Diseases of Poultry Tawfik Aboellail, CSU 2017 Page: 1 of 19

Tawfik Aboellail, B.V.Sc, M.V.Sc, Ph.D., DACVP

Wednesday, July 13, 2017
Avian Gross Pathology with Special emphasis on Poultry Diseases
C. L. Davis & S. W. Thompson Foundation
44th Gross Pathology Course
Fort Collins, Colorado

Slide Disease Name Cause System/organ Gross lesion Morphologic diagnosis Notes
NO.
3,4 OVERALL VIEW OF BACTERIAL ALL EXUDATIVE/INF DIFFERENTIAL
BACTERIAL DISEASES -LAMMATORY LISTS
5 FOWL CHOLERA Pasteurella multocida Head/Resp Chicken: Nasal Catarrhal rhinitis/sinusitis and Infectious sinusitis
Septicemia discharge facial conjuctivitis Infectious coryza
(avian pasteurellosis or avian
hemorrhagic septicemia) swelling NCDV
HPAI
IBD
Pox
ILT
Cryptosporidiosis

6 Acute “ “ P. multocida Head subcutis, turkey Caseous exudate Facial cellulitis Colibacillosis

7 Chronic “ “ “ “ Head/wattles Severe wattle swelling Diffuse wattle edema and HPAI
heterophilic (necrolucerative)
dermatitis
8 “ “ “ “ “ Head/eye Opaque eyes Heterophilic conjunctivitis and Infectious coryza
hypopyon NCDV
Colibacillosis
Aizonosis
encephalomyelitis

9 “ “ “ “ “ Infraorbital sinus Caseous exudate Heterophilic (purulent) sinusitis Turkey coryza

10-13 INFECTIOUS CORYZA Hemophilus paragallinarum Head with foul swollen wattles and Acute sinusitis, conjunctivitis Fowl cholera
(Roup) smelling caseous face pheasant, guinea and facial edema Mycoplasmosis
exudate (plug) fowl
Diseases of Poultry Tawfik Aboellail, CSU 2017 Page: 2 of 19

14-17 INFECTIOUS SINUSITIS Mycoplasma gallisepticum Turkey: Head/ Infra Swollen sinuses Heterophilic to lymphocytic Fowl cholera
orbital sinus sinusitis Turkey coryza

(CRD in chickens) peacock, pheasant

and finches

18 TURKEY CORYZA Bordetella avium Head, turkey and Swollen sinus Acute sinusitis Fowl cholera
cockatiel Open mouth breathing Infectious sinusitis
Coryza
HPAI
NCDV
Pox

19 “ “ “ “ Trachea Compare normal (left) Tracheal collapse

to affected trachea
(right)

20 INFECTIOUS CORYZA H. paragallinarum Air sacs Exudate fills air sacs Exudative (heterophilic) air Exotic NCD
sacculitis HPAI
Aspergillosis
Mycoplasmosis

21,22 FOWL CHOLERA P. multocida Lungs and pleura Fibrinous inflammation Acute-to-chronic Ornithobacterium
Unilateral in turkey In parabronchi and on fibrinopurulent rhinotracheale,
the pleura pleuropneumonia E. Coli
Or (pneumonia and pleuritis) HPAI
23 “ “ “ “ Spleen Multifocal white foci Multifocal splenic necrosis Marble spleen
(splenitis) (pheasant)
24 “ “ “ “ Liver White foci of necrosis Multifocal necrotizing hepatitis bact septicaemia:
E coli, S. pullorum/
gallinarum/typhimu
rium,,
Chlamydophila
, E. rhusipathiae,
Y.pseudotuberculos
O rhinotracheale, S
zooepidemicus

25 FOWL CHOLERA P. multocida Ovary Discolored nodular Subacute to chronic Mycoplasmas

ovarian follicles oophoritis
Diseases of Poultry Tawfik Aboellail, CSU 2017 Page: 3 of 19

