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pñWVàkñ¶ H$m ^mfm, g‘m{YñWñ¶ Ho$ed& pñWVYr: qH$ à^mfoV {H$‘mgrV d«OoV {H$‘²&& (JrVm 2/54)
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Or ‘| Wr& bjm{YH$ ‘mZdm| H$mo d¡îUdr Xrjm Xo AmnZo CÝh| gËnW na bJm¶m& AmMm¶©d¶© Zo A{Ib Am¶m©dV©
H$s nX¶mÌm H$s Wr Am¡a 108 {Xì¶ Xoem| ‘| {deof ê$n go Xe©Z Am¡a AM©Z {H$¶o& BZ‘| {d{^ÝZ {Xì¶gy[a¶m| Ed§
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bjm{YH$ hmo J¶r& lr M¡Vݶ ‘hmà^w H$s ^m±{V {OYa go OJXmMm¶© ñdm‘r Or JwOaVo dhm± ‘mZm| ^{º$ H$s bha
N>m OmVr, {eî¶ ~ZZo H$s AXå¶ CËH$ÊR>m nZn CR>Vr&
lr gåàXm¶ Ho$ {ddÕ©Z Ho$ {b¶o lreofmdVma dada ‘wZrÝÐ ñdm‘r Or Zo 8 {X½JO AWm©V² 8 J{Ô¶m| H$s ñWmnZm
H$s Wr-lr dm{X^rH$a‘hmJwéXodamO, lr^Q²>Q> ZmW dadoL²>H$Q>¶mo{Jd¶©&
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aIZo Ho$ {b¶o AîQ> {X½JOm| H$s ñWmnZm H$s {OZH$m {ddaU àñVwV h¡-
1. lr‘X² O.Jw.am. lram‘Zmam¶UmMm¶© {ÌXÊS>r ñdm‘r Or ‘hmamO, H$mogboe gXZ, A¶moܶm (C.à.)
2. lrn{V nrR> Ho$ gßV‘ AmMm¶© O.Jw.am. lr XodZm¶H$mMm¶© {ÌXÊS>r ñdm‘r Or ‘hmamO, lr bú‘rZmam¶U
‘pÝXa, ~³ga&
3. lr‘hÝV am‘mMm¶© Or ‘hmamO, amOJ¥h, ZmbÝXm&
4. lrñdm‘r am‘ßnÝZmMm¶©Or ‘hmamO, XmCXZJa, J¶m&
5. lr ñdm‘r ZmaXOr ‘hmamO, H$ÀN>dm (amhVmg)
6. lr ñdm‘r am‘mZÝX na‘h§g Or, {~hQ>m O§Jb (emhOhm±nwa)
7. lr ñdm‘r Jmo{dÝXmMm¶© Or na‘h§g, eH$anwa (amohVmg)
8. lr ñdm‘r amKdoÝÐmMm¶© Or¶a ‘hmamO, XodKmQ>, J¶m&
d¡.dm. O.Jw.am. doXmÝV‘mV©US> ¶VrÝÐ ñdm‘r am‘Zmam¶UmMm¶© Or ‘hmamO Zo lr ñdm‘r Or ‘hmamO H$s ¶e:lr
H$mo AnZo OrdZ H$mb ‘| {dd{Õ©V H$aZo H$m ^anya ¶ËZ {H$¶m& ‘hmHw$å^m| Ho$ Adga na H$s{V©‘mZ ñWm{nV H$aZo
dmbo ~¥hX² ~m‹S>o H$m A¶moOZ, {dÛV² g§JmoîR>r H$m g‘m¶moOZ, ^JdX² am‘mZwOmMm¶© H$s {Xì¶mkm H$m gd©Ì àMma
àgma, XrZ gXmMmar N>mÌm| Ho$ {dÚmO©Z ‘| IwbH$a ‘XX, gåàXm¶ {df¶H$ Jy‹T> {Z~ÝYm| H$m àU¶Z Ed§ J«ÝW
àH$meZ, A¶moܶm H$mogboe gXZ H$m ÐþV {dH$mg B˶m{X AmnH$s ‘hÎdnyU© CnbpãY¶m± h¢& lr ñdm‘r Or ‘hmamO
Ho$ ‘mZm| Amn öX¶ Wo& AmnH$s H$s{Îm©-ÜdOm H$mo AmMm¶© H¥$nm demV² gåà{V O. Jw. am. ñdm. am‘Zmam¶UmMm¶©
Or ‘hmamO Ho$ g‘mZ hr àmV: ñ‘aUr¶ Añ‘XmMm¶© lr ñdm‘r Or ‘hmamO Ho$ H¥$nmnmÌ Wo ñdm‘r lr
amKdoÝÐmMm¶© Or¶a Or ‘hmamO, XodKmQ>, J¶m& Amn gabVm Am¡a ghOVm H$s ‘y{Îm© Wo& AmnZo emhOhm±nwa Ed§
C.à. Ho$ npíM‘ ^mJ ‘| d¡îUdVm H$m nyam àMma {H$¶m& gåà{V BZHo$ gw¶mo½¶ {eî¶ O. Jw. am. ñdm. amKdmMm¶©
