CHE 408: Heat and Mass Transfer

Past Exam Questions with Solutions

• 1 shell pass, 2 tube passes heat exchanger

'(
• 𝑚̇ = 1.13 )
'/
• 𝑐+ = 4.187 '(01
'(
• 𝑀̇ = 3.25 )
'/
• 𝐶6 = 1.95 '(01

By heat balance:
𝑚̇ 𝑐6 (𝑡; − 𝑡= ) = 𝑀̇𝐶+ (𝑇= − 𝑇; )
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
@1.13 D @4.187 D (358.15 𝐾 − 318.15 𝐾) = @3.25 D @1.95 D (393.15 𝐾 − 𝑇; )
𝑠 𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾 𝑠 𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾
∴ 𝑇; = 363.29 𝐾 = 90.14℃

Estimating the correction factor for log-mean temperature difference:

𝑇= − 𝑇; 393.15 − 363.29
𝑅= = = 0.7465
𝑡; − 𝑡= 358.15 − 318.15

𝑡; − 𝑡= 358.15 − 318.15
𝑆= = = 0.5333
𝑇= − 𝑡= 393.15 − 318.15
 𝐹N = 0.865

Data for over-all heat transfer coefficient:

40 + 80 𝐵𝑇𝑈 𝑊
𝑈PQRST,VWX = = 60 ;
= 340.48 ;
2 ℉ − 𝑓𝑡 − ℎ 𝑚 −𝐾

1 1
𝑅_ = −
𝑈PQRST 𝑈`aXVb

1 1
0.003 = −
60 𝑈`aXVb

𝐵𝑇𝑈 𝑊
∴ 𝑈`aXVb = 73.17 ;
= 415.2 ;
℉ − 𝑓𝑡 − ℎ 𝑚 −𝐾

Calculating for log-mean temperature difference:

 (90.14 − 45) − (120 − 85)
∆𝑇de = = 39.86 𝐾
90.14 − 45
ln 120 − 85

Calculating the area required for a clean heat exchanger:

𝑞 = 𝑈`aXVb 𝐴 Δ𝑇de 𝐹N
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝑊
@1.13 D @4.187 D (358.15 𝐾 − 318.15 𝐾) = @0.4152 ; D (𝐴)(39.86 𝐾)
𝑠 𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾 𝑚 −𝐾

𝑨𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒏 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟒 𝒎𝟐

Calculating the area required for a dirty heat exchanger:

𝑞 = 𝑈`aXVb 𝐴 Δ𝑇de 𝐹N
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝑊
@1.13 D @4.187 D (358.15 𝐾 − 318.15 𝐾) = @0.34048 ; D (𝐴)(39.86 𝐾)
𝑠 𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾 𝑚 −𝐾

𝑨𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒕𝒚 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟗𝟒 𝒎𝟐

Fouling tends to reduce the heat transfer rate due to an added resistance. This is apparent in the calculated
heat transfer areas above - requiring a larger area for a dirty surface to achieve the same heat transfer in that
of a clean surface.
 • Tube side: butyric acid
• Shell side: cooling water
• 𝑡= = 82℃
• 𝑡; = 60℃
• 𝑇= = 36℃
• 𝑇; = 70℃
• No. of tubes = 50
• Tube material: 2” Sch 40 steel pipe 𝐷Q = 2.067 𝑖𝑛 = 0.05250 𝑚 𝐷• = 2.375 𝑖𝑛 = 0.060325 𝑚
'(
• 𝑚̇ = 10000 €R
•
• ℎ• = 2000, ℎQ = 5000 ‚ƒ 01

Computing for R and S:

𝑇= − 𝑇; 36 − 70
𝑅= = = 1.5455
𝑡; − 𝑡= 60 − 82

𝑡; − 𝑡= 60 − 82
𝑆= = = 0.4783
𝑇= − 𝑡= 36 − 82

Estimating FT for a 2-4 shell-and-tube heat exchanger:

∴ 𝐹N = 0.89
Calculating the UA:
1
𝑈𝐴 = 𝑟
ln „ 𝑟• †
1 Q 1
+ +
ℎQ 𝐴Q 2𝜋𝑘𝐿 ℎ• 𝐴•

1
𝑈𝐴 = 𝑟
ln „ 𝑟• †
1 Q 1
+ +
ℎQ 𝜋𝐷Q 𝐿 2𝜋𝑘𝐿 ℎ• 𝜋𝐷‰ 𝐿

𝐿
𝑈𝐴 = 𝑟
ln „ 𝑟• †
1 Q 1
+ +
ℎQ 𝜋𝐷Q 2𝜋𝑘 ℎ• 𝜋𝐷‰

𝐿
𝑈𝐴 =
0.060325
1 ln „ 0.05250 † 1
𝑊 + 𝑊 + 𝑊
„5000 ; † (𝜋)(0.05250 𝑚) (2𝜋) „45 𝑚 − 𝐾† „2000 † (𝜋)(0.060325 𝑚)
𝑚 −𝐾 𝑚; − 𝐾
𝑊
𝑈𝐴 = 230.29 𝐿
𝑚−𝐾

Evaluating the cP of butyric acid at mean temperature of 71oC or 344.15 K:

𝐽
𝑐6 = 2241.10 (𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 2 − 153)
𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾

Calculating the length per pass:

𝑞 = 𝑈 𝐴 ∆𝑇de 𝐹N

10000 𝑘𝑔 𝐽 𝑊 (60 − 36) − (82 − 70)

@ D @2241.10 D (82 − 60 𝐾) = @230.29 𝐿 DŽ • (0.89)
3600 𝑠 𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾 𝑚−𝐾 60 − 36
ln 82 − 70
𝐿 = 38.60 𝑚

𝐿 38.60 𝑚
=
𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠 4 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠

𝑳
∴ = 𝟗. 𝟔𝟓 𝒎
𝒑𝒂𝒔𝒔

The above calculation is based on single tube. If there are 50 tubes providing such area, length/pass requirement would
decrease to:

𝑳 𝟗. 𝟔𝟓 𝒎
∴ = = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟗𝟑 𝒎
𝒑𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝟓𝟎