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English
Quarter 2 - Module 6
Deliver a Prepared or Impromptu Talk on an Issue

Employing the Techniques in Public Speaking

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 What I Need to Know

Welcome to this module! You must be very eager to start with the learning activities
prepared for you. The activities in the module have been designed to provide you with rich
and stimulating learning experience.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the types of speeches according to delivery and its purpose;
2. distinguish the techniques in becoming public speaker;
3. deliver a prepared talk on an issue employing the techniques in public
speaking
General Directions:
A. This module is intended for 2 weeks (Week 6 and 7).
B. Use another sheet of paper for all your answers.
C. This module shall be returned to the subject teacher after each
quarter.

What I Know
PRE- TEST

Now that you know what you are expected to learn from this module, let's find out
first how much you know about them.

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Use another sheet of paper.

1. The following are the key types of Speech according to Delivery except one.
A. Extemporaneous Speeches
B. Impromptu Speeches
C. Memorized Speeches
D. Persuasive Speeches
2 Listed below are the key types of Speech according to its Purposes except one.

A. Informative Speeches
B. Special Occasions Speeches
C. Impromptu Speeches
D. Persuasive Speeches

3. Considered as the two most powerful instrument an effective speaker uses.

A. Stance and Movement

B. Appearance and Eye Contact
C. Facial Expression and Gestures
D. Body and Voice
4. Which of the following is not a Prepared Speech?
A. Informative Speeches
B. Special Occasions Speeches
C. Impromptu Speeches
D. Persuasive Speeches

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5. Following are the three main parts of a Prepared Speech except one.

A. Argument
B. Introduction
C. The Body
D. Conclusion

What’s In

One of the shortest yet the most famous speech ever given by the late US President
Abraham Lincoln is The Gettysburg Address. There are five known copies of the speech
on Lincoln’s handwriting, each with slightly different text, and named for the people who
first received them: Nicolay, Hay, Everett, Bancroft, and Bliss copies. Nicolay Copy is
considered as the “first draft” and was written right before the cemetery dedication began.

Directions: Written below is the transcript of the famous speech. Kindly read it and
answer the questions that follows.

The Gettysburg Address by Abraham Lincoln

A Speech on the Occasion of the Dedication of the
National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
November 19, 1863

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation,
conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so
conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war.
We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here
gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should
do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate–we can not consecrate– we can not hallow–this
ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above
our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say
here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated
here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.
It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us – that from these
honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full
measure of devotion – that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain
– that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom – and that government of the
people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

Source: etc.usf.edu/TheGettysburgAddressByAbrahamLincoln

Guide Questions:

1. What is the main purpose of the speech “The Gettysburg Address”?

________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

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 2. How is the speech “The Gettysburg Address” being delivered?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

3. In general, what are the most common motives or purposes of a Speech?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

4. What are the best techniques or ways to deliver a speech and make it standout
through continents and generations?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

What’s New

Before you start the lesson on the different types of speeches according to delivery
and its purpose and the techniques in becoming public speaker, you need to answer the
following activity below.

Directions: Read each statement and decide whether you Strongly Agree, Agree,
Disagree or Strongly Disagree with the idea presented by writing YES if the idea is true
to you and NO if the idea does not represent you. Kindly supply the reason/s why you do
or do not possess that certain ability.

Communication and Speech Ability Personal Evaluation

Yes or
Abilities Reason/s
No

1. Can communicate comfortably

with others in English medium

2.Can deliver a speech

confidently in public

3. Can communicate comfortable

using variety of communication
techniques

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 4.Can do impromptu speech or
can deliver a speech without
notes or plan.

5.Can deliver a speech only if

everything is prepared.

PUBLIC SPEAKING

What is It

Public speaking is one of the most feared things for many people – in fact, some
public surveys show fear of public speaking as higher than fear of death.

-SPC101:FundamentalsofOralCommunication

FOUR MAIN TYPES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING ACCORDING TO DELIVERY.