Or ‘hmamO AnZo H¥$˶m| go AmMm¶© H$s H$s{Îm© H$mo g§d{bV H$a aho h¢& EH$ Aݶ {X½JO XmCXZJa nrR>mYrída lr
ñdm‘r am‘ànÝZmMm¶© H$sV©Z-H$bm{Z{Y Or dñVwV: lr ñdm‘r Or ‘hmamO H$s g^mAm| Ho$ {d[MÌ H$bmnr Wo,
{OZHo$ H$sV©Z H$s ‘Ywa Hy$H$ ^{º$-dm{Q>H$m ‘| AmZÝX-bhar ^a XoVr Wr& Bg nrR> H$mo gåà{V ñdm. ‘YwgyXZmMm¶©
Or ‘hmamO gå^mb aho h¢& e§H$anwa Ho$ lr ñdm. Jmo{dÝXmMm¶© na‘h§g Or Ho$ d¡Hw$ÊR> dmg go [aº$ {X½JO H$m nX
O. Jw. am. ñdm. lrZmam¶UmMm¶© {ÌXÊS>r ñdm‘r Or ‘hmamO, lrbú‘rZ¥qgh ‘pÝXa, H$mer H$mo {‘b J¶m h¡ Am¡a
Amn AmO Bg ^mdZm go gVV CËào[aV Am¡a Cëb{gV h¢ {H$ AmMm¶©nrR> H$m ^ì¶ {Z‘m©U hmo& dñVwV: nyÁ¶nmX
Ho$ gZmVZ Y‘©ê$nr A‘¥VH$be BZ {X½JOm| Ho$ H$ÝYm| na aIm h¡, Am¡a Am¶©Om{V H$mo {ZíM¶ hr BZH$s gmYZm go
gwYm grH$a H$s CnbpãY {ZVmÝVê$n ‘| hmoVr ahoJr&
nwZíM lr ñdm‘r Or ‘hmamO Zo ^mJdVm| Ho$ {hV ‘| ‘mݶ gÝVm| Ed§ {dÛÛaoʶ ‘hmnwéfm| H$mo OJX²Jwé
am‘mZwOmMm¶© Ho$ ê$n ‘| à{VpîR>V {H$¶m h¡, {OZH$m AYmo{b{IV CëboI h¡-
1. O. Jw. am. ñdm. lr XodZm¶H$mMm¶© Or, lr bú‘rZmam¶U ‘pÝXa, M[aÌdZ, ~³ga&
2. O. Jw. am. ñdm. lr dmgwXodmMm¶© {dÚm^mñH$a Or, H$mogboe gXZ, A¶moܶm&
3. O. Jw. am. ñdm. lr amOZmam¶UmMm¶©Or, lr bú‘rdoL²>H$Q>oída XodñWmZ‘², Xod[a¶m&
4. O. Jw. am. ñdm. lr am‘MÝÐmMm¶©Or nwîH$aamO Ed§ lr {ÌXpÊS>Xod godml‘, ~ohQ>m O§Jb&
5. O. Jw. am. ñdm. lr amKdmMm¶© Or, lr am‘mZwO ‘R>, J¶m&
6. O. Jw. am. ñdm. lr Zmam¶UmMm¶© Or, lr bú‘rZ¥qgh ‘pÝXa, H$mer&
7. O. Jw. am. ñdm. lr bú‘UmMm¶© Or, lr JOoÝБmoj XodñWmZ‘², h[aha joÌ (gmoZnwa)
8. O. Jw. am. ñdm. XrZ~ÝYw XrZmZmWmMm¶© Or, H$mer&
9. O. Jw. am. ñdm. npÊS>Vàda S>m°. H¡$bmgn{V {ÌnmR>r Or, H$mer&
10. O. Jw. am. ñdm. lr ‘YwgyXZmMm¶© Or, XmCXZJa&
¶o gmao gÝV Ed§ {dÚm{d^y{fV {d^y{V¶m± Y‘m}ËWmZ ‘| g§b½Z h¢& VW¡d ‘hÝVm| H$s ~‹S>r Q>mobr h¡& drVam{J¶m|
H$s bå~r O‘mV h¡, emñÌmW© {ZnwU ‘hmnpÊS>Vm| H$m g‘mO h¡ {OÝh| ‘mZm| {dH${gV Am¡a geº$ H$a lr ñdm‘r
Or Zo gÀMo Xo{eHo$ÝÐ H$s ^y{‘H$m {Z^m¶r h¡& CXmhaUmW© ‘mݶ ‘hÝV d¥ÝX ‘| lramOoÝÐmMm¶© ñdm‘r Or ‘hmamO
O¡go ‘hmË‘m d¥ÝX ¶km{X nmdZ H¥$˶m| Ûmam lrgåàXm¶ H$m AX²^wV² g§dÕ©Z H$a aho h¢&
nmf©X ~«÷Mmar JU
A~ lrñdm‘r Or ‘hmamO Ho$ Vnmo‘¶ OrdZ ‘| nmf©X Ho$ ê$n ‘| H¢$H$¶©nam¶U ~«÷Mmar JU H$s godm Am¡a gmYZm
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ah|Jo& ¶h EH$ ¶WmW© V϶ h¡ {H$ d¡. dm$. àW‘ MVw^O ©w ñdm‘r Or (H¡$Wr) lr ‘w{º$Zmam¶U {ÌXÊS>r ñdm‘r Or,
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‘ÝX ‘wñH$mZ H$s erVb {H$aU! hm¶! ¶h OmoS‹ >r H$hm± J¶r!
