaT-
valiswinebelia kvalifikaciis done.
adamianis TviTrealizaciis unaris SefasebisaTvis, Seiswavleba misi xasia-
Ti, ramdenad mowesrigebuli, iniciativiani da SemoqmedebiTia igi, rogori urTi-
erToba aqvs garSemo myofebTan, rogoria misi zneobrivi kriteriumebi da, bo-
los, ramden xans aris is mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi dasaqmebuli.
adamianis SromiTi potenciali mudmivad icvleba. SeiZleba igi gaizardos
ganaTlebis donis amaRlebasTan erTad an SeiZleba Semcirdes, Tu misi janmrTe-
loba gauaresda an SromiTi cxovrebis mZime pirobebi aqvs.
sawarmos SromiTi potencialis gansazRvrisas janmrTelobis done Sefasdeba
samuSao drois im danakargebiT, romelic sawarmos personalis avadmyofobis an
sawarmoo travmis gamo dagrovda. SeiZleba ganisazRvros im xarjis raodenobi-
Tac, romelic warmoebaSi momuSaveTa jandacvas moxmarda. rac Seexeba ganaTlebis
dones, is fasdeba sawarmos mier momuSaveTa kvalifikaciis amaRlebaze gaweuli
xarjiT, sawarmoo personalSi saSualo da umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqone adamianTa
wiliT. xolo sawarmoo koleqtivis profesionalizmi fasdeba produqciis xaris-
xiT, wuniT gamowveuli danakargebis sididiT. TviTrealizaciis unarze ki miuTi-
Tebs iseTi maCveneblebi, rogoricaa gamogonebaTa da racionalur winadadebaTa

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raodenoba, axal nakeTobaTa gamoSvebis sixSire, Sromis disciplinis darRveviT
miRebuli zarali.
sazogadoebis SromiTi potenciali damokidebulia qveynis ekonomikur ganvi-
Tarebasa da sazogadoebis inteleqtualur doneze. janmrTelobis donis mixedviT
is fasdeba iseTi maCveneblebiT, rogoricaa mosaxleobis sicocxlis saSualo mo-
salodneli xangrZlivoba, qveynis biujetidan jandacvaze gaweuli saxsrebis rao-
denoba, mokvdaobis asakobrivi maCveneblebi; ganaTlebis done – ganaTlebaze gawe-
uli xarjebis wiliT saxelmwifo biujetSi da swavlis saSualo xangrZlivobiT.
profesionalizmi SeiZleba SevafasoT eqsportiT miRebuli SemosavlebiTa
da avariiT gamowveuli zaraliT. sazogadoebis TviTrealizaciis unari _ paten-
tTa da saerTaSoriso premiebis raodenobiT saSualod erT mcxovrebze, mecnie-
rul-teqnikuri progresis tempiT, kanonmdeblobis xarisxiT, gzebisa da tran-
sportis xarisxiT, dasaqmebis doniT da samuSao drois efeqtiani gamoyenebiT.
raodenobrivad SromiTi potenciali izomeba kac/sT-Si. iTvleba, rom es maC-
venebeli kargad asaxavs SromiTi potencialis cvlilebas droSi da saSualebas
iZleva, misi gaangariSebisas is adamianebic ki moicvas, visac mTeli wlis manZil-
ze erTi saaTi mainc aqvT namuSevari.
sawarmoSi SromiTi potencialis gaangariSeba xdeba Semdegi formuliT:

Ф  Z  D  Tc , (2.6.1), sadac
Z _ momuSaveTa raodenobaa (kaci);
DD _ samuSao dReebis ricxvi (dRe);
Tc _ samuSao dRis xangrZlivoba (sT).
sazogadoebis SromiTi potenciali gaiangariSeba ase:
m
Ф   Z i  T , (2.6.2) sadac
i 1

Zi _ erovnul ekonomikaSi monawileobis SemZle mosaxleobis ricxvia calkeuli

i-uri jgufebis mixedviT (kaci);
T _ kanoniT dadgenili samuSao dRis xangrZlivoba TiToeuli i-uri jgufisaTvis
kalendarul droSi (sT).

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 kiTxvebi TviTSemowmebisaTvis:

1. ganmarteT cnebebi: mosaxleoba, mosaxleobis aRwarmoeba, migracia.

2. Mmosaxleobis aRwarmoebis ra saxeebia cnobili?
3. riT gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan terminebi: samuSao Zala, SromiTi resursebi,
SromiTi potenciali da adamianuri kapitali?
4. ra kategoriebad iyofa mosaxleoba ekonomikuri statusis mixedviT?
5. ra maCveneblebiT xasiaTdeba SromiTi resursebi?
6. ra niSnebiT gansazRvraven SromiTi resursebis struqturas da ra faqtorebi
moqmedeben masze?
7. ra niSniT nawildeba SromiTi resursebi da ra gansazRvravs mis ganawilebas?
8. riT gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan adamianis, sawarmos (firmis) da sazogadoebis
SromiTi potenciali?
9. daaxasiaTeT SromiTi potenciali raodenobrivi maCveneblebiT.

11