26 “ “ “ “ Leg joints Copious fibrinous Acute serofibrinous arthritis M. synoviae

exudate
27 “ “ “ “ “ “ Skin, synovium and Subacute to chronic Mycoplasmas
tendon cellulitis, tendinitis and Salmonellas

synovitis
28 “ “ “ “ Coelomic cavity Fibrinous inflamm. Fibrinous coelomitis Colibacillosis
(pericarditis, perihepatitis Pseudomonas
and air sacculitis) Aspergillosis
29 COLIBACILLOSIS E. coli Coelomic cavity Fibrinous inflamm. Acute fibrinous coelomitis “ “
(polyserositis)
30,31 “ “ “ Visceral organs “ “ Acute fibrinous Pericarditis, Fowl cholera
perihepatitis and air Mycoplasma
sacculitis or egg yolk Chlamydiosis
peritonitis Infectious
sinusitis
32 “ “ “ Trachea Hemorrhage and Fibrinohemorrhagic ILT
fibrin tracheitis Syngyamiasis
IB
Exotic NCD
33 “ “ “ Lungs “ “ “ Fibrinohemorrhagic Fowl cholera
pneumonia Ornithobacterium
HPAI
34 “ (inflammatory process) “ “ Subcutis Fibrinous exudate Fibrinous cellulitis Staphylococcosis
Clostridosis
35,36 “ (salpingitis) “ “ Oviducts Caseous exudate Fibrinopurulent salpingitis Mycoplasma
Fowl cholera
Egg binding
IB
37 “ (omphalitis) “ “ Yolk sac Inflamed navel Fibrinous omphalitis Acute septicemia
Staphylococcosis
Salmonellosis
Pseudomonas
38 “ (endophtalmitis) “ “ Eye Heterophilic inf Acute fibrinopurulent Septicemia
endophthalmitis NCD
Diseases of Poultry Tawfik Aboellail, CSU 2017 Page: 4 of 19

39 MYCOPLASMOSIS M. gallisepticum Air sacs Opaque and may Fibrinous to fibrinopurulent Fowl cholera
contain lymphoid airsacculitis Colibacillosis
follicles Chlamydiosis
HPAI
Exotic NCD
40 “ “ “ Liver, heart, air Triad inflammation airsacculitis, fibrinous Fowl cholera
sacs perihepatitis, and adhesive Colibacillosis
pericarditis Chlamydiosis
HPAI, NCD

41,42 “ M. meleagridis Abdominal air sacs Caseous inflamm. Multifocal fibrinopurulent “ “

Newly hatched acute to lymphocytic air “ “
poults sacculitis “ “
43 “ (turkey syndrome 65) M meleagridis Legs deformity chondrodystrophy, or Slipped tendons
unilateral to bilateral varus due to manganese
deformities and perosis and vit. B defic.
44 “ (arthritis/synovitis or silent air M. synoviae Leg joints, tendons Copious synovium Acute serofibrinous Colibacillosis
sac) synovitis Salmonellosis
45 “ “ “ “ Foot joints Swollen joints Chronic arthritis Articular gout
Salmonellosis
46 “ “ “ “ Multiple joints Broiler leg joint Chronic polyarthritis “ “
inflamm.
47,48 SALMONELLOSIS Salmonella gallinarum Liver A bile-stained Multifocal Pullorum disease
Fowl typhoid ("bronzed") enlarged necrogranulomatous Septicemias
liver with or without hepatitis Leukosis
small necrotic foci Marek’s
49,50 Pullorum disease S. pullorum Gonads Discolored follicles Ovarian atrophy NCD
(involution) with HPAI
hemorrhagic oophoritis Colibacillosis
O rhinotraceale
51,52 “ “ “ “ Heart Nodules, opacity Chronic fibrinous to TB, leukosis,
granulomatous pericarditis Marek’s
Chlamydiosis
53 “ “ “ “ Liver Nodules, necrosis Necrogranulomatous TB, Leukosis,
hepatitis Marek’s
Diseases of Poultry Tawfik Aboellail, CSU 2017 Page: 5 of 19

54 “ “ “ “ Spleen Nodules Granulomatous splenitis “ “

55 “ “ Intestines, ceca, Necrosis, cecal cores Necrotizing enterotyphlitis Histomoniasis
spleen splenomegaly
56,57 “ “ “ “ Leg joints Swollen, inflamed Fibrinous arthritis Infectious
synovitis
58 Arizonosis S. arizonae Head Neurologic Torticollis NCD
symptoms Encephalomalacia
Aspergillosis
Dactylriosis
59 “ “ “ Meninges Cloudy meninges Purulent meningitis Dactylriosis
60 “ “ “ Eyes Lenticular opacity Fibrinopurulent Aspergillosis
ophthalmitis (hypopyon and Avian

endophthalmitis) encephalomyelitis
Colibacillosis
Paratyphoid
61 CHLAMYDIOSIS Chlamydophila psittaci Water fowl, young Multiple organs Pneumonia, airsacculitis, Fowl cholera
(Ornithosis, psittacosis) pericarditis, hepatitis and Mycoplasmosis
splenitis, fibrinous Salmonellosis
(polyserositis) New duck disease
62 ” “ “ Severe in turkey Thickened Subacute to chronic “
pericardium fibrinous pericarditis

63 AVIAN MYCOBACTERIOSIS Mycobacterium Chickens, game b Tubercles Multifocal granulomas Mycoplasmosis

(Tuberculosis) avium/intracellulare Fowl cholera
complex Pullorum disease
Leukosis
Marek’s
64 “ “ “ “ Intestines, ceca Yellow tubercles Multifocal granulomatous Reticuloendotheli
enterotyphilitis osis/neoplasia
65 “ “ “ “ Chronic stage Disseminated TB Granulomatous sinusitis, Leukosis
hepatitis, splenitis and Marek’s
osteomyelitis
Diseases of Poultry Tawfik Aboellail, CSU 2017 Page: 6 of 19

66-70 CLOSTRIDIOSIS Clostridium colinum Intestines of Upper intestines Necroulcerative enteritis C. difficile
Ulcerative enteritis captive quail, ceca and C. perfringens
turkey and occasionally cloaca May induce peritonitis and Coccidosis
Quail disease
chickens have “bull’s eye” involve spleen and liver
ulcers
May contain blood
71 “ “ “ “ Intestines Round ulcers Multifocal and coalescing “
ulcerative enteritis
72,73 Necrotic enteritis C. perfringens type A or C Intestines Congestion/hemorr Necrohemorrhagic enteritis Difficile, colinum
Crumbled friable Coccidosis,
mucosa. Foul odor viruses

74 “ “ “ “ “ “ Liver Necrosis Necrotizing hepatitis Histomoniasis

75,76 Gangrenous dermatitis Clostridia Spp. Especially Skin, subcutis Gas, necrosis Emphysematous and Staphylococcosis
septicum, perfringens Feather loss serosanguineous cellulitis Colibacillosis
Vit. E. deficiency
77,78 Botulism C. botulinum Water fowl, Flaccid paralysis NO GROSS LESIONS Toxicity
chickens

79 ERYSIPELAS Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Snood, dewlap, Multiple infarcts Vegetative valvular Septicemias
head endocarditis with Pasteurella
necrotizing myocarditis and Staphylococcus
dermatitis Streptococcus
80 “ “ Spleen Enlargement, Marked splenomegaly and
“ congestion congestion
81 NEW DUCK DISEASE Reimerella anatipestifer Heart, liver Fibrinous Fibrinous perihepatitis and Furazolidone tox.
inflammation pericarditis Septiecmic
bacteria
82 “ “ “ “ “ Thoracic vertebrae Joined vertebrae Osteomyelitis with Staphylococcosis
spondylitis
83 “ “ “ “ “ joints Swollen, inflamed Fibrinosuppurative arthritis Septicemic
diseases

84 STAPHYLOCOCCOSIS Staphylococcus aureus joints Copious amounts of Suppurative arthritis Septicemias

exudate Infectious
synovitis
Diseases of Poultry Tawfik Aboellail, CSU 2017 Page: 7 of 19

85 Bumble foot “ “ Plantar surface Foot abscess Plantar foot abscess

86 MISCELLANEOUS Ornithobacterium Lungs Fibrinous Fibrinopurulent pneumonia Fowl cholera
BACTERIAL DISEASES rhinotracheale inflammation
87 “ “ “ O. rhinotracheale Ovaries Suppurative Ovarian congestion and Mycoplasmosis
Turkey breeders inflammation involution with suppurative Colibacillosis
Congestion/hemorr coelomitis Fowl cholera
IB

