DRUG STUDY

TABIJE, ARVIE JAYSELLE P.

MARBELLA, IVY

NOVEMBER 2019
DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATIONS/ SIDE EFFECTS/ ADVERSE NURSING
CONTRAINDICATIONS EFFECTS RESPONSIBILITIES
Generic Name: CNS: Abnormal gait,  Advise patient
Donezepil Reversibly inhibits  History of agitation, anxiety, to take
acetylcholinesterase hypersensitivity asthenia, donezepil just
Brand Name: and improves to piperidine depression, before going to
Aricept acetylcholine’s derivatives dizziness, dream bed.
concentration at  Cautions: disturbances,  Inform that
Drug classification: cholinergic Asthma, COPD, fatigue, fever, drug may be
Anti- alzheimer’s/ synapses. Raising bradycardia, bladder headache, hostility, taken with or
cholinergics the acetylcholine outflow obstruction, insomnia, without food.
level in the history of ulcer nervousness,  Instruct
Dosage: cerebral cortex may disease, those seizures, patient to
10mg tab improve cognition. taking concurrent somnolence, syncope, avoid hazardous
Donepezil becomes NSAIDs, tremor. activities such
Frequency: less effective as supraventricular as driving,
ODHS Alzheimer’s disease cardiac conduction CV: Abnormal ECG, until drug’s
progresses and the disturbances. bradycardia, chest CNS effects are
Route: number of intact pain, edema, heart known.
PO cholinergic neurons failure,  Encourage to
declines. hypertension, take safety
hypotension. precautions to
prevent falling
GI: Abdominal pain, when
anorexia, experiencing
constipation, adverse rxns
diarrhea, dyspepsia, such as
gastroenteritis, dizziness.
fecal  If patient has
incontinence,nausea, history of
vomiting, peptic ulcer
disease or
gastric
irritation
explain that
drug may
 aggravate
conditions by
increasing
gastric acid
secretion.
 Caution patient
to avoid NSAIDS
during therapy
because of risk
if GI bleeding.

DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATIONS/ SIDE EFFECTS/ NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE EFFECTS
Generic name:
Tacrine Inhibits enzyme Asthma, COPD,  Mild muscle  Assess cognitive
acetylcholinesterase, bradycardia, cramps, function (eg.,
Brand name: increasing bladder outflow fatigue, memory, attention,
Cognex concentration of obstruction, vomiting, reasoning)
acetylcholine at history of ulcer anorexia,  Obtain baseline vital
Drug cholinergic synapses, disease, those ecchymosis. signs.
classification: enhancing cholinergic taking concurrent  Nausea,  Assess history for
Cholinesterase function in CNS. NSAIDs, diarrhea, peptic ulcer, urinary
Inhibitors supraventricular headache, obstruction, asthma,
cardiac conduction insomnia, COPD, seizure
Dosage: disturbances. nonspecific disorder, cardiac
10 mg pain, conduction
dizziness. disturbances.
Frequency:  Monitor behavior,
QID mood/cognitive
function, ADL.
Route: Monitor for
PO cholinergic reaction
(GI
discomfort/cramping,
excessive
seating/diaphoresis),
lacrimation, pallor.
 Monitor for nausea,
diarrhoea, headache,
insomnia.
 DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATIONS/ SIDE EFFECTS/ NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE EFFECTS

Generic name: Inhibits enzyme  Mild to Nausea, vomiting,  Obtain baseline vital
Rivastigmine acetylcholinesterase, moderate loss of signs.
increasing dementia of the appetite/weight  Assess history for
Brand name: concentration of Alzheimer's loss, diarrhea,
peptic ulcer, urinary
weakness, dizziness,
Exelon acetylcholine at type. obstruction, asthma,
drowsiness, and
cholinergic synapses,  Dementia shakiness (tremor), COPD, seizure
Drug enhancing cholinergic associated with slow/irregular disorder.
classification: function in CNS. Parkinson’s heartbeat, fainting,  Monitor behavior,
Cholinesterase disease. black stools, vomit mood/cognitive
Inhibitor that looks like function, ADL.
coffee grounds, Monitor for
Dosage: severe cholinergic reaction
1.5 mg stomach/abdominal (GI
pain, seizures,
discomfort/cramping,
trouble urinating
Frequency: excessive
QID seating/diaphoresis),
lacrimation, pallor.
Route:  Monitor for nausea,
PO diarrhoea, headache,
insomnia.
 Take with meals (at
breakfast & dinner)
 Swallow the capsule
whole.
 DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATIONS/ SIDE EFFECTS/ ADVERSE NURSING
CONTRAINDICATIONS EFFECTS RESPONSIBILITIES

