1.

Pencemaran laut
anna.ida3@gmail.com
DEFINISI

 Pencemaran :
kejadian dan masukan limbah dan dampak dari
limbah tersebut terhadap lingkungan

 Pencemaran Laut :
“the introduction by humans into the marine
environment, directly or indirectly, of substances or
energy that can lead to deleterious effects on e.g.
biological systems, human health, fisheries, or reduce
the quality of the environment for use by the leisure
industry”
TIPE POLUTAN

 Buangan limbah  material

yang mengandung karbon
 Nutrien *  pada
konsentrasi tinggi
 Logam berat *
 Hidrokarbon *
 Komponen organik sintetik
 Plastik
 Radio-nuclida
 Heat
SUMBER POLUTAN

 Domestic effluents
 Industrial effluents [direct
(outfalls) and indirect (e.g. via
atmosphere)]
 Ship origin (sinking tankers,
washing tanks, anti-fouling agents
etc)
 Non-Point Source Pollution –
 comes from many sources

 Point-Source Pollution –
 one specific source
Non point source

 Sebagian
besar Aktivitas
Aktivitas
manusia di
pencemaran manusia di darat
sungai & laut
di laut
merupakan Runoff dari
non point pertanian
dan alami
source

Bermuara ke laut
  Trash dumping
Point source
 Sludge dumping
 Oil spills

Sludge from raw sewage

dumped into oceans

Clean-up is still difficult

But easier than non-point source
pollution

http://coastalcare.org/2009/11/pl
astic-pollution/
AKIBAT POLUTAN

 Toksisitas pada tubuh

 Efek sub-lethal
 Bioakumulasi pada jaring makanan
FATE POLUTAN DI LAUT
(Harrison, 2001)
FATE POLUTAN DI LAUT

 Sumber :
 River runoff
 Atmospheric deposition
 Anthropogenic pathways : dumping, deliberate coastal
discharge, offshore operational discharge
(Harrison, 2001)
 Circulation
patterns :
transport
via marine
circulation
system

(Harrison, 2001)
  Sea water
reactivity :
Biochemical
Process
(Harrison, 2001)
 Polutan masuk ke
laut

Mempengaruhi
Sirkulasi transpor
organisme, air
laut
dan sedimen

Proses removal
Terdeposit ke
oleh sistem
sedimen
biogeokimia
OKSIGEN
 PENTING ????
o Elemen kimia penting di air
o Digunakan secara cepat untuk oksidasi

 Tingkat oksigen yang digunakan/dikonsumsi

mikroorganisme untuk melakukan oksidasi :

Biochemical oxygen demand (or

biological oxygen demand), BOD
 Hubungan oksigen dan Polutan ???

Mikroorganisme
melakukan
oksidasi
terhadap polutan
yang terdapat di
perairan
 o free of
oxidizable • the addition
• highofbacterial
material oxidizablepopulation
pollutant
o oxygen level •
is the oxygen level
• very lowdrops
• the bacterial because reaeration
highdecreases oxygen levels
population cannot •keep up with
o bacterial terminates
• the dissolved oxygen oxygen consumption
population is when the
level increases the bacterial
relative low • oxidizable
population rises is
pollutant
exhausted
 Masalah yang berkaitan dengan BOD :

• Serious • Oxygen
problem depletion
• Anoxia
Input
BOD >
BOD
ability
tinggi
receiving
O2

Renewal Input
O2 > BOD =
BOD suply O2
• No • Depletion
pollutant oxygen
maybe
LIMBAH YANG MEMERLUKAN OKSIGEN