There are four types of speeches that most speakers utilize in delivering a speech.
1. EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECHES are speeches that are carefully
prepared and practiced by the speaker before the actual speaking time. A
speaker will utilize notes or an outline as a guide while they are delivering
the speech. The notes or outline will usually include any quotes and sources
the speaker wants to cite in the presentation, as well as the order the
information in the speech should be delivered in. The speech is delivered as
if the speaker is having a conversation with the audience. Since the speaker
is not reading the entire speech, the extemporaneous speaker uses the
notes as a guide only – a sort of memory trigger – and the speaker will also
be able to respond to the audience since her head isn’t trapped by reading
every word on a paper. This is the type of public speaking one should strive
to use in informative and persuasive speeches as this is most practical type
of public speaking.
2. IMPROMPTU SPEECHES are speeches that are delivered without notes or
a plan, and without any formal preparation – they are very spontaneously
delivered. This is one of the most nerve wracking situations for most students
to find themselves in because there isn’t a plan or agenda to follow – they
just have to get up and speak without any “thinking” time. They are afraid of
not knowing what to say when they get up in front of the audience so they
might make a fool of themselves. If this type of speaking situation makes you
nervous, you are not alone! The reality is that this is the type of public
speaking you are the MOST prepared for. Your daily life is filled with
impromptu experiences and conversations. Every phone conversation,
exchange between you and a loved one, and discussion amongst friends is
impromptu by its very nature – even if we “practice” our conversations, they
are still impromptu in their delivery. So, while most students are nervous
about impromptu speeches, they are the type they are the most prepared for
from their daily experience.
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 3. MANUSCRIPT SPEECHES are speeches that are delivered with a script of the
exact words to be used. If they have to give a speech, most students prefer to have
every single word in front of them so they can basically “read” the speech to the
audience. While this is very reassuring for a speaker and they feel like they won’t
“forget” anything if they have every word in front of them, manuscript speaking is
one of the worst traps to fall into for a speaker. The speaker who utilizes a complete
manuscript will often spend more time looking at the script than at the audience. By
doing this, the speaker is unable to react to the audience or respond to the audience
members questions. Therefore, the manuscript becomes a trap for the speaker.
4. MEMORIZED SPEECHES are speeches that are committed to memory. The
speaker completely memorizes the text of a speech and then delivers the
speech from memory without reliance on notes or an outline. This is a very
fearful speaking situation for most people because they fear they will forget
what they had planned on saying when they get in front of the group – and,
they might make a fool of themselves in front of the audience if they forget
what to say. This type of speaking is not very common to daily living unless
you are in a profession like acting. Most of us memorize very little in our daily
lives – we don’t even have to remember telephone numbers since we have
cellular phones!

THREE MAIN TYPES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING ACCORDING TO ITS PURPOSE.

There are three main types of speeches, but what kind a speaker delivers depends upon
the speaker's objective. The three main types of speeches are the informative, the
persuasive, and the special occasion.

1. THE INFORMATIVE SPEECH

As the word “informative” implies, an informative speech “informs” those in
attendance by providing them with information. Therefore, the speaker is a
teacher, and his or her purpose is to educate the audience regarding a topic;
and that topic may be an object, an event, a concept, or a process. This is
most practical type of public speaking – the type you are most likely use in a
real life situation when you might be asked to give a formal presentation.

Speeches about Objects

Objects are things that are tangible and, thus, recognized through sight,
hearing, taste, or touch; so speeches about objects include those about
people, places, animals, structures, etc: for example:
▪ What to look for when purchasing a new computer system

Speeches about Events

Events are happenings or occurrences, both past and present, so
possible speech topics include the following:
▪ The origins of the holiday known as Halloween
Speeches about Concepts
Concepts are ideas, philosophies, hypotheses, and arguments, etc, so
informative speeches might address topics such as these:
▪ The Big Bang Theory

Speeches about Processes

A process is how something is made, how something is done, or how
something works; therefore, possible topics include these:
▪ How pearls develop in oysters

Note: Given their visual nature, most informative speeches are more
successful if the speaker uses visual aids such as PowerPoint presentations,
flip charts, graphs, models, etc.

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 2. THE PERSUASIVE SPEECH
A persuasive speech usually challenges an audience’s beliefs and/or tries to
move those in attendance to change existing viewpoints or at least recognize
the validity of opposing viewpoints. For this reason persuasive speeches are
the most difficult to deliver, at least successfully, since they usually deal with
controversial topics about which people in the audience already hold strong,
deeply engrained opinions.

Types of Persuasive Speeches

There are three main types of persuasive speeches: those that deal with
questions of fact, those that deal with questions of value, and those that
deal with questions of policy.

