1.

ULIMI LWASEKHAYA LOKUQALA

Ngabe yilona luphi ulimi lokuqala kumntwana?
 lolu alifunda kulabo ahlala nabo esemncane
 Ulifunda ngokulingisa abazali kumbe labo ahlala
nabo
 Uzifundela yena mathupha akekho omfundisayo
 Abazali abazikhathazi ngokulokhu memulungisa
amaphutha
Ulifunda kanjanike manje ulimi umntwana?
 . Ulifunda ngokulalela imisindo yenkulumo
ayixhumanise nalokhu akubonayo ngaphandle
kokucubungula uhlelo lamagama.
 . Umntwana kuyamthokozisa lokhu kufunda
kwakhe ulimi njengoba esuke engazazi noma
akushoyo kuyikho yini noma cha.
 . Uthi angakhulake umntwana aye ngokuya ehla
namaphutha awenzayo olimini njengoba usuke
esehlakanipha esekuzwa kahle nokukhulunywayo.
UMLANDO WOLIMI LWESIZULU
 Ulimi lwesiZulu ulimi olalukhulunywa kepha
lungabhaliwe phansi.
  Emva kokufika kwabezizwe yibonake ababona
kunesidingo sokucwaninga ngokubhalwa kwezilimi
zabomdabu e-Afrika.
 Loku konke kwakugqugquzelwa intshisekelo yabo
yokwethula ivangeli e-Afrika.
Abacwaningi Abamhlophe(Linguists)
Iningi labo babengabafundisi benentshisekelo
yokusabalalisa ivangeli. Yibo-ke abahlela indlela
yobhalo-magama esiZulu(orthography) kanye nezinye
izilimi zase-Afrika .
Ngezansi Ake sibheke ukuthi ubani wenzani kulo
msebenzi wokucwaninga ngolimi.
1. Meinhof, Carl (1857-1944)
 Lona uvela kwelaseJalimane. Wabe engumfundisi
wevangeli e-Afrika, futhi enothando ngezilimi
zabamnyama njengoba abomdabu ayebabone
beze eJalimane ngezenkolo.
 Wathola isisekelo sezilimi zabamnyama asithola
ngokuqhathanisa ekuzibhaleni
 Wavela ne Ur-Bantu okuyiso sikelo ayekholelwa
ekutheni izilimi zabomdabu zivela khona.
 Wabhala kabanzi ngefonetiki kanye nenguquko
yemisindo (sound changes).
 Nguyena owaphawula ngokuba khona konkamisa
o- e no o ebabiza ngonkamisa abalula.
 Nguyena futhi owaphawula ngongwaqa
abangobham, ongwaqa mfuthwa, omankankane,
nonxa-nkamisa.
 Ngo 1932 waloba incwadi emayelana nenguquko
yemisindo ebizwa nge- Bantu Phonology.
 Kuyo wabhala ngesakhiwo samabizo waveza
neziqalo zamabizo ezingu-21 ezahlukile kwezika-
Doke ngokubhalwa kwazo.
 Wabuye waloba futhi ngeSenzo nangezingcezu
zenkulumo.

2. Doke, Clement M.(1893 -1980)

 Wazalwa ngo 1993 eBristol eNgilandi.
 Uyise wabe engumfundisi. Wafika eGrahamstown
ngo 1903 evela eNew Zealand lapho abazali bakhe
babehlala khona.
 Iziqu ze-BA wazithola ePitoli Transvaal University
College ngo 1911.
 Ezifundweni azenza kwakukhona iMathematics,
English, French, Latin, History ne-Psychology.
 Ngo 1914 wanikela eZambia endaweni
yamaLamba eyoqhuba ivangeli.
  Ekufundeni kwakhe isiLamba wathola intshisekelo
ngezilimi zabamnyama.
 Ngo 1919 wazuza iziqu zeMA.
 Ngo 1923 waba i-Senior lecturer eWits University
Nakhu akwenza:
1. Waloba kabanzi ngefonethikisi yesiZulu
2. Iziqu zakhe zobudokotela ngo 1924 zaziphathelene
nefonitiki yesiZulu
3. Waloba uhlelo(grammar) ngesiLamba ngo 1919
4. E-London wawina umklomelo ngekhono
lezefonethiki
5. Waloba izichazamazi ezimbili ngo 1953 (zulu to
English and vice versa) ezashicilelwa ngo 1958.
6. Waloba uhlelo (grammar) ngesiSotho nesiZulu
ezisetshenziswa nanamuhla.
7. Nguyena owaqamba izigaba zamabizo eziyisi-8
zobunye nobuningi.