~«÷Mmar-d¥ÝX H$s AJbr H$‹S>r ‘| h¢-lrnmX godH$ lr gwXe©ZmMm¶© ñdm‘r Or (gåà{V Aܶj lr {dO¶amKd
‘pÝXa, S>ohar), lr H$‘bH$mÝV ñdm‘r Or, lr bú‘rànÝZ ñdm‘r Or (gåà{V, lr bú‘r ànÝZ Or¶a ñdm‘r
Or) lr gwÝXaamO ñdm‘r Or Ed§ gh¶moJr Vmng Ho$ ê$n ‘| lr AÀ¶wVànÝZ ñdm‘r Or Ed§ lr í¶m‘gwÝXa ñdm‘r
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d¶modÕ¥ nyÁ¶nmX JwéXod H$s godm ‘| ‘m¡Z ~mbH$ gm bJo aho& Eogr hr àe§gZr¶ ghO àr{V Am¡a godmnam¶UVm
^mobo-^mbo gÝV lr AÀ¶wV ànÝZ ñdm‘r Or Ed§ lr gwÝXaamO ñdm‘r Or H$s ahr h¡& ¶h g‘ñV gÝV ‘ÊS>br
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nmf©Xm| H$s MaU Yy{b {‘bVr aho&
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OJXmMm¶© Ho$ ê$n ‘| lr‘mZ² Ho$ AdVma H$m n[aUm‘ h¡& gmW hr J¥hñWm| H$s ^r AdU©Zr¶ AmܶmpË‘H$ Am¡a H¥$nm
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Or ‘hmamO Ûmam nyÁ¶nmX lr ñdm‘rOr ‘hmamO go {H$¶m J¶m AZwamoY CëboIZr¶ h¡& AmnZo Xod[a¶m ‘| lr
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lr ñVmoÌaËZda^mdàH$meH$ma: {MÝVm‘[U§ dMZ^yfUHo$@n©H$mo ¶:&
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¶k¡: gw{dVV¡bm}Ho$ XodmZm§ ‘moXH$m[aUo& {dîd³goZ ¶VrÝÐm¶ {Z˶lr{Z©Ë¶‘§Jb‘²&&5&&
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am‘mZwOm¶© H$éUm nyU©nmÌm¶ ¶mo{JZo& {dîd³goZm¶ ‘wZ¶o {Z˶lr{Z©Ë¶‘§Jb‘²&&7&&
n¶mod«Vn{dÌm¶ lre‘§JbH$m[aUo& {dîd³goZm¶ ‘wZ¶o {Z˶lr{Z©Ë¶‘§Jb‘²&&8&&
{Z˶§ gw{d{hVmMma à{V‘mYd‘yV©¶o& {dîd³goZm¶ ‘wZ¶o {Z˶lr{Z©Ë¶‘§Jb‘²&&9&&
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bú‘rànÝZ a{MV ñVw{V nwînm{M©VmL²>K«¶o& {dîd³goZm¶ ‘wZ¶o {Z˶lr{Z©Ë¶‘§Jb‘²&&10&&
&& B{V ‘§JbemgZ§ g‘mßV‘²&&
& AW {ÌXpÊS> ñdm{‘Zm§ gwà^mV àmaå^:&
lram‘H¥$îUJwénmXgamoO^¥“ lr dm{X^rH¥$XZÝVJwé à‘moX&
am‘mZwOm¶© ‘wInL²>H$Ogy¶© {dîdH²$ goZoe¶mo{J ^Jd±ñVd gwà^mV‘²&&1&&
lr‘V² gZmVZ gwZr{V {ddÕ©Zm¶, dmXmZ² {dYy¶ Hw$‘{V d«O gwà³b¥ßVmZ²&
C{ÎmîR> OmJ¥{h ¶VrÝX YwarU {dîdH²$ goZoe¶mo{J ^Jd±ñVd gwà^mV‘²&&2&&
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bmoH$m¶©g{y º$ danL²>H$O ^mñH$am¶© lr ¶m‘wZm¶©dagy{º${dH$mgH$ma&
AmMm¶© gÝV{Vgwdm³¶ gXW©H$ma, goZoe¶mo{J ^Jd±ñVd gwà^mV‘²&&4&&
AmamYZ§ aM{¶Vw§ H$‘bmgIñ¶ g嶳g‘m{Y{d{YZm ¶{Vnw“dm¶©&
C{ÎmîR> ¶moJnW d¡^d ~moYH$m[aZ², goZoe¶mo{J ^Jd±ñVd gwà^mV‘²&&5&&
H$m¡nrZ¶w½‘ H${Q>dñÌ H$‘ÊS>b±yíM, lrXÝVH$mîR>‘{n ho ¶{VamOd涩&
nmUm¡ {ZYm¶ {XdgpÝV {dewÕJmÌm:, goZoe¶mo{J ^Jd±ñVd gwà^mV‘²&&6&&
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ñZmVw§ gwOôZwVZ¶mg{bbofw {e:, {dk¡ñVWm ¶{Vda¡d©ad¡îUdoÝС:&
EH$mpÝV{^: na‘^mJdV¡{Z©fìo ¶, goZoe¶mo{J ^Jd±ñVd gwà^mV‘²&&8&&
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CÀMm¶© Vo gw{d‘b§ O¶‘wpX²>JapÝV, goZoe¶mo{J ^Jd±ñVd gwà^mV‘²&&9&&
lrH$mÝVYm‘{Zb¶mo ¶ BhmpñV Xod:, lr‘§Jbm{V©H${‘foU {d~moY‘mßVm&
gX² ÑpîQ>nmV gwI‘wÎm‘‘mßVw‘ÄO: C{ÎmîR> ho ¶{VJwamo Vd gwà^mV‘²&&10&&
àmV: nR>pÝV n[aV: na‘ànÝZm, AîQ>mjaà‘wI‘ÝÌJUmZ² gw{Xì¶mZ²&
lr d¡îUdmñVd nXmãO {Z{dîQ>^mam:, goZoe¶mo{J ^Jd±ñVd gwà^mV‘²&&11&&
&& B{V gwà^mV§ g‘mßV‘²&&
AZÝV lr g‘b‘L²>H¥$V ^JdXZÝVnmXr¶ nyÁ¶nmX lr ñdm‘r Or ‘hmamO Ûmam MmVw‘m©ñ¶ d«V Ho$ AÝV
‘| gånm{XV 74 ‘hm¶k
(¶m| ‘hmVnñdr ¶kmdVma lr ñdm‘r Or ‘hmamO Ûmam H$ar~ 300 {demb ¶k gånÝZ H$am¶o J¶o, na ¶hm± CZ‘|
go Ho$db à{Vdf© MmVw‘m©ñ¶ d«V H$s g‘mpßV na Am¶mo{OV ‘hm¶km| H$m {ddaU àñVwV h¡)-
H«$‘ g§»¶m ¶k H$m {ddaU ñWmZ gZ² gådV²
1. lr àmOmn˶ ¶k (àW‘ MmVw‘m©ñ¶ ¶k)lr doL²>H$Q>oeXodñWmZ‘² (’$Ugdm‹S>r-~å~B©) 1926 1983
2. lr ‘mé{V ¶k H$m±da (dmamUgr) 1927 1984
3. lr ¶k {gÝhm (emhm~mX) 1928 1985
4. lr {damQ²> {dÊUw ¶k dm{OVnwa (~{b¶m) 1929 1986
5. lr ‘hmZmam¶U ¶k Im{bgnwa (JmOrnwa) 1930 1987
6. lr ‘hm{dîUw ¶k EH$m¡Zm (emhm~mX) 1931 1988
7. lr {dîUw ‘hm ¶k nmÊS>o¶nwa (emhm~mX) 1932 1989
8. lr {damQ²> {dîUw¶k {gVm~{X¶mam (N>nam) 1933 1990
9. lr ‘hm¶k gmoZ~agm (emhm~mX) 1934 1991
10. lr nwéfmoÎm‘‘hm¶k ~hmoaZnwa (emhm~mX) 1935 1992
11. lr ‘hmZmam¶U ¶k ZJdm± (~{b¶m) 1936 1993
12. lr ‘hmZmam¶U ¶k {gÝhm (emhm~mX) 1937 1994
13. lr ‘hm{dîUw ¶k OJÝZmWnwar (Amo{S‹ >em) 1938 1995
14. lr ‘hmZmam¶U ¶k n§T>anwa (emobmnwa) 1939 1996
15. lr ‘hméÐ ¶k ~hþdam (~{b¶m) 1940 1997
16. lr amYmH¥$îU ‘hm ¶k {ZgZnwam (nQ>Zm) 1941 1998
17. lr {dîUw ‘hm ¶k dm{OVnwa (~{b¶m) 1942 1999
18. lr {damQ²> {dîUw ‘hm ¶k ZoH$Zm‘Q>mbo m (emhm~mX) 1943 2000
19. lr ‘hmbú‘r ¶k S>mMm~ma (nbm‘y) 1944 2001
20. lr ‘hmZmam¶U ¶k N>nam (N>nam) 1945 2002
21. lr ~«÷oída ¶k ~bwAm±, Jm¶KmQ> (emhm~mX) 1946 2003
22. lr ‘hmbú‘r ¶k XmCXZJa (J¶m) 1947 2004
23. lr ‘hmZmam¶U ¶k ~é±Am {ÌbmoH$MH$ (N>nam) 1948 2005
24. lr ‘hmZmam¶U ¶k A{V‘rJ§O (emhm~mX) 1949 2006
25. lr bú‘rZmam¶U ¶k ‘hþAma (emhm~mX) 1950 2007
26. lr ‘hmbú‘r ¶k YZS>rhm± (emhm~mX) 1951 2008
27. lr ‘hmbú‘r ¶k hëXr (emhm~mX) 1952 2009
28. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k kmZnwa {g‘[a¶m (emhm~mX) 1953 2010
29. lr ‘hmbú‘r ¶k ‘Jam±d (emhm~mX) 1954 2011
30. lr ‘hmZmam¶U ¶k Z¡ZrOmoa (emhm~mX) 1955 2012
31. lr ‘hmbú‘r ¶k EH$m¡Zm (emhm~mX) 1956 2013
32. lr bú‘rZmam¶U ¶k AÝN>m (J¶m) 1957 2014
33. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k nÝgm, daS>rhm± (nbm‘y) 1958 2015
34. lr ‘hmbú‘r ¶k H$m±da (dmamUgr) 1959 2016
35. lr A{V{dîUw‘hm ¶k Ibnwam (N>nam) 1960 2017
36. lr ‘hmZmam¶U ¶k {edXem dW©am (dmamUgr) 1961 2018
37. lr ‘hmbú‘r ¶k ~hmoaZnwa (emhm~mX) 1962 2019
38. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k htJwVaJ‹T> ~y‹T>onwa (dmamUgr) 1963 2020
39. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k b~XZm (J¶m) 1964 2021
40. lr bú‘rZmam¶U ‘hm¶k {dÝXm¡b (nQ>Zm) 1965 2022
41. lr {damQ²> bú‘rZmam¶U ‘hm¶k ‘hþdmar (dmamUgr) 1966 2023
42. lr {damQ²> bú‘rZmam¶U ‘hm¶k Q>S‹ >dm± (emhm~mX) 1967 2024
43. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k {Mbha, S>oTw>Am± (emhm~mX) 1968 2025