Examples of Questions of Fact

▪ Did Lee Harvey Oswald act alone in assassinating President John
F. Kennedy?

Examples of Questions of Policy

▪ Are smokers being unfairly singled out for higher taxation?

Examples of Questions of Value

▪ Do people have the right to choose to die with dignity?

Note: When preparing a persuasive speech, speakers must accept that at

least some listeners are going to disagree, perhaps adamantly so, with their
viewpoint, which is why speakers should attempt to anticipate objections and
counterarguments and address them during the course of the speech.

3. SPEECHES FOR SPECIAL OCCASIONS

There are myriad special occasions in life, for example, birthdays,
anniversaries, graduations, weddings, bar mitzvahs, christenings, award
presentations, retirement dinners, and funerals. In fact, there are so many
special occasions that it’s impossible to list them.

However, whatever the occasions, chances are that someone will be asked to
deliver a speech, which could be anything from a toast to a couple who have
been married for 50 years to the eulogy for a departed loved one.

Regardless of the occasion, however, there are several important points to

keep in mind:

▪ The speech must fit the occasion. If the occasion is formal, for example,
the speech should be as well; but if the occasion is casual, the speech
should reflect a similar mood.
▪ The speech must meet the allotted time. Speakers should be neither
too brief nor too longwinded.
▪ Intended remarks must be accurate. For example, if someone is
presenting an award and intends to begin with interesting facts about
the recipient, these facts must be correct.

At some point in life most people will be called upon to deliver a speech, some
formally, others quite informally; yet, as long as they possess an
understanding of the different types of speeches and have their objective
clearly in mind, they will be capable of delivering a speech that the audience
will remember for a long time to come.

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TECHNIQUES IN SPEECH DELIVERY
Speech Delivery is the combination of what you say (the content of your speech)
and how you say it (the delivery) that will convince, persuade, entertain, inspire or
inform your audience. There are several components to delivery. You will use two
powerful instruments – your body and your voice.

The term "mechanics" refers to the physical mannerisms of the speaker and his or her
voice. How your body moves, what you look at and how you modulate your voice can
drastically alter the impact of your speech.

1. USING YOU BODY:

▪ Stance
✓ Stand firmly on two feet - do not lean, slouch or tilt.
✓ Avoid leaning on chairs, tables, etc.
✓ Hands out of the pockets, moving them for useful and
effective gesturing when necessary.
✓ Use of a lectern - use only when you have to rely on notes.
Avoid its use when possible by moving it away or stepping in
front of it.
▪ Movement
✓ Some people find movement natural. Pacing is acceptable
especially in a long speech. However, if you are going to
pace, do so slowly, never turn your back on the audience,
and walk in a triangle. Move a few steps away from the
lectern towards the audience at an angle.

✓ You can use this movement to draw the audience into what
you are saying if you also drop your voice a little and lean
forward. It implies that you are sharing something special with
them. Then move a few paces to the side in the direction of
the lectern whilst speaking. You are now just a few paces in
front of the lectern and a few simple steps backwards will put
you next to it if you need to check your notes.
▪ Appearance
✓ Dress neatly. Appearance and dress can influence your
audience no matter who is in attendance. For the
competition, all contestants will wear C-2 Standard Duty
Dress with no accoutrements (i.e. lanyard, white belt, gaiters,
etc.).
▪ Eye Contact
✓ Lift your eyes and look at your audience. Watch the
audience carefully for reactions - you should be able to
easily detect boredom, lack of understanding, interest or
annoyance. Do not keep your eyes glued to notes or read
notes at length - this is a certain way to lose the attention of
your audience.
▪ Facial Expression
✓ You can do a great deal with your eyes and smile; a smile
early in your speech can do wonders. Set the mood of your
talk or parts of it with the way you look at the audience. Be
careful of inappropriate expressions. For instance, if you are
talking about something sad, it is inappropriate to have a
wide smile. If you deliver a joke, but your face is frowning,
no one will know that you intended to be funny.

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 ▪ Gestures
✓ Emphasis and expression with the hands is another
technique. A few, careful, non-offensive gestures may
enhance a speech provided they are purposeful and
pertinent to the point the speaker is attempting to make.
Overuse will simply detract from the speech.

