Lesson3 : ប្បព័នធដ ោះទឹកស្អុយ

By: Phoeurn Chan Arun, MSc

Environmental Eng.
 RbePTTwkRkxVk;
1> Rainwater (TwkePøóg )³ RbmUl)anBIePøógFøak;BIdMbUlhUrcUllUman FarTIkFM¬mineTog
GacERbRbYl¦ .
2> Wastewater (TwksMGuy)
- TwkbgÁn; ³ TwkexµA (Black water)
- Twkc®gÁan)ay ³ )anmkBIpÞH)ay bnÞb;Twk man FarTIk tUc (Grey water)
- TwkeragcRk ³ kareRbIR)as;GaRs½ytamplitkmµrbs;eragcRknImYy²/ FarTIk
ERbRbYlb:uEnþefrGac kMnt;karKNna)anRtwmRtUv . TwkTaMgGs;enHhUredaymansarFatusrIragÁ b¤
Er:xniCrlayEdlbrimaNrbs;va eFVI[mansarFatuBul .
cMeBaHTwkEdlmanbrimaNbMBuleRcInRtUvkarcaM)ac;eFVIviFIsMGatmunnigbgðÚreTAkan;pøÚvTwkFmµCati
¬eKGacmineFIV)an cMeBaHTwkePøóg¦ .
components of wastewater system
 Branch vent៖ទុដោដែលភ្ជាប់ពីលូបញ្ឈរដៅកាន់បរ ិកាារនីមួយៗ
 Cleanout៖ ឆនុកស្ំរាប់ស្ំអាតដៅដពលស្ទោះ
 Main Drain៖លូកប់ដប្កាមBasement ស្ំរាប់ដផទរទឹកប្កខ្វក់ដៅកាន់បណ្ត
ា ញ
លូដម រ ឺ septic tank
 Septic tank: អាងស្ំរាប់ដប្រោះ Black water
 Soil stack: លូបញ្ឈរធំដែលនំ black water ពីbranch vent to main drain

 Waste pipe, soil pipe # soil stack, soil stack

 Vent stack: ជាទុដោចំហធំភ្ជាប់ពី Soil stackដៅដលើតំបូលដែើមបីបំភ្ជយកលិន
មិនដអាយចូលកនុងដេហ ា ន

 Drain trap: បំពង់រាងអកសរ Uដែលដពញដ យទឹកដែើមបីទប់ស្កាត់កិន

ល មិន
ដអាយភ្ជយដចញដៅកនុងបនទប់
components of wastewater system
components of rain water system

Drain to
Sewer
Types of underground drainage
system
ា ញលូរម
1. Combine System (បណ្ត ួ )
Types of underground drainage
system
2. Separate system
Types of underground drainage system
3. Separate system

Rain water
bNþajlU
 Drain: sanitaire and rainwater drain
 Sewer: sanitaire and rainwater sewerlUem
 Manholes sMrab;BinitüemIlnig)arkaksMNl;
CaTUeTAdak;enAcMnucEkg b¤ cMnucbMEbklUtamExSRtg;
 Catch basin ³ lUsMrab;TTYlTwklMhUrépÞelI

 Grilles:]bkrN_sMrab;eRcaHsMramedIm,ITb;sáat;kMu[sÞHlUenA
Epñk xageRkamRblayedaHTwk
bNþajlU
 Sewer eFVIBI Tuyaux mUlRtg;RbEvg 1-3m kb;kñúg dI

