Medina, Shaun PROBLEM SET 5 PHYS132

15.55 •• For a string stretched between two supports, two

successive standing-wave frequencies are 525 Hz and 630
Hz. There are other standing-wave frequencies lower than
525 Hz and higher than 630 Hz. If the speed of transverse
waves on the string is 384 m/s, what is the length of the
string? Assume that the mass of the wire is small enough
for its effect on the tension in the wire to be ignored.

Data Given:

Fn = 525 Hz

Fn + 1 = 630 Hz

v = 384 m/s

Recall;
𝑣
𝑓𝑛 = 𝑛 = 𝑛𝑓1
2𝐿

Therefore;
𝑣
𝑓𝑛 = 𝑛
2𝐿
384
525 𝐻𝑧 = 𝑛
2𝐿

And;
𝑣
𝑓𝑛+1 = (𝑛 + 1)
2𝐿
384
630 𝐻𝑧 = (𝑛 + 1)
2𝐿

Substracting eq.1 and eq.2;

𝑓𝑟 = 𝑓𝑛+1 − 𝑓𝑛

384 384
630 𝐻𝑧 − 525 𝐻𝑧 = (𝑛 + 1) − (𝑛 )
2𝐿 2𝐿

384
105 𝐻𝑧 =
2𝐿

𝐿 = 1. 83 𝑚
Medina, Shaun PROBLEM SET 5 PHYS132

16.62 •• A bat flies toward a wall, emitting a steady sound of

frequency 1.70 kHz. This bat hears its own sound plus the Via beat frequency;
sound reflected by the wall. How fast should the bat fly in
order to hear a beat frequency of 8.00 Hz? ∆𝑓 = 𝑓𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑟 − 𝑓𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑠

Substract 𝑓𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑠 from 𝑓𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑟 ;

Data Given:
343 + 𝑣𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑠
fbats = 1700 Hz 8 𝐻𝑧 = 1700 𝐻𝑧 − 1700 𝐻𝑧
343 − 𝑣𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑠
fwallr = 8 Hz
v = 343 m/s 343 + 𝑣𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑠
vwall = 0 m/s 8 𝐻𝑧 = ( − 1) 1700 𝐻𝑧
343 − 𝑣𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑠
using Doppler’s Effect; Solving for 𝑣𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑠 ;
𝑣 + 𝑣𝐿 𝑚
𝑓𝐿 = 𝑓 𝑣𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑠 = 0.81
𝑣 + 𝑣𝑠 𝑆 𝑠

Split the problem into two equations;

Eq1.
𝑣 − 𝑣𝐿
𝑓𝐿 = 𝑓
𝑣 − 𝑣𝑠 𝑆

𝑣 + 𝑣𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙
𝑓𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝑓
𝑣 − 𝑣𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑠 𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑠

343 − 0
𝑓𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 1700 𝐻𝑧
343 − 𝑣𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑠

343
𝑓𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 1700 𝐻𝑧
343 − 𝑣𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑠

And Eq2.

𝑣 + 𝑣𝐿
𝑓𝐿 = 𝑓
𝑣 + 𝑣𝑠 𝑆

𝑣 + 𝑣𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑠
𝑓𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑟 = 𝑓
𝑣 + 𝑣𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙

343 + 𝑣𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑠
8 𝐻𝑧 = 𝑓
343 + 0 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙

Substitute Eq1. via 𝑓𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙

343 + 𝑣𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑠
8 𝐻𝑧 = 𝑓𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙
343

343 + 𝑣𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑠 343

8 𝐻𝑧 = ∗ 1700 𝐻𝑧
343 343 − 𝑣𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑠

Eq.3 or 𝑓𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑟

343 + 𝑣𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑠
8 𝐻𝑧 = 1700 𝐻𝑧
343 − 𝑣𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑠
Medina, Shaun PROBLEM SET 5 PHYS132

17.88 ••• CALC The molar heat capacity of a certain

substance varies with temperature according to the empirical
equation C = 29.5 J>mol # K + 18.20 * 10-3 J>mol # K2 2T
How much heat is necessary to change the temperature of
3.00 mol of this substance from 27°C to 227°C? (Hint: Use
Eq. (17.18) in the form dQ = nC dT and integrate.