2. USING YOU VOICE:

▪ Volume
✓ Speak loudly enough for all to clearly hear. Do not be afraid
to use extra volume to emphasize, but lowering your voice to
barely a whisper can be effective as a technique for
emphasis, providing you have the full attention of your
audience to start with. In general, vary the volume according
to what you want to stress.
▪ Pace of Speaking
✓ Strive for a good rhythm. Avoid speaking too fast or too
slowly. Use pauses to emphasize something. The pause can
be in the middle or at the end of a sentence. Practice the
effective use of pauses and listen to the way good speakers
use them.

3. STYLE:
Style is a difficult thing to describe. Style involves elements of content and
speech mechanics, but there is more to it. Let's suppose two people are
given an outline of a speech and both are good speakers, aware of good
speech mechanics. Let's say that both give a good speech. It is more than
likely the speeches would be very different. Some of the differences might
be in the content, but a large part of this difference would be labelled
"style". Style includes such elements as:
▪ Humor and Wit
✓ Entertaining speeches require careful preparation. One can
be humorous and entertaining and still have a serious and
worthwhile message. Keep your humour relevant and suited
to the audience. You can entertain just as well with a witty
choice of words, and style of presentation as with a joke.
▪ Spontaneity
✓ Do not feel you have to keep to a carefully prepared script. If
new and relevant thoughts occur, you can make use of them.
If you are sensitive to the mood of the audience you may
want to modify your presentation to get a positive reaction
from the audience.
▪ Suitability of Language
✓ The language used should be appropriate for the age and
experience of the audience and suitable for the topic.
▪ Originality
✓ Try to make every speech original in both the presentation of
the material and the techniques you use for delivery.
▪ Poise
✓ Be relaxed, comfortable, self-assured, and in control.

TECHNIQUES IN SPEECH PREPARATION

All speeches, like all good stories, have a beginning, a middle and an end. For speeches,
essays and other forms of academic or formal communication, we call these the
Introduction, the Body and the Conclusion. You have already started to use this framework
when you prepared your first assignment of this workbook.

The National Effective Speaking Handbook has a Guide for Speech, in which all these
elements are discussed in great detail.

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1. THE INTRODUCTION
Your introduction can be used to gain attention, give attention, give
a favorable impression of yourself, create the right state of mind in
your listeners, lead into the subject, state the central idea or indicate the
division to be developed. You may wish to:

(a) Explain the terms being used and offer qualifications / limitations
when needed;
(b) Begin with a personal experience designed to identify with the
listeners;
(c) Ask a question or series of questions;

(d) State a relevant quotation;

(e) Challenge your audience with a startling statement;
(f) Amuse your audience; and
(g) Some or all of the above.

2. THE BODY
The most important part of the speech is the body. How you structure the
body depends on your purpose. Are you trying to entertain, to persuade, or
to inform? There are seven structures that you should consider:
(a) Logical or topical;
(b) Chronological;
(c) Spatial;
(d) Classification;
(e) Problem - Solution;
(f) Cause - Effect; and
(g) Any combination of the above.
These structures are discussed in more detail in the national effective
speaking handbook. Make sure you are familiar with all of them.

LOGICAL OR TOPICAL ORGANIZATION is one of the most common

patterns. It is especially useful for informative and entertainment speeches.
CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER is useful in informative speeches or in
persuasive speeches which require background information on a problem
or issue. SPATIAL ORDER is often used in informative speeches. For
example, a televised weather report usually is given according to the
regions of the country. CLASSIFICATION ORDER requires you to put
things into categories this pattern is useful for all three speech purposes.
Solutions to problems can be categorized according to type. Most often,
speakers use PROBLEM-SOLUTION ORDER for persuasive speeches.
The first part of such a speech outlines a problem, and the second part
gives a solution.The CAUSE-EFFECT PATTERN, like the problem-solution
pattern, has two parts. The first describes the cause of a problem and
the second its effects. This format is also used in speeches to persuade

3. THE CONCLUSION
The conclusion should end the speech on a high note and should, as much
as possible, relate back to the introduction.
During the conclusion, you should:
(a) Make the audience aware that the speech is drawing to a close;
(b) Leave no doubt in your audience's mind about the concept or
process you are trying to explain, the belief you have tried to establish,
or the action you wish the audience to take;
(c) Leave the audience with something to remember.