-
bNþajlU
Manhole
CaGNþÚgGagQreFVIBI)ayGEdlmanKMrbbiTebIkelIkdak;)an . sMNg;enHRtUv[Fn;
nigrwgmaM Cab;l ¥Tb;)annigkarb:HTgÁic mankaredIrqøgkat;dUcCareTHrujCaedIm.
vaeFVIBIebtug b¤ bc©úb,n ñenH maneFVIRsab;lk;tameragcRk .
- TItaMgrbs; Manhole KWXaøtKañ BI 50 eTA 70 m cMeBaHbNþajTwkePøóg nig 35m
cMeBaHbNþajTwkkxVk;. edIm,IgayRsYlkaylUeKRtUvdak; Manhole
enAkEnøgbMEbkTiscrnþTwk b¤ kEnøgt bMEbk.
Manhole
Manhole
Manhole
 Catch basin
 Catch basin ³ lUsMrab;TTYlTwklMhUrépÞelI

eFVIeLIgedIm,IRbmUlTwkePøógEdlmansnÞHRcksMrab;TwkhUrcUlenA
mat;elI nigmancMrwgsMrab;XaMgTb; sMramFM²kMu[hUrcUl
Catch basin
 cMrwgEdkRtUvdak;[Ekgnwgfñl; edIm,IkMu[maneRKaHfñak;dl;GñkCiHkg; .
 Catch basin mYy GacTTYlTwkePøóghUrBIpøÚvEdlmanépÞRbmaN
@%0m2.
 Catch basin man cMrwgEdk : manTMhMtUcRKbedaycMrwgeFVIBIEdkEfb .
vabgðÚrTwkrMhUrépÞelIBI cMNtrfynþ BIpøÚvefµIeCIg BIsYnesµA. cMrwgEdkmanTMhM
$0 x $0 cm bgðÚrTwkBIpøÚvefµIreCIg b¤BIcMNtrfynþ nUvépÞRbEhl $00
nigBIsYnesµA RbEhl @000 m2
ប្បលាយដ ោះទឹកដភលៀង
Surface water drainage
ប្បលាយដ ោះទឹកដភលៀង
 Basic description of types of systems
មុខ្ងារ៖ ដែើមបីដ ិ
ោះទឹក ដភលៀងពីជុំវញអគារ,​
​ផលូវ,​ថនល់,​
ចិដញ្ចើមផលូវ និងទីដផសងៗដែលមិនប្ជាបទឹកស្ំរាប់បងហូរ
ដរលដៅកាន់ទីតំងណ្តមួយដែលអាចដៅជិតឬ ឆ្ងាយ។
 ប្បដភទប្បលាយ:
1. ប្បលាយរាក់ (Shallow drainage)
2. ប្បលាយដប្ៅ(Deep drain)
3. ប្បលាយស្ំរាប់បំណងអវីមួយ Specific drain
Excavating for a surface water drain
1. ប្បលាយរាក់: Ditches
 Open one, either a
shallow conduit close
or, at a distance from
the building
 use for centuries
 Carrying high levels of
discharge for short
periods.
 used on natural slopes
ប្បលាយរាក់: Swales​​(ប្បលាយជំរាល)

 Swales are long shallow

channels with smooth banks
which can serve similar
purposes, but can
also be designed to enhance
local infiltration.
2. Infiltration trenches (ប្បលាយជំរាប)
Infiltration trenches (ប្បលាយជំរាប)
 Advantages
- reduces peak run-off rates and volumes, and recharges
groundwater,
- retains pollutants prior to discharge into the drainage or
groundwater system.

 Limitations
- pollutants and sediment may clog the gravel and infiltration
surface,
- groundwater contamination and low dissolved pollutant removal
may occur in coarse soils,
- cannot be located on steep slopes, loose or unstable areas.
2. ប្បលាយដប្ៅ (Deep drain)
 លកាណៈពិដស្ស្ដផសងៗរវាង
ប្បលាយរាក់ និងប្បលាយដប្ៅ
Shallow drain:
- Increase run-off
thereby reduce seepage
forces and
lower groundwater levels
- cheap and easy to maintain
- Most likely fall rapidly into
disrepair if neglected.
Deep drain:
-Modify the seepage pattern within
the soil or rock mass,
thereby removing water and
decreasing porewater pressures
from the vicinity of potential slip
surfaces.
- Drains of this type are generally
moreexpensive than shallow
drains
- Likely to be more effective and
torequire less maintenance.
3. ប្បលាយស្ំរាប់ បំណងអវីមួយ

Specific drain
 Land drain
 Flood storage
Health and safety and​​environmental
aspects
 Rainwater run-off from urban areas can be very
variable in quality,
sometimes heavily polluted, sometimes relatively clean,
but never
wholesome.
 Pollutants may include suspended solids, both organic
and
inorganic in origin, oils, heavy metals and coliforms.
 There are three main considerations with respect to
environmental issues:
● Standards for protecting river aquatic life
● Standards for protecting bathing waters
● Standards for protecting amenity use
Calculation
 Septic tank
Septic tank
SEPTIC TANK DIMENSIONS IN QUÉBEC (CANADA)
 Septic tank dimension
- Using
the formula:
Vg = 1125 + 0.75 Q
Where:
Vg = the liquid volume of the tank in gallons
Q = the daily sewage flow in gallons
1125 and 0.75 is constant value

1cu.m = 264 gallon

Example: Estimate the dimension a university’ s septic

tank providing that there may be 600 of students and
faculty staffs. There are two compartment in the tank.
Soakaway
ស្ំរាប់បនសុទធទឹកដលើ និងដប្កាមែី
GageRbg
 edIm,IkarBarsuvtßiPaB lUbgðÚrTwkePøógEdlhUrecjBIcMNtrfynþRtUv
dak;]bkrN_Tb;eRbg b¤saMgmunnwgbgðÚr ecal eTAkñúglU .
eKeFVIreNþAmYysMrab;Tuk[Twkrg manCMerARbEhl !/&0 m. RtUveFVIKMrbRKb
nigTukRbelaHxül; y:ag tic %0 s>m.
 brimaNTwkticbMputEdlGagGacpÞúk)an ³
- 0.50 m³ sMrab;cMNttUcCag 1000 m² ¬RbEhl $0Lan¦
- 1m³ sMrab;cMNt BI 1000 eTA 5000 m² ¬@00 LantUc b¤ LankamJúg !00¦ .
- eKRtUvbEnßm maDGag1m³eTót sMrab;cMNt EdlEfmépÞ 3000 m².
ស្ំណង់បញ្ច
ច ល់ទឹក

 RbsinebICMralrbs;bNþajlUTwkkxVk;minRKb;RKan;
eKRtUvEkCMralvaedIm,IbBa©al;Twk . brimaNTwky:ageRcIn
nigEdlhUrCaRbcaMcUleTAkñúglU)annaMkMeTckkr
eFVI[kk)atlUEdlCa]bsKÁmin[TwkhUr)anl¥ .
A. KNnaFarTwkrbs;lMhUrelIépÞ (Estimation of
runoff)
eKRtUvEtbgðÚredaHTwkePøógEdlTTYl)anBI dMbUlpÜH pøÚvfñl; nigpøÚvtUc²ecj

Q = C.I.A
where Q peak runoff from rainfall, m3/s
 C runoff coefficient, dimensionless
 I rainfall intensity, m/h
 A drainage area, m2
Example
តំបន់ជាយប្កុងមួយផ្ផទប្កលា៤ km2 មានអាំងតង់
ស្ុីដតទឹកដភលៀង ១៥៥ mm/h​(តមស្ថិតិទឹកដភលៀង
រយៈដពល២៥ឆ្ងនំ ដែលវាស្់កុងរយោះដពល២០
ន
នទីកុងព្
ន ុ ោះនីមួយៗ)។
េណនបរ ិមាណដភលៀងអតិបរ ិមា?
B > KNnaFarTwkrbs;lMhUrelIépÞ (Estimation of runoff)
manrUbmnþeRcInsMrab+ KNnaFarTwkePøóg EdlRtUvbgðÚreTAtamtMbn+dUcCarUbmnþ (
CAQUO ) sMrab+ tMbn+ Paris rUbmnþ Montpellier sMrab+ tMbn+

CMuvijsmuRTemDIETra{en bJ eKeRbIRkahVIc.
CaTUeTAeKeRbIrUbmnþ sMrab+TIkePøóg
Q = d . s. k. φ ²
Edl-Q KitCa l/s
d- emKuNTwkePøógdb+qñaM ( CaTUeTA d = 0.25)
s –épÞdIRtUvedaHTwk KitCa m²
 k - emKuNrMhUrCaGnuKmn_énépÞdITTYlTwkePøóg . CaTUeTAeKyk
k = 0.85 sMrab+pøÚvfñl+ ( chaussée )
k = 0.50 sMrab+pøÚvefµIreCIg ( piéton )
k = 0.15 sMrab+épÞdImanesµA bJ dI

φ- emKuNTIkhUryWt GaRs½yeTAtamragrbs+épÞdI . CaTUeTAeKyk φ = 0.90

sMrab+pøÚvfñl+ragctuekaN .
eKGackMNt+ykFarTwkePøógsMrab+Gnuvtþn¾Etmþg
épÞdIFM Q = 450 l/s/ha sMrab+épÞdItUc Q = 3 l /m²/mn
• cMeBaHTwk®kxVk+ FarTwkGtibrmasMrab+pÞHsñak+enA Q = 0.019N
N – cMnYnpÐHeRbIR)as+Twk - FarTwkmFümeRbIRbcaMéf¶ esµI 150l/mñak+
 karKNnamuxkat+lUsaMBaJúaMNas+
vaTak+TgeTAnwgrUbmnþRKwHrbs+elak  𝐶=
87
𝛾
ChézyEdl[tMélel,ÓnrMhUrTwk. 1+
𝑅

V C RI
V : el,ÓnrMhUrTwkkñúglU , m/s
C : emKuNPaBeRKImrbs+lU
I : CMral Drain (bNþajlUem)
R : kaMGIu®dUlik , m
R = S/P
S: épÞlicTwk , m²
P: brima®tlicTwk , m
𝛾: emKuNrMhUrCaGnuKmn¾én®bePT
CBaaM©g rbs+l nig Twk
FarTwk Q = S . V Q : KitCa m³/s , S : muxkat+lUKitCa m²
eKKitTwkhUrBak+kNþallU sMrab+KNnaFarTwk®kxVk+edaymanel,ÓnnaMkkredayxøÜnÉg
V = 0.30 m/ . cMeBaHbNþaj combine system el,ÓnnaMkkredayxøÜnÉg
s

V = 0.60 m/ y¨agticnigel,ÓnGtibrima esµI 1 m/

s s

I = 2mm/ nig I = 4 à 5mm/m sMrab+ drain EdlmanRbEvgEvg. cMeBaHTwk

min m max

hUreBjbMBg+ CMralGtibrimaykyagNakMu[el,ÓnelIsBI 4 m/s .

cMeBaHRbEvglUxøI I = 1cm/m sMrab+lUTwkePøóg nig 2cm/m sMrab+lUTwk®kxVk+.
min

cMeBaHlUem SewarCMralRtUvyk 3cm/m.

muxkat+lUTwkePøóg
- Drain Ø = 300 mm
- kñúgGaKarsñak+enAeRcInCan+rYmKña Ø = 200mm
- lUpÐHdILÚt¾ Ø = 150mm
* muxkat+lUTwk®kxVk;
- Drain Ø = 200mm
- lUtbMEbkGaKareRcInCan+ bJ pÐHdILÚt¾ Ø = 150mm
manmuxkat+lUe®cIn®bePTeFVIBIsarFatue®cIn®bePT½ Edksiµt hVI®bUsuIm}g+ebtug
ebtugGarem PVC . man®bePTlU®CugragctuekaNEkg
bJ Dalot ( Ɵ˂ 3m ) dak+e®kamfñl+ vaGacmanmuxkat+FM (2- 3m )
e®bIkñuúgbec©keTsdUceFVI Tunel .
ទីតំងបណ្ត
ា ញ
ទីតំងបណ្ត
ា ញ