88,89 OVERALL VIEW OF VIRAL ALL NEOPLASTIC DIFFERNTIAL

BACTERIAL DISEASES INFILTRATIVE LISTS
90 NEOPLASTIC VIRUSES Avian leukosis virus Long bones “Boot” shanks Osteopetrosis Pathognomonic
LEUKOSIS/SARCOMA - Alpharetrovirus
VIRUS COMPLEX - Subgroup A is
most common
(ALV-A)

91 Avian lymphoma (lymphoid “ “ “ Liver, heart, spleen Multiple round Disseminated visceral Marek’s
neoplasia in multiple lymphoma (hepatic, cardiac Pullorum disease

leukosis) organs and splenic) Erythroblastosis

Nephroblastoma
92 “ “ “ “ “ Kidneys, ovaries “ “ “ “ “ “
and bursa
93 Myelocytomatosis ALV-J Liver Severely enlarge Hepatic myelocytomatosis Marek’s
(myeloblastosis) liver Amyloidosis
94, Myeloid leukosis “ Head bones Massive enlargement Cranial myeloid leukosis
95
96 - Reticuloendotheliosis Non-defective avian Intestines, heart Chronic lymphoma Intestinal and hepatic Marek’s
100 retrovirus Liver, kidneys and disseminated lymphoma Pullorum d.
rarely lungs
Diseases of Poultry Tawfik Aboellail, CSU 2017 Page: 8 of 19

101 - MAREK’S DISEASE Cell-associated gallid Peripheral nerves, Asymmetric Lymphocytic neuritis to Leukosis
104 alpha herpesvirus serotype paralysis neural lymphoma Encephalomalacia
1 of subgroup a3. Sciatic nerves Epidemic tremor
Serotype 3 is turkey Splay leg
Brachial and pelvic
herpesvirus plexi
105 “ “ AHV-a3 Eyes Discolored iris Iris lymphoma ophthalmitis
106 , “ “ “ Skin, comb Enlarged feather Follicular lymphoma Pox
107 follicles
108, “ “ “ Liver, could be Round white Hepatic lymphoma Leukosis
109 massively enlarged neoplasia to diffuse
infiltrative disease
110 “ “ “ Kidney, intestines variable sized tan to Renal and intestinal “
white nodules lymphoma Pullorum disease
111 “ “ “ Heart “ “ “ Cardiac lymphoma “ “
112 “ “ “ Proventriculus, Marked thickening Alimentary lymphoma Leukosis
intestines
113 “ “ “ Ovaries Ovarian lymphoma Nephroblastoma
114 New Castle Disease (NCD) Avian paramyxovirus type 1 Torticollis Neurologic Encepahlitis Encephalomalacia
Encephalomyelitis
Fungal infections
WNV
Alpha viruses

115, “ “ “ “ “ “ Eyes Cloudy cornea, edema Acute keratoconjunctivitis with Marek’s disease
116 hemorrhages diffuse facial edema

117 “ “ “ “ “ “ Larynx and trachea Necrosis and hemorr. Necrohemorrhagic ILT

laryngeotracheitis Syngymiasis
118 “ “ “ “ “ “ Oropharynx and “ “ “ Necrohemorrhagic Wet pox
esophagus pharyngitis and esophagitis
119 “ “ “ “ “ “ Cecal tonsils Enlarged and Marked acute hemorrhage HPAI
reddened and edema
Diseases of Poultry Tawfik Aboellail, CSU 2017 Page: 9 of 19

120 “ “ “ “ “ “ Ceca Crumbled and friable Cecal mucosal necrosis and HPAI
mucosa hemorrhage Coccidiosis
Histominasis
Clostridosis
Colibacillosis
121 “ “ “ “ “ “ Proventriculus Ulcers and Necrohemorrhagic HPAI
hemorrhage proventriculitis
122 “ “ “ “ “ “ Ovaries Red and small Ovarian congestion and HPAI
involution IB
Ornithobacterium
Colibaciloosis
and other
bacterial
septicemias
123- AVIAN INFLUENZA Avian influenza type A Head Swelling and redness Acute diffuse wattle and Exotic NCD
126 Highly pathogenic avian Comb, wattle comb edema with Fowl cholera
influenza (HPAI) Conjuctiva congestion (cyanosis) and Turkey coryza
hemorrhage
hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
127 “ “ “ “ “ “ “ Shanks Redness and swelling Subcutaneous hemorrhage Reovirus
and edema
128 “ “ “ “ “ “ “ Subcutis Fluctuant “ “ “ Inflammatory
process
129 “ “ “ “ “ “ “ Crop Ecchymoses Marked multifocal Exotic NCD
hemorrhages
130 “ “ “ “ “ “ “ Proventriculus “ “ “ “ ” “

131 “ “ “ “ “ “ “ Heart and great Hemorrhages Epicardial and adventitial “ “

vessels vascular hemorrhages
132 “ “ “ “ “ “ “ Pancreas Widened interlobular Interstitial edema and NCD
septa congestion Colibacillosis

133 “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ Red spots Multifocal pancreatic Encephalomyelitis

necrosis with hemorrhage
 Diseases of Poultry Tawfik Aboellail, CSU 2017 Page: 10 of
19

134 INFECTIOUS Gallid herpesvirus type 1 Extended neck Mucoid to bloody Mucohemorrhagic tracheitis IB
LARYNGOTRACHEITIS (ILT) Expectoration of discharge NCDV
blood Pox
Syngymaisis
135 “ “ “ “ “ “ Trachea Diphthritic Necrohemorrahgic
membrane tracheitis
136 “ “ “ “ “ “ Cloaca Congested Hemorrahic cloacitis NCD
Cannabalism
137 INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS (IB) Avian coronavirus Eyes Excessive Mucopurulent conjunctivitis Cryptosporidosis
lacrimation with epiphora Ammonia
Ocular discharge Bacterial
138 “ “ “ “ Trachea, syrinx, Caseous exudate Necropurulent Asperigillosis
main bronchi tracheobronchitis
139, “ “ “ “ Kidneys and Retention of urates Bilateral renomegaly with Visceral gout
140 ureters ureteral urolithiasis
141 “ “ “ “ Pericardium and Gritty chalky plaques Pericardial and perihepatic “ “
liver urate deposition
142, “ “ “ “ Eggs Poor quality Egg drop and abnormalities D deficiency
143 Misshapen, soft Ca:P imbalance
shells, watery NCD
albumin
144 AVIAN PNEUMOVIRUS Avian metapneumovirus Head Head swelling Acute locally extensive Fowl cholera
INFECTION type C subcutaneous edema with Colibacillosis
Swollen head syndrome or conjuctivitis
turkey rhniotracheitis
145- INFECTIOUS BURSAL Avian birnavirus Bursa Edema, enlarged Acute diffuse bursal edema Leukosis
147 DISEASE Hemorthage to diffuse hemorrhage and
Depletion atrophy
(IBD: GUMBORO DISEASE)
148 “ “ “ “ “ Thigh Hemorrhages Muscular ecchymoses Hemorrhagic
(multifocal hemorrhage) syndrome
149 DUCK VIRAL HEPATITIS (DVH) Type 1 enterovirus Newly hatched Mortality opisthotonus NCD
150 “ “ “ “ “ “ Liver Hemorrhage Multifocal hepatic necrosis Bacterial
with hemorrhage septicemias
Histomoniasis
 Diseases of Poultry Tawfik Aboellail, CSU 2017 Page: 11 of
19

151 DUCK VIRAL ENTERITIS Anatid herpesvirus 1 Intestines and liver Necrosis Necrotizing enteritis with Clostridosis
 Diseases of Poultry Tawfik Aboellail, CSU 2017 Page: 12 of
19

