Assignment 4

UNIT 67
Prepared by Prepared for

Ahasan Ulla Sazid Ali

Student ID: ND_AE_336

Task 4a

Answer to question number 4Aa(1)

A. Temperature- Temperature is a measure of hotness or coldness expressed in terms of any of

several arbitrary scales and indicating the direction in which heat energy will spontaneously flow
from a hotter body (one at a higher temperature) to a colder body (one at a lower temperature).

B. Pressure- Pressure is defined as the physical force exerted on an object. The force applied is
perpendicular to the surface of objects per unit area.

C. Volume- Volume is defined as the three-dimensional space enclosed by a boundary or

occupied by an object.

D. Heat- Heat is a form of energy that gives the feeling of hot and cold.

E. Thermal energy- Thermal energy refers to the energy contained within a system that is
responsible for its temperature.

F. Entropy- Entropy is a measure of microscopic disorder within a system.

G. Specific heat capacity- Specific heat capacity is defined as the amount of heat required to
raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a substance by 1 kelvin.

H. Thermal expansion- When heat is applied, the length of a material increases. This is called a
thermal expansion.

I. Latent heat- The latent heat of fusion or melting of solid is the quantity of heat in joules
required to convert 1 kg of solid to liquid, without any change in temperature.

J. Thermal power- Heat energy transferred per unit time is called thermal power.
Answer to question number 4B(2)

A. Conduction- Conduction is a mode of heat transfer where no movement of medium occurs, Q

= − K A (dT/dx).

B. Convection- Convection is a mode of heat transfer where heat is transferred by bulk moment
of molecules within fluid such as gases or liquids, Q = h A ∆T.

C. Radiation- Radiation a mode of heat transfer where heat is transferred by electromagnetic

wave, Q = ε σ A (T42 − T41).

Task 4B

Answer to question number 4B(1)

Surface of the sun-

We know,

K = C + 273

Or, 5800 = C + 273

Or, C = 5800 – 273

⸫ C = 5527 °C.

Again, we know,

C F−32
=
5 9

5527× 9
Or, F = + 32
5
⸫ F = 9908.6 °F.

Boiling point of gold-

We know,

K = C + 273

Or, C = 3080 – 273

⸫ C = 2807 °C.

Again, we know,

C F−32
=
5 9

2807 ×9
Or, F = + 32
5

⸫ F = 5084.6 °F.

Liquid nitrogen-

Given, K = 77.36 k

We know,

K = C + 273

Or, C = 77.36 – 273

⸫ C = − 195.64 °C.

Again, we know,

C F−32
=
5 9
 −195.64 ×9
Or, F = + 32
5

⸫ F = − 320.15 °F.

Answer to question number 4B(2)

We know,

C F−32
=
5 9

x 2 x−32
Or, =
5 9

Or, 10x – 160 = 9x

Or,10x−9x = 160

⸫ x = 160 °C. (ANS)

Answer to question number 4b(3)

We know,

K = C + 273

= 182.96 + 273

= 455.96 k

Again, we know,

c F−32
=
5 9
 182.96× 9
Or, F = + 32
5

⸫ F = 361.32 °F. (ANS)

Task 4C

Group A

Answer to question number 4C (1)

Heat required = (mi × si × 10) + (mi × HLF) + (mw × sw × 100) + (mw × HLv) + (ms × ss × 50)

= (0.025×2100×10)+(0.025×334000)+(0.025×4200×100)+(0.025×2257000)×(0.025×2100×50)

= 78425 J. (Ans)

Answer to question number 4C (2)

Given,

Latent heat of melting = 321 KJ/kg,

heat energy = 1024 KJ, heat capacity = 0.038 J/kg °C,

Ө1 = 374K and Ө2 = 547K

⸫ Mass of the aluminum = 1024/321 = 3.19 kg.

So, the thermal energy of aluminum = m s ∆Ө

= 3.19 × 0.038 × (547−374)

= 20.971 J. (ANS)

Answer to question number 4C (3)

Given,

m = 50g = 50/1000 = 0.05, specific heat of copper = 0.386 J/g.0C,

t = 0.02 h= 0.02×3600 = 72 s, ∆Ө = 100−20 = 80 °C.

We know,

Thermal power = m s ∆Ө/t

= (0.05×0.386×80)/72

= 0.0214 W. (ANS)

Answer to question number 4C(4)

Given,

αs = 1.2 x 10−5 °C−1,

αb = 1.9 x 10−5 °C−1, L = 10 cm = 0.1 m and ∆T = 45 – 15 = 30 °C

We know,

Thermal expansion of brass = αb L ∆T

= 1.9 x 10−5 × 0.1 × 30

= 5.7×10−5 m.

Thermal expansion of steel = αs L ∆T

= 1.2 x 10−5 × 0.1 × 30

= 3.6×10−5 m.

The difference between the expansion = (5.7−3.6)×10−5

= 2.1×10−5 m. (ANS)
Task 4d

Answer to question number 4D(1)

Given,

P1 = 0.64 m Hg, V1 = 53 x 10−3 m3

V2 = 0.023 x 0.55 x 0.12 = 0.001518 m3

Boyle’s law,

P1V1 = P2V2

Or, 0.64 × 53 × 10−3 = P2 × 0.001518

⸫ P2 = 22.34 m Hg

So, the pressure that will be acting on the container = 22.34 m Hg. (ANS)

Answer to question number 4D (2)

Given,

T1 = (18 + 273) = 291 K, T2 = (30 + 273) = 303 K,

V1 = 3.5 x 10−2 m3

Charle’s law,

V1/T1 = V2/T2
Or, V2 = (V1 T2)/T1

Or, V2 = (3.5 x 10−2×303)/291

⸫ V2 = 0.0364 m3

So, the change of volume,

∆V = V2 – V1

= 0.0364−(3.5 x 10−2)

= 1.4×10−3 m3. (ANS)

Answer to question number 4D (3)

Given,

T1 = 39+273 = 312 K, T2 = 273 K,

P1 = 0.66 m Hg p, P2 = 0.76 m Hg p,

V1 = 5.7 x 10−4 m3

Combined gas law,

(P1V1)/T1 = (P2V2)/T2

Or, V2 = (P1 V1 T2)/(T1×P2)

= (0.66×5.7×10−4×273)/(312×0.76)

= 4.33×10−4 m3

⸫ The volume of Nitrogen at standard temperature and pressure is 4.33×10−4 m3. (ANS)

Answer to question number 4D (4)

Given, P = 72/76
 = 0.947 atm,

T = 27+273 = 300 K,

m = 20 g and

n = 20/32 = 0.625 mol.

We know, PV = nRT

Or, V = nRT/P

= (0.625×0.082×300)/0.947

= 16.235 L

⸫ The volume of the oxygen is 0.625 L. (ANS)

Task 4E

Answer to question number 4E(1)

A. Mercury Thermometers- Range: - 38 °C to 356.7 °C. Use: - Measurement of the body and
room temperature.

B. Alcohol Thermometers- Range: - 200 °C to 78 °C. Use: - The body and room temperature
measurement.

C. Optical pyrometers- Range: - 700 °C to 4000 °C and. Use: - Measurement of high

temperature.

Answer to question number 4E(2)

2. Pyrometer, device for measuring relatively high temperatures. Pyrometers can be used to
measurement combustion chamber of gas turbine or the exist temperature. Those are very high
temperature.