3. Wilheim Bleek (1827-1875)

 Wazalelwa eBerlin. Uyise ewumfundisi eBonn.
 UBleek wafunda eBerlin ezenkolo (theology)
nezilimi (philology)
 wayeqeqeshekile ngolwazi lwemisindo
yenkulumo(fonethikisi)
 Ayeyifunde kuLepsius owayefunde kabanzi
ngokuqhathanisa izilimi zabomdabu.
 Wathola iziqu zobudokotela ngo-1951
wayesethunyelwa e-Afrika
 Wasizana noBishop Colenso ngohlelo lwesiZulu
 Ngo 1865 waba ngumhumushi womphakathi
 Waqoqa izinganekwane wabhala kabanzi
emaphepheni ngolimi lwesiZulu nesiXhosa.
 Wasungula igama elithi Bantu. Lokhu kwamenza
abizwe ngobaba wezilimi zabantu ( Father of Bantu
Philology).
 Wabhala incwadi ebizwa nge-Comparative
Grammar of South African Languages.
 Kuyo ucubungula lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Ukuhlela amabizo ngezigaba eziLI-18 okufuze

okuka Meinhof
2. Waloba ngokubolekana kwemisindo
3. Izilimi zezigodi
4. Imvelaphi yamagama
5. Ukwahlukaniswa kwezilimi eNingizimu Afrika.
 4. U-Endenmam (1838-1919)
WayeyiJalimane. Weza eNingizimu Afrika ngegunya le
Berlin Mission Society engumfundisi wezenkolo.
Waqala ukusebenza nesizwe samaKopa eMaleu
 Eminyakeni yo-1863 no-1867 waqamba imizi
eyizigodlo zenkolo eSekhukhuniland.
 Emuva kwesikhathi inkosi uSekhukhuni walwa
namakholwa.
 U-Endenmann wabe esakha isizinda semfundo
eBotshabelo ngaseMiddleburg.
 Nguyena owasungula ukucutshungulwa kweSipedi
encwadini iVersuch einer Grammatik des Sotho
 Wacubungula kabanzi ngebizo nesenzo (inkathi
nezindlela)
 Wasebenza ubhalo-magama aluthatha kuLepsius
 Ngo 1911 wabhala incwadi echaza kabanzi
ngokusetshenziswa kolimi lwesiSotho. Waphinde
wabhala nesichazamazi ngolimi lwesiSotho.
5. Malcom Guthrie (1903- 1972)

 Wafunda E-London lapho athola khona iziqu zakhe

zesayensi. Waya eCongo nokulapho athola khona
ugqozi lokucwaninga ngezilimi zabomdabu.
 Esebuyela emuva waba ngomunye wababefundisa
esikoleni se-Oriental and African Studies.
 Wakhuthalela kakhulu ukuqhathanisa izilimi
 Inhloso yakhe kwabe kungukwenza ngcono
imisebenzi yo-Bleek no-Meinhof.
 Ngo 1948 wabhala incwadi esihloko sithi:
Classification of Bantu Languages.
 Lapha kule ncwadi wahlela amaqoqo ayi-16
wawabiza ngezinhlamvu ezingongwaqa
nonkamisa(letters of alphabets)
 Isib. (zones) (amaqoqo) waphinda wahlukanisa
ngezilimi ezihlobeneyo (groups) ezimelwe
izinombolo kanje:
 Isib. (Xhosa S. 41)
o (sotho S. 33)
 Ngo 1948 waloba ibhuku elisihloko sithi: Bantu
Word Devison lapho ayecubungula khona
ukusebenza kwegama emshweni.
  Ngo 1961 wabhala ngomusho (Bantu sentence
structure)
 Waphinda waloba ngemvelaphi yezilimi zaBantu
(Some Development in the Pre-history of the
Bantu languages)
 Waphakamisa ukuthi ezilimini zabantu kukhona i-
Proto Bantu eyisisekelo etholakala
ngokuqhathanisa iziqu zezilimi zabansundu.