Data Given:

C = (29.5J/mol K) + (18.20x10-3 J/mol K2) T

n= 3.00 mol

T = [27 – 227]

Using;

𝑄 = 𝑛𝐶𝑇

𝑑𝑄 = 𝑛𝐶 𝑑𝑇

Substitute Values;

𝑑𝑄 = 3.00 (29.5 + 18.20𝑥10−3 𝑇) 𝑑𝑇

Integrate;
227
𝑄=∫ 3.00 (29.5 + 18.20𝑥10−3 𝑇) 𝑑𝑇
27

227
𝑄= ∫ 88.5 + 54.60𝑥10−3 𝑇 𝑑𝑇
27

227
𝑄= ∫ 88.5𝑇 + 27.30𝑥10−3 𝑇 2 𝑑𝑇
27

𝑄 = [88.5𝑇 + 27.30𝑥10−3 𝑇 2 ]227

27

𝑄 = 19086.84 𝐽
Medina, Shaun PROBLEM SET 5 PHYS132

18.72 •• Helium gas is in a cylinder that has rigid walls. If

the pressure of the gas is 2.00 atm, then the root-mean-square
speed of the helium atoms is vrms = 176 m>s. By how much
(in atmospheres) must the pressure be increased to increase
the vrms of the He atoms by 100 m>s? Ignore any change in
the volume of the cylinder

Data Given:

P = 2.00 atm
vrms = 176 m/s
∆ vrms = 100 m/s

Note that in;

3𝑘𝑇
𝑣𝑟𝑚𝑠 = √
𝑚

Eq.1

𝑣𝑟𝑚𝑠 ∝ √𝑇

Similarly, in Ideal Gas Laws;

𝑃𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇

Wherein;

Eq.2

𝑃 ∝𝑇

Therefore;

𝑣𝑟𝑚𝑠 ∝ √𝑃

Or;

𝑣𝑟𝑚𝑠1 √𝑃1
=
𝑣𝑟𝑚𝑠2 √𝑃2

𝑣𝑟𝑚𝑠1 2 𝑃1
( ) =
𝑣𝑟𝑚𝑠2 𝑃2

Substitute the values;

1762 2
=
2762 𝑃2

𝑃2 = 4.92 𝑎𝑡𝑚
Medina, Shaun PROBLEM SET 5 PHYS132

19.53 • A monatomic ideal gas expands slowly to twice its Recall that at constant pressure, the specific heat
original volume, doing 450 J of work in the process. Find the 5
of gas is 𝑅.
2
heat added to the gas and the change in internal energy of the
gas if the process is (a) iso thermal; (b) adiabatic; (c)
Therefore;
isobaric.
5
𝑄 = 𝑛 𝑅𝑇
Data Given: 2

Work = 450J
Or;
V2 = 2V1
5
𝑄= 𝑊
∆𝑄 = ∆𝑈 + 𝑊 2

5
a. Isothermal Process 𝑄 = (450 𝐽)
2
- Constant temperature
𝑄 = 1125 𝐽
Therefore; ∆U = 0

∆𝑄 = ∆𝑈 + 𝑊

∆𝑄 = 0 + 450 𝐽

∆𝑄 = 450 𝐽

b. Adiabatic Process

- No heat transfer into or out of a system;

Therefore; Q = 0

∆𝑄 = ∆𝑈 + 𝑊

0 = ∆𝑈 + 450 𝐽

∆𝑈 = −450 𝐽

c. Isobaric Process
- Constant pressure

Eq.1

𝑄 = 𝑛𝐶𝑝 𝑇

Eq.2

𝑊 = 𝑃∆𝑉

Eq.3

𝑃𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇

Therefore;

𝑊 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇
Medina, Shaun PROBLEM SET 5 PHYS132

20.31 •• CP An ideal Carnot engine operates between 500°C Cycles;

and 100°C with a heat input of 250 J per cycle. (a) How much
heat is delivered to the cold reservoir in each cycle? (b) What 𝑃𝐸
𝑛=
minimum number of cycles is necessary for the engine to lift 𝑊
a 500 kg rock through a height of 100 m?

490000𝐽
𝑛=
Data Given: 129.34𝐽

TH = 500°C or 773.15 K
TC = 100°C or 373.15 K 𝑛 = 3788 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠
QH = 250 J

m = 500 kg
h = 100 m

Note that T and Q are proportional;

𝑇 ∝𝑄

𝑇𝐻 𝑄𝐶
=
𝑇𝐶 𝑄𝐻

Substitute the values and solve for Qc;

𝑇𝐻 𝑄𝐶
=
𝑇𝐶 𝑄𝐻

773.15 250
=
373.15 𝑄𝑐

𝑄𝑐 = 120.66 𝐽

Work;

𝑊 = 𝑄𝐻 − 𝑄𝐶

𝑊 = 250𝐽 − 120.66𝐽

𝑊 = 129.34 𝐽

Potential Energy of the rock;

𝑃𝐸 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ

𝑃𝐸 = (500)(9.8)(100)

𝑃𝐸 = 490000 𝐽