44. lr ‘hmbú‘r ¶k naZmnwa-dW©am (dmamUgr) 1969 2026
45. lr ‘hmbú‘r Zmam¶U ¶k S>ohar (emhm~mX) 1970 2027
46. lr ‘hmbú‘r Zmam¶U ¶k amZrXodm (nbm‘y) 1971 2028
47. lr ‘hmbú‘r Zmam¶U ¶k drgynwa (dmamUgr) 1972 2029
48. lr bú‘rZmam¶U ‘hm¶k ~~wam (emhm~mX) 1973 2030
49. lr bú‘rZmam¶U ‘hm¶k am‘nwa (nbm‘y) 1974 2031
50. lr bú‘rZmam¶U ‘hm¶k ZdrZJa (J¶m) 1975 2032
51. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k gmoZ~agm (emhm~mX) 1976 2033
52. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k nH$‹S>r (dmamUgr) 1977 2034
53. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k ~hþdam (~{b¶m) 1978 2035
54. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k JmonrJ§O {~hamoOnwa 1979 2036
55. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k B©ídanwam (emhm~mX) 1980 2037
56. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k ~bwAm± KmQ> (H$mer) 1981 2038
57. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k ZoH$Zo‘Q>mob (^moOnwa) 1982 2039
58. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k bmohmqgh H$m Q>mobm, {gVm~{X¶mam (gmaU) 1983 2040
59. lr ‘hm{dîUw ¶k YZS>rhm± (emhm~mX) 1984 2041
60. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k ‘hXodm± (amohVmg) 1985 2042
61. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k ~~wam (^moOnwa) 1986 2043
62. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k ghma{dham (nbm‘y) 1987 2044
63. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k ‘Jam±d (amohVmg) 1988 2045
64. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k {N>Vm¡Zr (dmamUgr) 1989 2046
65. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k AmoPmnQ²>Q>r {g‘[a¶m± (^moOnwa) 1990 2047
66. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k MÝXm^[a¶ma (~³ga) 1991 2048
67. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k ghonwa (dmamUgr) 1992 2049
68. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k OVnwam (nbm‘y) 1993 2050
69. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k gbo‘nwa (^moOnwa) 1994 2051
70. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k Jmonmbnwa dW©am (dmamUgr) 1995 2052
71. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k bÀNy>Q>mbo m gwao‘Znwa (^moOnwa) 1996 2053
72. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k O~qh (~{b¶m) 1997 2054
73. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k Z¡ZrOmoa (^moOnwa) 1998 2055
74. lr ‘hmbú‘rZmam¶U ¶k ~rgynwa (dmamUgr) 1999 2056
àkm-
àkm-à^mH$a àmV: ñ‘aUr¶ lr ñdm‘r Or ‘hmamO Ûmam àUrV J«ÝW-
W-aËZ
(lr {ÌXpÊS>Xod J«ÝW‘mbm Ho$ {d{dY àgyZ)
1. AW lr Jwé naånam 2. lr AZÝVmMm¶© àn{Îm: 3. lr AZÝVmMm¶© ‘§JbmemgZ‘²
4. lr AZÝVmMm¶© gwà^mV‘² 5. lr bú‘rZmam¶U àn{Îm: 6. lr bú‘rZmam¶U ‘§JbmemgZ‘²
7. lr bú‘rZmam¶U gwà^mV‘² 8. ¶VrÝÐ Y‘©‘mV©ÊS> 9. d¡{XH$ ¶moJ g§J«h 10. d¡{XH$ ‘y{V©nO y mXe©
11. d¡{XH$ lmÕ Vn©U 12. emñÌmW© Xr{nH$m 13. AmË‘VÎd ‘r‘m§gm 14. AmMm¶© eVH$‘²
15. Jwé naånam ^mfm 16. ¶VrÝÐ àdU à^md 17. MH«$mãO ‘ÊS>b {MÌ 18. {dîd³goZnyOmàH$me
19. nÄMg§ñH$ma nÕ{V 20. AmË‘-‘r‘m§gm 21. ñVmoÌ-aËZmJmar 22. {gÕml‘ ‘mhmËå¶ 23. Ah‘W© {ddoH$
24. nyOm {d{Y 25. H$ÊQ>H$moÕma 26. nwÌopîQ> ¶mJ {d{Y 27. JrVmW© g§J«h-^mdàH$m{eH$m Q>rH$m
28. nwéf gyº$‘²-‘‘©~mo{YZr Q>rH$m 29. lrgyº$‘²-‘‘©~mo{YZr Q>rH$m 30. ‘wHw$ÝX‘mbm H$s ì¶m»¶m
31. {H«$¶mH¡$ad MpÝÐH$m 32. lrd¡îUdH¥$˶Xn©U, 33. nÄMmMm¶© à{Vdm{X^¶§H$a OrdZ M[aÌ
34. AmbdÝXma ñVmoÌ H$s ^mdàH$m{eH$m Q>rH$m, 36 daXdëb^ ñVmoÌ H$s ^mdàH$m{eH$m Q>rH$m
36. AW© nÄMH$ H$s ‘‘©~mo{YZr ì¶m»¶m, 37 lrdMZ^yfU‘² H$s {MÝV‘{U Q>rH$m
38. dmVm©‘mbm H$s MyS‹ >m‘{U Q>rH$m, 39. {ZÛ©ÝÛ‘w²^§JMno{Q>H$m, 40. VßVMH«$m§H$Z àH$me
41. àn{Îm‘wº$mdbr H$s ì¶m»¶m, 42. d¡¶mH$aU nm[aOmV, 43. X{jU {Xì¶Xoe ¶mÌm {ddaU
44. lrñdm{‘M[aVm‘¥V (16 IÊS>m| ‘|), 45. B©em{XnÄMmon{ZfX² H$s JyT> mW© Xr{nH$m
46. ‘mÊS>b³¶mon{ZfË̶r H$s JyT>mW© Xr{nH$m, 47. ~¥hXmaʶH$mon{ZfX² H$s JyT>mW© Xr{nH$m
48. N>mÝXmo½¶mon{ZfX²> H$s JyT>mW© Xr{nH$m, 49. JrVm ì¶m»¶mZ‘mbm (6 IÊS>m| ‘|)
BZ ~hþ‘yë¶ J«ÝWm| ‘| lrdMZ^yfU‘² H$s {MÝVm‘{U Q>rH$m Ho$ 4 g§ñH$aU, dmVm©‘mbm H$s MyS>m‘{U Q>rH$m Ho$ 3
g§ñH$aU, B©em{XXemon{ZfXm| H$s JyS>mW©Xr{nH$mAm| Ho$ 2-2 g§ñH$aU Am¡a JrVm ì¶m»¶mZ ‘mbm Ho$ 6 IÊS>m| ‘|
{H$gr Ho$ 3 {H$gr Ho$ 4 g§ñH$aU hmo MwHo$ h¢& lr ñdm{‘M[aVm‘¥V {eî¶m| Ûmam h¡&
XodVm {ච{Xì¶Xod lr ñdr‘rOr ‘hmamO Ûmam à{VîR>m{nV Xod-‘pÝXa Ed§ {dÚm Ho$ÝÐ
(pX²>ì¶ Xoe)
1. lr d¡Hw$ÊR>ZmW {XìdXoe-{gÕml‘, ~³ga ({~hma)
2. lr JOoÝБmoj XodñWmZ‘²-h[ahajoÌ, gmoZnwa ({~hma)
3. lr bú‘rdoL²>H$Q>oída XodñWmZ‘k-Xod[a¶m (CÎma àXoe)
Xodm¶VZ
1. lr bú‘rZmam¶U ‘pÝXa, ~³ga (nyd© ñWm{nV ‘pÝXa H$m {dH$mg Ed§ {dñVma)
2. lr H$mogboe gXZ-A¶moܶm (CÎma àXoe)
3. lr am‘mZwOmMm¶© ‘R>, J¶m ({~hma)
4. lr Zmdma ‘R>, OJÝZmWnwar (Amo{S‹ >em)
5. lr {dO¶mamKd ‘pÝXa, S>ohar-Am°Z=gmoZ ({~hma)
6. lr bú‘r Z¥qgh ‘pÝXa, H$mer (CÎma àXoe)
7. lr doL²>H$Q>oe ‘pÝXa, nMé{I¶m, amO{J[a ({~hma)
8. lr amYmH¥$îU ‘pÝXa, dmUrnwa, ny{U©¶m ({~hma)
9. lr am‘ ‘pÝXa, ‘whëbm H$Q>am, N>nam ({~hma)
10. lr Jmonmb ‘pÝXa, A{‘¶mda, amhVmg ({~hma)
11. lr doL²>H$Q>oe ‘pÝXa, bmVya
12. lr amYmH¥$îU ‘pÝXa, am±Mr ({~hma)
13. lr doUwJonmb ‘pÝXa, XmCXZJa, Am¡a“m~mX ({~hma)
14. lr aKwZmW ‘pÝXa, XmCXZJa, Am¡a“m~mX ({~hma)
15. lr H¥$îU ‘pÝXa,{Z‘oO, ^moOnwa ({~hma)
16. lr amYmH¥$îU ‘pÝXa, ‘hþAar, amohVmg ({~hma)
17. lr bjårZmam¶U ‘pÝXa, e§H$anwa, amohVmg ({~hma)
18. Lr grVmam‘ ‘pÝXa, Oåhmoa, Am¡a§Jm~mX ({~hma)
19. lr OJÝZmW ‘pÝXa, ídoVJ“m na, nwar (Amo{‹S>em)
20. lr bú‘r Z¥qgh ‘pÝXa, àôbmX KmQ>, H$mer (CÎma àXoe)
21. lr g§H$Q>‘moMZ ‘pÝXa, ~hþdmam, ~{b¶m (CÎma àXoe)
22. lr bú‘rZmam¶U ‘pÝXa, Xod Am¡a§Jm~mX ({~hma)
23. lr amYmH¥$îU ‘pÝXa, {~hQ>m O§Jb, emhOhm±nwa (Cda àXoe)
24. lr am‘ ‘pÝXa, g±H$ar, J¶m&
25. lr bjårZmam¶U ‘pÝXa-h[aÛma (CÎma àXoe)
26. lr am‘ ‘pÝXa, nrnaS>rh ({~hma)
27. lr doL²>H$Q>oe ‘pÝXa, ^¥JwjoÌ, ~{b¶m (CÎma àXoe)
28. lr í¶m‘gwÝXa ‘pÝXa, MÝXm^mar, AmO‘J‹T> (CÎma àXoe)
29. lr grVmam‘ ‘pÝXa, bmYmg&
30. lr am‘ ‘pÝXa, H$m±da, H$mer (CÎma àXoe)
31. lr ‘hmdra ‘pÝXa, {ednmbnwa&
32. lr grVmam‘ ‘pÝXa, JBZr&
33. lr doL²>H$Q>oe ‘pÝXa, XYrMml‘, N>nam ({~hma)
34. lr OmZH$sa‘U ‘pÝXa, Z¶m~mOma, Mnam ({~hma)
35. lr amYmH¥$îU ‘pÝXa, ZaJXm, ^moOnwa ({~hma)
36. lr bú‘rZmam¶U ‘pÝXa, kmZJwXar, d¥ÝXmdZ (CÎma àXoe)
37. lr draamKd ‘pÝXa, Q>‹S>dm±, amohVmg ({~hma)
38. lr amYmH¥$îU ‘pÝXa, H$ÀN>bm, ~Xm¶y± (CÎma àXoe)
39. lr {ÌXpÊS>Xod gËg“ml‘, S>ohar, amohVmg ({~hma)
40. lr bjårZmam¶U ‘pÝXa, ‘hWy, Am¡a“m~mX ({~hma)
41. lr grVmam‘ ‘pÝXa, ~‹S>H$s I‹S>m±d, ^moOnwa ({~hma)
42. lr bú‘rZmam¶U ‘pÝXa, bú‘Unwa, ^moOnwa ({~hma)
43. lr am‘ ‘pÝXa, VnmodZ, Zm{gH$&
44. lr bú‘rZmam¶U ‘pÝXa, AXaInwa {X¶mam, ^moOnwa&
45. lr nËW[a¶memhr Z¶m ‘R>, nwar (Amo{S‹ >em)
46. lr grVmam‘ ‘pÝXa, Jwahm, ~Xm¶y± (CÎma àXoe)
47. lr grVmam‘ ‘pÝXa, h[ahanwa, ^moOnwa ({~hma)
48. lr ‘hmbú‘r ‘pÝXa, H$m±da, H$mer (CÎma àXoe)
49. lr ‘h‹S>m¡ar ‘pÝXa ({dH$mg-{dñVma) H$m±da, H$mer&
50. lr am‘ ‘pÝXa, {Z‘oO, ^moOnwa ({~hma)
51. lr amYmH¥$îU ‘pÝXa, nmÊS>o¶nwa, ^moOnwa ({~hma)
52. lr am‘ ‘pÝXa, ^r‘nQ²>Q>r, Z¡ZrOmoa, ^moOnwa ({~hma)
53. lr am‘ ‘pÝXa, gmoZ~agm, ^moOnwa ({~hma)
54. lr bjårZmam¶U ‘pÝXa, H$ÀN>dm±, amohVmg ({~hma)
55. lr grVmam‘ ‘pÝXa, gbo‘nwa, nbm‘y ({~hma)
56. lr hZy‘mZ ‘pÝXa, M‘anwa, ^moOnwa ({~hma)
57. lr doL²>H$Q>oe ‘pÝXa, Mm¡amgr, amohVmg ({~hma)
Cn¶w©º$ {Xì¶Xoe Ed§ Xodm¶VZm| Ho$ Abmdm nyÁ¶nmX Zo ào[aV H$a ~hþV go nwamZo ‘pÝXam| Ed§ JmoajUr Am{X H$m ^r
OrUm}Õma H$am¶m& Hw$N> Vnmo{ZîR> ^mdYZr ‘hmË‘d¥ÝX Zo ‘hmamOlr Ho$ OrdZH$mb ‘| hr AMm©-gpÝZ{Y {Z{‘©V
H$am lr‘mZ² H$m AMm© {dJ«h ñWm{ZV {H$¶m h¡& à{gÕ Vnñdr lrI‹S>oíar Or ‘hmamO Zo {OÝh| CÎma àXoe ‘| J§Jm
{H$Zmao Ho$ ^º$ I{‹S>¶m ~m~m H$hm H$aVo h¢), lr {ÌXÊS>rñdm‘rOr ‘hmamO Ho$ AMm©{dJ«h H$s à{VîR>m dfm] nyd©
H$am¶r h¡&
‘wJbgam¶ go ~bwAm KmQ> VH$ OmZodmbr g‹S>H$ go gQ>o hr nwʶ^y{‘ ‘hþAmar, H¡$bmdb Ed§ {dgmonwa Ho$ ‘ܶ lr
I‹S>oídar Or ‘hmamO X²>Mmam ñWm{nV {demb Xodmb¶ h¡& Bg‘| EH$ Va’$ lrgrVmam‘ Or, lr amYmH¥$îU Or, lr
hZy‘mZ² Or Ed§ lr XþJm©‘mVmOr H$s gpÝZ{Y¶m± h¢ Am¡a BZgo bJo hþE lr ñdm‘rOr ‘hmamO H$s gpÝZ{Y h¡, {Og‘|
‘hmamOlr H$s AMm©‘y{V© n«[VpîR>V h¡&
O.Jw.am.lr Zmam¶UmMm¶© {ÌXÊS>r ñdm‘rOr ‘hmamO Zo ^r lrbú‘rZ¥qgh ‘pÝXa ‘| AmMm¶©-gpÝZ{Y H$mo {Z{‘©V
H$am aOV qghmgZ na lr ñdm‘r Or ‘hmamO Ho$ ^ì¶ {MÌ H$m nQ²>Q>m{^foH$ H$am Ed§ gmW-gmW lrnmX H$m gd©
{dY H¡$L²>H$¶© H$amVo h¢& gåà{V lr‘mZ² H$m AVH$ à¶mg h¡ {H$ nyÁ¶nmX Añ‘XmMm¶© lr ñdm‘r Or ‘hmamO H$s
AdVma ñWbr {eeam‹T> ({O. ~³ga) ‘| AmMm¶©nrR> H$m {Z‘m©U hmo Om¶& Bg ‘pÝXa H$m {Z‘m©U H$m¶© àmaå^ h¡&