Isiphetho
Ake sibheke abacwaningi abansundu ababamba iqhaza
nabo ekucwaningweni kwezilimi zabomdabu.
UMagema Fuze, uNdiyane noWilliam Ngidi
 Laba bobathathu ngamaZulu okuqala abhala ulimi
lwesiZulu ngeminyaka yawo-1860
 Incwadi yabo nakuba yabe ishicilelwe ngeSingisi
yabuye yahunyushelwa esiZulwini
 NguMagema Fuze uqobo lwakhe owayishicilela
esiZulwini ngo-1893
 Incwadi yabo yayibizwa nge: The three Natives
 Yabe ingenabo ubuciko obutheni esesibuthola
namuhla ekubhaleni
 Sizoqikelela kakhulu ukuthi yayingenabo ngisho
ofeleba (Capital Letters) emagameni ezinsuku
(Saphuma eKukhanyeni ngomsombuluko
wokuqala ntambama)
 Sizoqaphela ukuthi le ncwadi ikhuluma ngohambo
lakwaZulu.
 Ngeminyaka yawo-1880-1895 uMagema
waqhubeka nokuzungeza elaKwaZulu esiza
uColenso ngokutolika.
 Kwabhalwa nezincwadi ezazixoxa ngobuciko
bomlomo obufana nezinganekwane ngisho
nomlando wamakhosi imbala.
 UFuze wabe esebhala eyakhe eyashicilelwa ngo-
1922 neyaba incwadi yokuqala ezimele equkethe
konke ngomlando.
 Le ncwadi yayibizwa ngokuthi: Abantu
abamnyama lapa bevela ngakhona.
 Leli bhuku lalixoxa ngomsuka nenkaba yezizwe
ezithile njengalezi: aBathwa, amaLawu, amaZulu,
amaHiligwa nezinye.
 UFuze uxoxa kabanzi ngamasiko abalulekile
akwaZulu, bese engena ezimpini zikaShaka kanye
namanye amakhosi akwaZulu.
  UFuze wagqugquzela abaningi ukuthi babhale
nabo, abantu abafana noPetros Lamula kanye no
M.J. Mpanza.
 ULamula wavukwa ugqozi okwathi ngo-1924
wabhala ibhuku eliqukethe umlando elibizwa
ngokuthi: UZulu kaMalandela.
 Ngo-1930 wagalela noMpanza wabhala incwadi
ethi: UGaqabadele.
 Isikhalo sikaFuze sokubhalwa kwezincwadi
sasihambisana zezikhathi zikaKhongolose ngo-
1912-20 esasigqugquzela ubumbano kubantu
abansundu.
USilomo
 Awukho kahle hle umlando otheni ngaleli gama.
Akwaziwa noma kwabe kungelangempela noma
kuyisidlaliso.
 Kodwa naye waphosa igalelo elikhulu ekubhaleni
ngomlando wabansundu.
 Eminye yemisebenzi yakhe iyavela
ephephandabeni ILANGA LASENATALI.
 Yena wayezibhalela okusuka ekhanda,
wayenekhono elikhulu lokuqamba.
 Ngo-1925 wabhala incwadi wayibiza ngokuthi:
Indaba kaMbulawa.
  Yayithinta izindikimba ezithinta inkolo namasiko,
yayiphinde idingide ngokuluthwa imali
yasemadolobheni nokubhunguka.
 Le ncwadi yayibhalwe ngesiNgisi nangesiZulu.
UBenjamin Zikode no-T. Langa
 Ngo-1895 uBenjamin Zikode elekelelwa ngu-J.K
Lorimer bahumushela esiZulwini ibhuku likaJohn
Bunyan elithi: Pilgrim’s Progress lwabizwa
ngokuthi UHAMBO LWESIHAMBI.
 Ngo-1897 u-T. Langa wahumusha izindaba zenkolo
zesiJalimane wazibhala ngesiZulu.
 Wabiza leyo ncwadi wathi: Izindaba Zencwadi
Yezincwadi.
 Ngo-1889 wagalela ngokushicilela incwajana ethi:
Incwadi yezifundo zesiZulu no. 1
 Wabuye wahlanganisa ndawonye amaculo esonto
wawabiza ngokuthi: Incwadi Yamagama
okuhlabelela abalelwa ukusonta kwebandla
laseRoma.

