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MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

Lesson Objectives

At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to;

1. Describe the models of communication

2. Illustrate the models of communication

3. Differentiate the models of communication

SHANNON AND WEAVER MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

In 1948, Shannon was an American

mathematician, Electronic engineer and Weaver
was an American scientist both of them join
together to write an article in “Bell System
Technical Journal” called “A Mathematical Theory
of Communication” and also called as “Shannon-
Weaver model of communication”.

This model is specially designed to develop the effective communication

between sender and receiver. Also they find factors which affecting the
communication process called “Noise”. At first the model was developed to

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improve the Technical communication. Later it’s widely applied in the field of
Communication.

The model deals with various concepts like Information source,

transmitter, Noise, channel, message, receiver, channel, information
destination, encode and decode.

Sender: The originator of message or the information

source selects desire message

Encoder: The transmitter which converts the message into

signals

Note: The sender’s messages converted into signals like

waves or Binary data which is compactable to transmit
the messages through cables or satellites. For example: In telephone the
voice is converted into wave signals and it transmits through cables

Decoder: The reception place of the signal which converts

signals into message. A reverse process of encode

Note: The receiver converts those binary data or waves

into message which is comfortable and understandable for receiver.
Otherwise receiver can’t receive the exact message and it will affect the
effective communication between sender and receiver

Receiver: The destination of the message from sender

Note: Based on the decoded message the receiver

gives their feedback to sender. If the message distracted
by noise it will affect the communication flow between
sender and receiver

Noise: The messages are transferred from encoder to

decoder through channel. During this process the messages
may distracted or affected by physical noise like horn
sounds, thunder and crowd noise or encoded signals may
distract in the channel during the transmission process
which affect the communication flow or the receiver may not receive the
correct message.

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Note: The model is clearly deals with external noises only which
affect the messages or signals from external sources. For example: If
there is any problems occur in network which directly affect the mobile
phone communication or distract the messages.

Practical Example of Shannon-Weaver model of communication:

Thomson made call to his assistant

“Come here I want to see you”.
During his call, noise appeared
(Transmission error) and his assistant
received “I want” only.
Again Assistant asked Thomson (feedback)
“What do you want Thomson”.

Sender: Thomson

Encoder: Telephone (Thomson)

Channel: Cable

Noise: Distraction in voice

Reception: Telephone (Assistant)

Receiver: Assistant.

Due to transmission error or noise, Assistant can’t able to understand

Thomson’s messages.

Reference: https://www.communicationtheory.org/shannon-and-weaver-
model-of-communication/

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To fully understand what Shannon-Weaver Communication Model is, watch

this video: https://youtu.be/cgWpuY0MjR4

Aristotle’s Model of Communication

Aristotle Model is mainly focused on speaker and speech. It can be
broadly divided into 5 primary elements: Speaker, Speech, Occasion, Audience
and Effect. https://medium.com/@pragyamishra_84005/aristotles-model-of-
communication-
254aa568fb0a#:~:text=Aristotle%20Model%20is%20mainly%20focused,%2C%2
0Occasion%2C%20Audience%20and%20Effect.&text=The%20audience%20is%
20passive%2C%20influenced,way%2C%20from%20speaker%20to%20receiver

Aristotle (384-322 B.C) was a Greek

philosopher and writer born in Stagira,
Northern Greece. He was also the teacher of
Alexander the Great. He studied physics, logic,
mathematics, etc.

While exploring the human nature

scientifically, Aristotle developed a linear model
of communication for oral communication
known as Aristotle’s Model of Communication.
This is considered as the first model of
communication and was proposed before 300
B.C. It is also the is most widely accepted
among all communication models.

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Aristotle Model is mainly focused on speaker and speech. It can be

broadly divided into 5 primary elements: Speaker, Speech, Occasion,
Audience and Effect.

The Aristotle’s communication model is a

speaker centered model as the speaker has the
most important role in it and is the only one active.
It is the speaker’s role to deliver a speech to the
audience. The role of the audience is passive,
influenced by the speech. This makes the
communication process one way, from speaker to
receiver.

The speaker must organize the speech

beforehand, according to the target audience and
situation (occasion). The speech must be prepared
so that the audience be persuaded or influenced
from the speech.

He believed “Rhetoric” is the study of communication and persuasion

and different message or speech should be made for different audiences at
different situations to get desired effects or to establish propaganda. This model
was highly used to develop public speaking skills and create propaganda at
that time so; it is less focused on intrapersonal or interpersonal
communication.

Even if the model is speaker oriented and focuses on audience

interaction in communication, there is no concept of feedbacks.

For instance, a politician (speaker) gives a speech to get votes from the
civilians (audience) at the time of election (occasion). The civilians only vote if
they are influenced by the things the politician says in his speech so the

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content must be very impressive to influence the mass and the speaker must
design the message very carefully.

The speech must be clear as well as the speaker must have a very good
non-verbal communication with the audience like eye contact. This example is
a classic case of Aristotle Model of Communication depicting all the elements in
the model.

Watch this video: https://youtu.be/m7z8S2zkj7Q

Critical Elements of a Good Communicator

Aristotle has given 3 elements that must be present in a good communicator

or public speaker. These elements are related to each other and they reinforce
the other elements.

ETHOS
Ethos is the characteristic which makes you credible in front of
the audience. If there is no credibility, the audience will not
believe in you and will not be persuaded by you. Expertise and
positions also give credibility to a person.

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PATHOS
If what you say matters to them and they can connect with it,
then they will be more interested and they will think you are
more credible. Emotional bonds will make the audience
captivated and they feel the speaker is one of their own people.

LOGOS
Logos is logic. People believe in you only if they understand
what you are trying to say. People find logic in everything.
If there is no logic behind the speaker’s work or time, they
do not want to get involved. Everybody has a sense of
reason. You must present facts to the audience for them to
believe in you.

https://www.businesstopia.net/communication/aristotles-model-
communication

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TASK:

1. Illustrate and explain each of the two communication models

2. Write a brief essay that explains the differences between the two
communication models.

Please be guided with the following rubrics for number 1:

RUBRIC FOR ILLUSTRATION

Components Scale
Content Knowledge 2 3 4
(The illustration is correct and labelled
properly.)
Physical Presentation 1 2 3
(The illustration is easy to recognize and to read.)

Conventions (Grammar, Mechanics, Spelling, 1 2 3

Usage & Sentence formation)
TOTAL POINTS (10 pts)

Send your output to jessicacalbanttl2@gmail.com

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