{eeam‹T> ‘| {Z‘m©UmYrZ ñ‘maH$ ñdê$n AMm¶©nrR> go EH$ Amoa Ohm± ‘hmamOlr Ho$ AdVaU H$s JmWm H$m
CëboI hmoJm dht Xÿgar Amoa {gÕml‘, (M[aÌdZ) ~³ga ‘| J§Jm VQ> na lr{ÌXpÊS>XodYm‘ ‘| X{jUm˶ e¡br ‘|
{Z{‘©V hmo ahm g‘m{Y ‘pÝXa gwXÿa ^{dî¶ VH$ Amem Am¡a AmñWm H$m EH$ ‘{UXrn hmoJm& nyÁ¶nmX lr ñdm‘r Or
‘hmamO Ho$ MaUm{lV gd©{dY ^º$m|-J¥hñW Ed§ {daº$ gÁOZm| H$s ghm¶Vm go, AmMm¶© H¥$nmdemV² lr MaUm| ‘|
gd©Wm g‘{n©V lrbú‘rànÝZ Or¶a ñdm‘rOr H$s Vnmo‘¶r CnpñW{V ‘| Bg nmdZ Ym‘ H$m {Z‘m©U Mb ahm h¡
Ama Aå~m g{hV ^JdmZ² lr bjårZmam¶U Ed§ d¡Hw$ÊR>ZmW Or go Ed§ nydm©Mm¶m] go gmîQ>m“ à{UnmV nwa:ga ¶h
¶mMZm h¡ {H$ ¶h {Xì¶Ym‘ Abm¡{H$H$ Ed§ AZwn‘ ê$n go AmO h‘mao O¡go AZmWm| H$m ZmWÛmam hmo Om¶&
à{VîR>m{nV {dÚm Ho$ÝÐ
1. lr {ÌXpÊS>Xod Amdmgr¶ g§ñH¥$V ‘hm{dÚmb¶, M{ÌdZ, ~³ga&
2. lr {ÌXpÊS>Xod Amdmgr¶ g§ñH¥$V CÀM‘hm{dÚmb¶, M{ÌdZ, ~³ga&
3. lr ~«÷M¶m©l‘ ‘hm{dÚmb¶, kmZJwX‹S>r, d¥ÝXmdZ&
4. lr {ÌXpÊS>Xod g§ñH¥$V ‘hm{dÚmb¶, H$mogboe gXZ, A¶moܶm&
5. lr {ÌXpÊS>Xod Am¶wd}X ‘hm{dÚmb¶, H$aOam, J¶m&
6. lr {dîUw {dÚmb¶, ~ÝYwN>nam, ^moOnwa&
7. lr am‘H¥$îU {dÚmb¶, {gVm~{X¶mam, N>nam&
8. lr AZÝV {dÚmb¶, {gZhm KmQ>, Amam&
9. lr am‘mZwO {dÚmb¶, H$mer&
10. lr {djwUZmW {dÚmb¶, ~ÝYwN>nam, ^moOnwa&
11. lr {ÌXpÊS>Xod ‘hm{dÚmb¶, nZ‘mar, B˶m{X&
^ºo$e ^º${චlrñdm‘rOr ‘hmamO Ho$ nmdZ M{aV go gå~pÝYV H${Vn¶ aMZmE±
J«ÝW/aMZm H$m Zm‘
1. AW lr {ÌXpÊS> ñdm{‘Zm§ àn{Îm: aM{¶Vm-lrbú‘rànÝZmMm¶© Or, ~{b¶m&
2. AW lr {ÌXpÊS> ñdm{‘Zm§ ‘§JbmemgZ‘² aM{¶Vm-lrbú‘rànÝZmMm¶© Or, ~{b¶m&
3. AW lr {ÌXpÊS> ñdm{‘Zm§ gwà^mV‘² aM{¶Vm-lrbú‘rànÝZmMm¶© Or, ~{b¶m&
4. lrgoZoe JwéMæ¶m© aM{¶Vm-lrbú‘rànÝZmMm¶© Or, ~{b¶m&
5. lr ñdm{‘M[aVm‘¥V‘² nyÁ¶nmX lr ñdm‘rOr ‘hmamO Ho$ H¡$L²>H$¶©-{ZîR> ~«÷Mm[ad¥ÝX d¡.dm.lr MVw^wO
© ñdm‘r
(àW‘ go fmoS>e IÊS> VH$) Or Ed§ lrnmXgodH$ lr gwXe©ZmMm¶© ~«÷Mmar ñdm‘r Or H$s gËàoaUm go {d{^ÝZ
¶k g{‘{V¶m| Ûmam n§. lram‘ànÝZmMm¶© emñÌrOr, lr {gÕoída nmR>H$ Or, Ed§
àmo. gwXm‘m qgh Am{X Ho$ gånmXH$Ëd ‘| àH$m{eV&
6. lrñdm{‘M[aV‘ÄOar(g§{jßV OrdZ d¥Îm)-n§. Lr {gÕoída nmR>H$Or, gm{h˶mMm¶©, E‘.E. ~r.Q>r.&
7. ^OZ g§J«h g§H$b{¶Vm-lrnmX godH$ gwXe©ZmMm¶© ~«÷Mmar ñdm‘r Or&
8. lr {ÌXpÊS>Xod ^OZm‘¥V g§H$bZ H$Vm©-lrJ§Jm{dîUw ñdm‘rOr
(lr am‘d«V qgh ¶mXd, {edYZr qgh ¶mXd, lr naewam‘ {‘lOr, (JXmYa am‘mZwO, lr d¡îUd Xmg),
n§. lr bú‘U {ÌnmR>r Or, lr MH«$nm{UOr, lr lrZmWOr, lr {ÌXpÊS>Xdo empÝVdZ, {I{‹S>{H$¶m KmQ>,
lr gwXm‘m ¶mXd Or (dmamUgr), Ed§ àmo. gwXm‘m qgh H$mer, àH$meH$-lr ^JraW ¶mXd emñÌr,
Ho$ ^OZm| H$m g§J«h nH$‹S>r, H$mer&
9. AW lr{X²>XpÊS>ñdm{‘Zm§ àUdm{XZ‘moÝVm AîQ>mÎo maeVZm‘mdbr àmo. gwXm‘m qgh
10. lr {ÌXpÊS>ñdm{‘ ghòZm‘ ñVmoÌ‘² àmo. gwXm‘m qgh
11. AZÝV-gÝXoe, lr {ÌXpÊS>ñdm‘r {deofmL²>H$ gånmXH$-n§. Ho$edXod emñÌrOr (dmñVo)
‘B©, 2000, lr am‘mZwOmãX 984 (df©-28, A§H$-12) n§. AmMm¶© Zaoe MÝÐ e‘m© Zmam¶U Or&

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