U-Isaiah Shembe
 Leli elinye lamaqhawe elaba neqhaza ekuqanjweni
kwamahubo noma kwezingoma zokuqala
zezinkonzo ezazinobunkondlo bamasiko akwaZulu.
 Ukuthi wazalwa nini akekho owaziyo kepha
kucatshangelwa ukuthi phakathi kuka-1860 kuya
ku-1869.
 Imbangela ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi abantu baleso
sikhathi babebengafundile.
 Naye akazange aye esikoleni kepha lokhu
akuzange kumkhubaze ndawo emisebenzini yakhe
emuva kokuphenduka kwakhe akholwe.
 UShembe wabe eziqhayisa ngoba wakwazi
ukubalekela ukungcoliswa umqondo abamhlophe
ngemfundo eyayitholakala ezikoleni zabelungu.
 Kukhona lapho eshumayela khona ekhuluma
ngaye kepha enza sengathi ukhuluma nomunye
umuntu:
 Le ntshumayelo (Gerad 1971: 187) yayithatha ithi:
 Ukuba nanimfundise ezikoleni zenu ngabe
nathola ithuba negunya lokuthonya umqondo
wakhe ukuze nikwazi ukuchachaza umathanda
ekhanda lakhe. Kwathi uNkulunkulu owazi konke
okusemfihlakalweni nokungaziwa muntu
wenyama, wathumela uShembe, umntwana
 osemanzi te, kodwa okhulile ngomqondo ukuthi
azokhuluma, ashumayele njengosolwazi
nesifundiswa esikhulu.
 Ekukhuleni kwakhe waboniswa isiphiwo nekhono
lokulapha nokusindisa abantu yize wayesemncane
ngeminyaka.
 Wathola ukuxhumana nabaqhubi benkonzo
yaseBptist.
 Emva kancane kwalokho uShembe wafikelwa izwi
likaJehova lameluleka ukuba akaphenduke.
 Waphenduka, wabhabhadiswa wazinqumela
nokuthi uhlukana nesithembu njengoba
wayenamakhosikazi amane.
 UJohn L. Dube wabhala ngomlando kaShembe
wagcina esebhala nangaso lesi sinqumo
sikaShembe.
 UShembe wakholwa kuleli bandla lamaBaptist
okwathi ngo-1911 washiya kulo.
 Ngo-1913 waziqalela elakhe ibandla walibiza
ngokuthi: iBandla lamaNazaretha.
 Isizinda saleli bandla saba sentabeni iNhlangakazi
 Ngo-1914 wakha isithabathaba somuzi
wamaNazaretha owawufana nedolobha,
wawubizwa ngokuthi kuseKuphakameni.
 Lazinza lapho-ke leli bandla okwathi ngo-1935 u-
Isaiah Shembe wedlula emhlabeni.
 Ekudluleni kwakhe indodana yakhe uJohannes
Galile wathatha isikhundla sakhe.
 UShembe uthathwa njengomuntu owadlala indima
enkulu uma kukhulunywa ngomlando wamaZulu.
 Okuningi siyakubona njengoba ibandla lakhe
lingahlukani nezinto ezithinta isintu. Waqamba
amahubo amaningi ayedluliselwa kwabanye
ngomlomo.
 UShembe wuye owaqamba amahubo aculwa
kwaShembe.
 Ngo-1930 uDube wabhala ibhuku ngomlando
kaShembe wahlanganisa namahubo athile
awaqamba.
 Leli bhuku laphuma ngo-1936 liqukethe
