Department of Electrical Engineering

Faculty of Engineering & Applied Sciences

Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan

Program: B.Sc. Electrical Engineering Semester: VI

Subject EE-473 Power Electronics Date:…………….

Experiment 4: Design and analysis of single phase Half Wave Uncontrolled rectifier.

OBJECTIVES:

(i) To explain the basic operation of the rectifier circuit.

(ii) To explain the basic principle of single phase rectifying with using the diodes.
(iii) To Name important parameters in a rectifier circuit.

Name: Muhammad Ehsan Ullah SAP ID : 3050

Performance Lab Report

Description Total Marks Description Total Marks
Marks Obtained Marks Obtained
Ability to 5 Organization/Structure 5
Conduct
Experiment
Implementation 5 Data Presentation 5
and Results
Total Marks obtained

Remarks (if any): ………………………………….

Name & Signature of faculty: …………………………………

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Objectives:
 To explain the basic operation of the rectifier circuit.
 To explain the basic principle of single phase rectifying with using the diodes.
 To Name important parameters in a rectifier circuit.

Introduction:
Rectifier:
A rectifier is a circuit used to change AC signals to become a DC signals. The diodes are
commonly used in a rectifier circuit. The single phase half wave rectifier is the simplest rectifier
but it is rarely used in industrial applications. Although it is the simplest, this rectifying method
is a very useful to understand more about rectifying operation. A half-wave rectifier with a
resistive load is shown in Fig a.

Half Wave Rectifier Circuit

A half-wave rectifier is the simplest form of the rectifier and requires only one diode for the
construction of a halfwave rectifier circuit.
A halfwave rectifier circuit consists of three main components as follows:
→ A diode
→ A transformer
→ A resistive load
All single phase rectifiers use solid state devices as their primary AC-to-DC converting device.
Single phase uncontrolled half-wave rectifiers are the simplest and possibly the most widely
used rectification circuit for small power levels as their output is heavily affected by the
reactance of the connected load.
For uncontrolled rectifier circuits, semiconductor diodes are the most commonly used device
and are so arranged to create either a half-wave or a full-wave rectifier circuit. The advantage
of using diodes as the rectification device is that by design they are unidirectional devices
having an inbuilt one-way pn-junction.
This pn-junction converts the bi-directional alternating supply into a one-way unidirectional
current by eliminating one-half of the supply. Depending upon the connection of the diode, it

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could for example pass the positive half of the AC waveform when forward-biased, while
eliminating the negative half-cycle when the diode becomes reverse-biased.
The reverse is also true by eliminate the positive half or the waveform and passing the negative
half. Either way, the output from a single diode rectifier consists of only one half of the
360o waveform as shown.

The output voltage of this bridge rectifier contains harmonics. A good rectifier should produce
minimal harmonic. The quality of the rectifier is determined by the harmonics contained in
output voltage, and output current. Usually the performances of a rectifier evaluated from the
parameters below.
𝑇𝑇
The average output voltage (Vdc) : Vdc = 𝐼𝐼/𝑇𝑇 ∫0 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉(𝑡𝑡)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑.
The average output current (Idc) : Idc = Vdc/R.
The DC output power (Pdc) , Pdc = Vdc .Idc
𝐼𝐼 𝑇𝑇
The RMS output voltage (Vms) : Vms = 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = �𝑇𝑇 ∫0 𝑉𝑉 2 𝐿𝐿(𝑡𝑡)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉
The RMS input current (lms) : 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 = 𝑅𝑅
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
The efficiency: η = 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑐𝑐
The effective value of AC output voltage: 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = �𝑉𝑉² 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 − 𝑉𝑉² 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉
The form factor : FF = 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉

Working:
During the positive half cycle, when the secondary winding of the upper end is positive with
respect to the lower end, the diode is under forwarding bias condition and it conducts current.
During the positive half-cycles, the input voltage is applied directly to the load resistance when
the forward resistance of the diode is assumed to be zero. The waveforms of output voltage and
output current are the same as that of the AC input voltage.
During the negative half-cycle, when the secondary winding of the lower end is positive with
respect to the upper end, the diode is under reverse bias condition and it does not conduct
current. During the negative half-cycle, the voltage and current across the load remain zero.
The magnitude of the reverse current is very small and it is neglected. So, no power is delivered
during the negative half cycle.

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Procedure:
 Setup the circuit as shown in figure below.
 Switch on power supply and observe input voltage Us diode voltage Vab and load
voltage Ubc. Sketch the voltage waveforms below.
 Switch of all relevant apparatus.
 Replace resistive load lamp with inductive load motor.
 Calculate Parameters specified in table by using equations above and fill the table

Circuit diagram:

Output waveform:

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Calculations:
Vdc= 2.465V
Idc = 2.465 mA
Pdc = Vdc * Idc = 2.465V x 2.465 mA = 0.00608Watt
Vrms= 3.875V
Irms= 8.485mA
Pac = Vrms * Irms = 8.485V x 8.48mA = 0.07199 Watt
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
The efficiency: η = 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 0.08
: 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = �𝑉𝑉² 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 − 𝑉𝑉² 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 2.99 Volt
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉
FF = 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = 1.572

Vrms 2
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = ��Vdc .2 � − 1 = �𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹² − 1 = 1.213

Table:
No. Parameters Values Unit
1 Vdc 2.465 Volt
2 Idc 2.465 mA
3 Pdc 0.00608 Watt
4 Vrms 3.875 Volt
5 Irms 8.485 mA
6 Pac 0.07199 Watt
7 n 0.08 %
8 Vac 2.99 Volt
9 FF 1.572 %
10 RF 1.213 %

Results and Discussions:

During the positive half cycle, the diode is under forwarding bias condition and it conducts
current to RL (Load resistance). A voltage is developed across the load, which is the same as
the input AC signal of the positive half cycle.
Alternatively, during the negative half cycle, the diode is under reverse bias condition and there
is no current flow through the diode. Only the AC input voltage appears across the load and it
is the net result which is possible during the positive half cycle. The output voltage pulsates
the DC voltage.
Conclusion:
The basic operation of the rectifier circuit was studied in today’s lab. Then explain the basic
principle of single phase rectifying with using the diodes. Also Name important parameters
in a rectifier circuit.

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