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 What’s More
Directions: Following the Techniques in Speech Preparation and Delivery, kindly make
a video recording of your own Prepared Speech on your chosen topic. Be guided with
the criteria for Rating. Be sure to Follow health protocols on Covid 19.

Opening & Clearly, quickly Established Audience had an Little or no intro,

Introduction established the focus of the idea of what was such that
focus of the speech but not coming, but the audience did not
speech, gained very clear. intro did not know the
audience Gained attention. clarify the main speaker’s main
attention. focus. focus.

Content Main items are Main items are Audience infers Presentation
clearly stated fairly clear; the content; jumps among
and explained; some missing holes are random topics.
logical, smooth links or evident. Main items are
organization. transitions. unclear.

Clarity & Organization is Organization is Organization is Organization is

Organization coherent, coherent, coherent confused
unified and unified and and unified overall and fragmented in
effective in effective in in support
support of the support of the support of the of the essay’s
paper’s paper’s essay’s purpose/
purpose/ plan and purpose/ plan and purpose/ plan, but plan and
consistently usually is demonstrates a
demonstrates demonstrates ineffective at lack of structure or
effective and effective times and coherence that
appropriate and appropriate may demonstrate negatively
rhetorical rhetorical abrupt affects readability.
transitions transitions
between ideas and between ideas
paragraphs. and paragraphs.
or weak
transitions
between ideas or
paragraphs.

Voice and Manner Loud, clear, Loud, clear, Varies from Difficult to hear
relaxed with with some loud and clear or understand,
few pauses. pauses to to difficult to seems
Well prepared, gather understand, unprepared or
presentation thoughts. Seems seems has body
well prepared, prepared, may movement that
somewhat have some significantly
nervous. nervous and distract
distracting listeners.
behavior.
Eye Contact Consistent eye Eye contact Sometimes Little or no eye
contact with mainly with the looks at the contact with the
many members teacher or one audience; often audience.
of the audience; member of the looks at notes
rarely looks at audience; or elsewhere.
notes. occasionally
refers to notes.

Note: Kindly contact your subject teacher for the specific instructions in
ways to submit your video recording.

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What What Have I Learned

Directions: Complete the statement below based on what you learned about the topic.

The advantages of knowing the different techniques of Public Speaking

are________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________.

What I Can Do

Directions: List all the possible things you can do in real life to help enhance your Public
Speaking Skill.

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

Assessment
Directions: Read each question carefully and underline the letter of the correct answer.

1. The following are the key types of Speech according to Delivery except one.
A. Extemporaneous Speeches
B. Impromptu Speeches
C. Memorized Speeches
D. Persuasive Speeches
2. Listed below are the key types of Speech according to its Purposes except one.

A. Informative Speeches
B. Special Occasions Speeches
C. Impromptu Speeches
D. Persuasive Speeches3
3. Considered as the two most powerful instrument an effective speaker uses.

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 A. Stance and Movement
B. Appearance and Eye Contact
C. Facial Expression and Gestures
D. Body and Voice
4. Which of the following is not a Prepared Speech?

A. Informative Speeches
B. Special Occasions Speeches
C. Impromptu Speeches
D. Persuasive Speeches
5.Following are the three main parts of a Prepared Speech except one.
A. Argument
B. Introduction
C. The Body
D. Conclusion

6. Which of the following Speech Mechanisms/Techniques refers to the Speakers’

Stance, Movement, Appearance, Eye Contact, Facial Expression, and Gestures.
A. Use of Body
B. Use of Voice
C. Style
D. Soul
7. Which of the following Speech Mechanisms/Techniques refers to the Speakers’ Pace
and Volume when speaking.
A. Use of Body
B. Use of Voice
C. Style
D. Soul
8. It refers to the combination of what you say and how you say it that will convince,
persuade, entertain, inspire or inform your audience.
A. Delivery
B. Mechanism
C. Techniques
D. Public Speaking
9. One of the main part of Speech which can be used to gain attention, give
attention, give a favorable impression of yourself, create the right state of
mind in your listeners, lead into the subject, state the central idea or indicate
the division to be developed.
A. Header
B. Body
C. Introduction
D. Footer
10. One of the main part of Speech which is considered as the most important part of
the speech. It basically shows the very essence of your speech whether you are
trying to entertain, to persuade, or to inform.
A. Header
B. Body
C. Introduction
D. Footer

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