TOEFL Preparation

Sunu Farid Lathif, MA

TOEFL & IELTS Certified Trainer
CEO Royal English Group, Malang
MA in ELT, King’s College, University of London

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Pengertian

Reduced Clause adalah penghapusan Subject yang sama dalam sebuah

kalimat.

Pada active voice cukup menggunakan Verb-ing.

Because working in the office, he never does exercise.
(Because he works in the office, he never does exercise.)

Pada passive voice, cukup menggunakan Verb 3.

After invited by The Queen Elizabeth, I try to find best suit).
(After I am invited The Queen Elizabeth, I try to find the best suit)

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Reduced Clause

Kalimat biasa Kalimat Reduced Clause Active

Although he is not healthy, he will go to the Although not healthy, he will go to

concert. school.
When you speak English, your look like a native. When speaking English, you look like a
native.
If you are invited, you may bring two mates. If invited, you may bring two mates.

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Analisis Soal

•If not satisfied, you can return the bag.

•Steve has to learn how to cook since left
home.
•When purchased at this store, you can get
bonus.

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Contoh soal

1. When _____ nest during spring, Canadian geese are

fiercely teritorial.
a. building c. built
b. are building d. are built
2. Until _____ incorrect, astronomers had assumed that the
earth is not flat.
a. They c. the astronomers proven
b. Their proof d. proven

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Summary

1. Reduced Clause berarti mengurangi kata yang sama.

2. Reduced Clause Ving berarti aktif, V3 berarti pasif.

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THANK YOU
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TOEFL Preparation
Sunu Farid Lathif, MA
TOEFL & IELTS Certified Trainer
CEO Royal English Group, Malang
MA in ELT, King’s College, University of London

081 555 9010 40

Error Recognition

• Apa itu error recognition?

• ER adalah tipe soal mencari kata yang salah di TOEFL Structure &
Written Expression.

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Hati hati dengan preposition

Hati hati dengan prepositional phrase

• The student is excellent.
• The students are excellent.
• The students in my university is excellent.
• The student in my university is excellent.

Exercise:
• The subject of the lectures were interesting.
• The supplies for the camping trip needs to be packed.
• The chairs under the table in the dining room is quite comfortable.

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Subject yang selalu tunggal

Anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything,

nobody, someone, somebody, each, every
• Each student in my class has a pen.
• Everyone needs respect.

Exercise:
• Anybody are welcome at the party.
• Someone have to clean up the house.
• Each plant in the garden appear healthy and strong.

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Verb after Modal

Modal + V1 tanpa S/ES

• She will go to school.
Modal + be Ving
• She will be sleeping
Modal + be V3
• They must be invited

Exercise:
• Everyone must leaves the room immediately
• I could sat on the beach for hours
• She will asking you many questions

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Parallel

Parallel Verb
• I wan to eat, sleep, and having a great vacation.
Parallel Noun
• I want to be a businessman, a teacher, and study.
Parallel Adjective
• She is beautiful, smart and student.
Parallel Paired Conjunction
• She is either a teacher or a smart student.

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Countable and uncountable noun

Countable Uncountable
• Many Much
• Number Amount
• Few Little
Example:
• Cone shells live in much different seas and feed mainly on small
fish and worms.
• Implosive consonants occur in many different language, but they
are common in American Indian and African languages.

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Subject - Object
Subject Object
• He him
• She her
• It it
•I me
• They them
• We us
• You you
Example:
• They helped she with the work.
• Her and George came over to visit I.
• We offered she a place to stay.

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Possessives Pronoun
Dependent Independent
• My mine It is my book. It is mine.
• Your yours It is your book. It is yours
• His his
• Her hers
• Its its
• Our ours
• Their theirs

• Dependent+ Noun
• Independent No Noun

• She will cut hers hair recently.

• Please lend me yours notes from the history lecture.
• Our appointment is just after your.

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The number VS A number

The number + singular

• The number of people we need to hire is thirteen
A number + plural
• A number of people have written some complaints notice to the
government.

Exercise:
• The number of people lined up for tickets was/were four hundred.
• A number of suggestions was/were made.
• There is/are a number of important announcements in the bulletin.

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Adjectives and Adverbs

Adjective digunakan untuk menjelaskan noun.

• She is a beautiful student.
Adverb digunakan untuk menjelaskan Verb dan adjective.
• She runs quickly.
• It is really dangerous.

Exercise:
• The performance was careful prepared
• The teacher should speak extreme loud as there are 50 students.

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Exercise

• Superman made their comic debut in 1938 in Action Comics.

• Every human tipically have one head, two hands and legs.
• A banckrupty may be either voluntary nor involuntary.
• Uranus is the seventh planets from the Sun.
• Light can travels from Sun to Earth in eight minutes.

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Summary

1. Inti dari ER adalah mencari kata yang salah dalam kaidah

bahasa Inggris.
2. Sering membaca bacaan bahasa Inggris akan menambah
insting kita terhadap soal ER.

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THANK YOU
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