nezihlabelelo ezaqanjwa nguye uShembe
nendodana yaye uGalile.
 UDube wakhetha ukubiza leli bhuku ngokuthi:
Izihlabelelo ZamaNazaretha.
John Langalibalele Dube.
 Wazalelwa endaweni yaseNanda ngo-1870. Uyise
kwabe kunguJames wesizwe samaQadi, ezalwa
endlini yasebukhosini bakwaNgcobo.
 Noma wayezalwa ebukhosini wagcine
esephendukile esekholwa.
 Uyise wabe eyikholwa elagcina lingumfundisi
ngengoba negama lizisho ‘JAMES’
 Waqala ukufunda kwenye imishini yama-American
Board, eyabe iseManzimtoti, eyayibizwa nge-
Adams College.
 Ngo-1888-1889 waqhuba izifundo zakhe wawelela
kwelaseMelika.
 Ilapho aqala ukuvuleka ingqondo ngezimpilo
zabantu abansundu.
 Wabuya phesheya wafundisa njengothisha abuye
ashumayele nevangeli okwamenza agcine
esegcotshwe njengomfundisi.
 Waphinde wabuyela phesheya eseyofunda
aqeqesheke ngobufundisi okuthe ngo-1901
wabuyela kuleli.
 Wafika waqamba isikole sokuqala esizimele igama
laso iso-OHlange bude buduze neTheku. Lesi sikole
 wasibiza ngokuthi yiZulu Christian Industrial
School.
 Inhloso yakho konke lokhu kwabe
kuwukuthuthukisa abantu abansundu.
Akagcinanga ngobufundisi wabhala imibono eyabe
ihlaba inkambiso yabamhlophe.
 Lokhu ukwenza ngo 1900-1910. Ngo-1909
wazihlanganisa nenhlangano eyabe ilwela
inkululeko iNative Convention.
 Yiyo le nhlangano okwathi ngo-1912 yabizwa nge-
South African Native National Congress. Okuthe
ngemuva kwalokho yabizwa nge-African National
Congress.
 UDube wakhethwa waba nguMongameli wokuqala
wale nhlangano. Wadlondloba kwezombusazwe,
kwezemfundo, kwezemibhalo nokunye waze
washona ngo-1949.
 UDube wabhala izincwadi lapho ezinye ayehlaba
khona abantu abangakholwayo. Kwezinye azibhala
wabhala ngokujivazwa kwesizwe sabantu
abansundu.
 Ngo-1903 wasungula iphephandaba lokuqala
labansundu kwaZulu ILANGA LASENATALI. Inhloso
yalo kwabe kungukuqhuba inkolo yobuKhrestu,
 ukufundisa abantu ukuzimela, ukukwazi
ukuzibhalela imibono, izinkondlo, izindatshana
nokunye.
 Kwaba kuncane okwakuphuma ezincwadini
okwakubhalwe nguye eminyakeni yawo 1907-1920
njengoba okuningi kwakuvela ezinkulumweni
nakumaphephandaba.
 Ngo-1922 uDube wabhala incwadi lapho ekhuluma
ngokungagculiseki ngendlela abamhlophe
ababephethe ngayo.
 UDube igalelo lakhe kwezemibhalo lagqama
kakhulu emva kokubhala incwadi eyinoveli ethi:
Insila kaShaka. Lena incwadi eyashicilelwa ngo
1930.
Kafishane nje ngenhla besibheka igalelo lalezi zinsizwa
ezaba nalo ekusabaliseni nasekucwaningeni ngolimi
lwesiZulu.