Generic name: Galantamine is a  Nausea,  Assess

Galantamine phenanthrene alkaloid For the treatment of vomiting, cognitive,
and a reversible, mild to moderate  difficulty behavioural,
Brand name: competitive dementia of the urinating functional
Razadyne acetylcholinesterase Alzheimer's type.  blood in the deficits of pt.
inhibitor. It is not Has also been urine  Assess serum
Drug classification: structurally related investigated in  pain or hepatic/renal
Antidementia to other patients with mild burning while function tests.
acetylcholinesterase cognitive impairment urinating  Monitor
Dosage: inhibitors. who did not meet the  seizures cognitive,
4 mg Galantamine's diagnostic criteria behavioural,
 shortness of
proposed mechanism of for Alzheimer's functional
breath
Frequency: action involves the disease. status of pt.
 black and
BID reversible inhibition tarry stools  Evaluate EKG,
of periodic rhythm
 red blood in
Route: acetylcholinesterase, strips in pts
the stools
PO which prevents the with underlying
 bloody vomit
hydrolysis of aarhythmias.
 vomit that
acetycholine, leading  Assess for
looks like
to an increased evidence of GI
coffee
concentration of disturbances
grounds
acetylcholine at (n/v, diarrhea,
cholinergic synapses. anorexia,
Galantamine also weight loss).
binds allosterically  Take with meals
with nicotinic (reduces risk
acetylcholine of nausea).
receptors and may  Avoid tasks
possibly potentiate that require
the action of alertness,
agonists (such as
 acetylcholine) at motor skills
these receptors until response
to drug is
established.
 Report
persistent GI
disturbances.

DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATIONS/ SIDE EFFECTS/ ADVERSE NURSING

CONTRAINDICATIONS EFFECTS RESPONSIBILITIES
Generic name: Improve blood  Allergic skin  Assess for use
Ginko Biloba circulation, which reactions of
might help the brain,  Bleeding anticoagulants,
fossil tree, eyes, ears, and legs Contraindications disorders antiplatelets,
maidenhair tree, function better. It Hypersensitivity  Constipation MAOIs.
tanakan. may act as an  Contact  Assess for
antioxidant to slow Avoid prior to dermatitis history of
Brand name: down Alzheimer's surgery: may cause (topical use) bleeding
disease and interfere bleeding.  Diarrhea disorders,
with changes in the  Dizziness diabetes,
Dosage: brain that might Attempting  Impaired seizures.
40 mg, 60 mg cause problems with conception. fertility  Monitor for
thinking. hypersensitivity
 Headache
Frequency: reaction, serum
 Nausea/vomiting
120-160 mg a day Ginkgo seeds contain glucose.
substances that might  Palpitations
 Restlessness  Avoid use with
Route: kill the bacteria and anticoagulants,
PO fungi that cause  Seizures
antiplatelets.
infections in the  Stomach upset
 May take up to 6
body. The seeds also  Subdural
months before
contain a toxin that hematoma
effectiveness is
can cause serious  Weakness noted.
side effects like  Vertigo (rare)  Do not use
seizures and loss of  Case reports of
during
consciousness. spontaneous pregnancy,
bleeding from breastfeeding.
iris (in the  Avoid use in
eye) when used children
with aspirin.

DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATIONS/ SIDE EFFECTS/ ADVERSE NURSING

CONTRAINDICATIONS EFFECTS RESPONSIBILITIES
 NONSTEROIDAL
ANTI-INFLMMATORY Exact mechanism for Provide symptomatic  irritation or
anti-inflammatory, relief from pain
DRUGS (NSAIDS)
analgesic, pain/inflammation in  heartburn
antipyretic effects the treatment of  gas
 Aspirin
unknown. Inhibition musculoskeletal  diarrhea or
 Celecoxib
of enzyme disorders (e.g., constipation
(Celebrex)
cyclogenase, the rheumatoid  bleeding and
 Diclofenac enzyme responsible arthritis,
(Voltaren) ulcers
for prostaglandin osteoarthritis,  nausea
 Diflunisal synthesis, appears ankylosing
(Dolobid)  vomiting
to be a major spondylitis),  dizziness
 Etodolac mechanism of action. analgesic for low to
(Lodine)  balance
May inhibit other moderate pain,
 Fenoprofen problems
mediators of reduction in fever
(Nalfon)  trouble
inflammation (e.g., (many agents not
 Flurbiprofen concentrating
leukotrienes). suited for
(Ansaid) Direct action on routine/prolonged
 Ibuprofen hypothalamus heat- therapy due to
(Advil, regulating center toxicity). By virtue
Caldolor, may contribute to of its action on
Motrin) antipyretic effect. platelet function,
 Indomethacin aspirin is used in
(Indocin) treatment or
 Ketoprofen prophylaxis of
(Orudis KT) diseases associated
 Ketorolac with
(Toradol) hypercoagulability
 Meloxicam (reduces risk of
(Mobic) stroke/heart attack)
 Nabumetone
(Relafen)
 Naproxen
(Anaprox,
 Naprosyn)
 Oxaprozin
(Daypro)
 Piroxicam
(Feldene)
 Sulindac
(Clinoril)
 Tolmetin
( Tolectin)

DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATIONS/ SIDE EFFECTS/ ADVERSE NURSING

CONTRAINDICATIONS EFFECTS RESPONSIBILITIES
Generic name: Prevents oxidation INDICATION:  Contact  Swallow
VITAMIN E of vitamins A and C,  treatment of dermatitis, tablets/capsules
protects fatty acids Vitamin E sterile abcess whole; do not
Brand name: from attack by free deficiency crush or chew.
Aquasol E radicals, and  Toxicity
protects RBCs from consists of
Drug classification: hemolysis by blurred vision,
Nutritional oxidizing agents. diarrhea,
Supplement dizziness,
nausea,
Dosage: headache, flu-
60-75 units/day like symptoms.
 Consume foods
rich in vitamin
E, including
vegetable oils,
vegetable
shortening,
margarine, leafy
vegetables,
milk, eggs and
meat.

DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATIONS/ SIDE EFFECTS/ ADVERSE NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
CONTRAINDICATIONS EFFECTS
Generic name: Increases synthesis INDICATIONS:  Frequent:  Assess
Conjugated of DNA, RNA,  Vasomotor vaginal frequency/severity
Estrogens various proteins in symptoms bleeding of vasomotor
target tissues; associated with (spotting, symptoms.
Drug reduces release of menopause. breakthrough  Assess BP
classification: gonadotropin- bleeding); periodically.
Estogen releasing hormone, CONTRAINDICATIONS: breast  Assess for edema,
reduces follicle-  Breast cancer pain/tenderness weigh daily.
Dosage: stimulating hormone (except in pts ; gynecomastia.  Monitor for loss
0.3-0.625 mg/day (FSH) and being treated for of vision,
luteinizing hormone metastatic  Occasional: diplopia,
(LH) release. disease), hepatic headache, migraine,
disease, history hypertension, thromboembolic
of concurrent intolerance to disorder, sudden
thrombophlebitis, contact lenses. onset of
undiagnosed proptosis.
abnormal vaginal  High doses:
bleeding, and Anorexia,
pregnancy. nausea
 Cautions:
- Epilepsy,  Rare: Loss of
asthma, scalp hair,
migraine depression.
headaches,
diabetes,
cardiac/renal
dysfunction.
History of
severe
hypocalcemia,
lupus
erythmatosis,
porphyria,
 endometriosis,
gallbladder
disease,
familial
defects of
lipoprotein
metabolism.

DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATIONS/ SIDE EFFECTS/ ADVERSE NURSING

CONTRAINDICATIONS EFFECTS RESPONSIBILITIES
 CALCIUM CHANNEL Reduce blood INDICATIONS  Ankle swelling  Inquire
BLOCKERS pressure by  Supraventricular (oedema) complete health
inhibiting flow of tachyarrhythmia  Negative history of
- Amlodipine extracellular (only verapamil ionotropic patient.
(Norvasc) calcium across cell and diltiazem) effects (only  Monitor blood
- Dilitiazem CD membranes of  Decrease with verapamil pressure and
(Cardizem CD) vascular tissue, coronary exacerbate pulse before
- Felodipine relaxing arterial vascular heart failure) and during
- Nifedipine XL smooth muscle. resistance  Constipation therapy
(Adalat CC)  Dysrhythmia (Verapamil)  Check fluid
Verapamil SR (Calan  Variant Angina  Dizziness intake and
SR)  Exertional  Flushing output.
Angina  Urinary  Check
 Unstable angina retention peripheral
 SR preparation (less) oedema, rashes
for hypertension  Headache and other s/s
 Myocardial  Dizziness related to the
Infarction  Nausea medicine
 Hypertension  Vomiting  Monitor BUN,
 Heart Failure serum
(only potassium,
amlodipine) creatinine,
 Prophylaxis of AST, ALT, serum
migraine (only bilirubin
verapamil) level.
CONTRAINDICATIONS  Instruct
 Hypersensitivity patient how to
 Hepatic count pulse and
cirrhosis (can if pulse is
use with dose less than 55
adjustment) inform health
 Second or third practitioner.
 degree heart  If patient
block taking
 Bradycardia Nifedipine,
 Ventricular forbid to use
dysfunction grapefruit
 SA and AV nodal juice.
conduction  Instruct
disturbance patient to take
 Systolic blood caution while
pressure below changing the
90 mmHg posture.
 Counsel patient
with the
possible side
effects of the
medicine and
inform if feel
any.