(DVE: DUCK PLAGUE) multifocal hepatic necrosis HPAI

Coccidosis
152 “ “ “ “ Digestive tract Annular bands of Multifocal annular intestinal Pathognomonic
especially necrosis lymphoid necrosis and with Inclusion
intestines hemorrhage bodies
153 “ “ “ “ Ovaries Congested, Ovarian congestion and Bacterial
hemorrhagic, hemorrhage septicemias
involuted
154 “ “ “ “ Penis Prolapse Penile (phallus) prolapse Trauma
155, FOWL POX Avian pox virus Head, beak and Plaques, papules and Locally extensive Pathognmonic
156 (Dry, cutaneous form) legs scabs necrotizing and proliferative with inclusion
dermatitis bodies
157 “ “ Turkey pox “ “ “ “ “ “ ” “
185 “ “ Pigeon pox “ “ “ “ “ “ ” “
159, (Wet, diphitheritic form) fowl poxvirus Oral cavity, Diphithretic plaques Necrotizing and Hypovitaminosis A
160 (type species) oropharynx, hyperplastic inflammation Candidiasis
esophagus, (specify orgns) ILT
Laryngeal aperture Trichothecene
Canker
Capillariasis

161 Water fowl dry pox Avian pox virus Web Plaques, papules and Necrotizing and Papillomatosis
scabs hyperplastic dermatitis
162 PAPILLOMATOSIS Avian pailloma virus Web Nodules with Multifocal dermal Pox
hyperkeratosis papillomas
163 Turkey viral hepatitis Believed to be a novel Liver White foci and bile Multifocal hepatic necrosis Histmoniasis
picrona virus staining
164 “ “ “ Picorna v. Pancreas White to grey spots Multifocal pancreatic Avian
necrosis encephalomyelitis
HPAI
165 ADENOVIRAL INFECTIONS Quail adenovirus 1 Trachea Thick mucus Mucopurulent tracheitis Pox
Quail bronchitis (QB) with focal hyperplasia NCD
Asperigillosis
 Diseases of Poultry Tawfik Aboellail, CSU 2017 Page: 13 of
19

166 Inclusion Body Hepatitis Avian (IBH) adenovirus Liver Mottled Multifocal hepatic necrosis Vibriosis in
type I with hemorrhage turkey
IBH
Fowl cholera
167- Hemorrhagic enteritis (turkey) Turkey type II adenovirus Intestines, spleen Hemorrhage Segmental to diffuse Clostridiosis

171 Marble spleen (pheasants) Fowl adenovirus type II Splenic enlargement hemorrhagic enteritis with Salmonellosis
splenomegaly
172 Egg Drop Syndrome-76 (EDS- Believed to be adenovirus Eggs Misshapen, soft De-pigmented soft shelled D deficiency
76) Type III shelled eggs Ca:P imbalance
Cu deficiency
IB
NCDV
HPAI
173, INFECTIOUS ANEMIA Avian circovirus Wing Hemorrhage and Subcutaneous hemorrhage Clostridium
174 (Blue Wing Disease) cyanosis perfringens

175 “ “ “ “ “ Bone marrow Fatty Aplastic anemia

176- VIRAL ARTHRITIS Reovirus type 3 Immobilization Hock joint Gastronemius tendon Slipped tendon
178 (Tenosynovitis; Ruptured rupture with periartciular Infectious
Gastrocnemius Tendon) hemorrhage synovitis

179- CORONAVIRAL ENTERITIS Turkey coronavirus Intesine Thin-walled Fluid- Catarrhal enteritis Young (< 7week):
180 (Transmissible Enteritis of filled Salmonellosis
Turkeys; Blue Comb) Hexamitiasis
Coccidosis
Starve outs Water
deprivation
Growing-mature:
Rota, astro, entero,
reo viruses Fowl
cholera
Erysipelas
Black head
Trichominasis
Hemorrhagic
enteritis
 Diseases of Poultry Tawfik Aboellail, CSU 2017 Page: 14 of
19

181, AV. ENCEPHALOMYELITIS Hepatovirus, Multiple birds Paralysis and Lymphocytic NCDV
(epidemic tremor) Picornaviridae family are affected prostration encephalomyelitis Encephalomalacia
Brain Dactylariosis
Aspeigillosis
Marek’s
182 “ “ “ “ Eye Bluish opacity Iridocyclitis with cataract NCD
Arizonosis
Septicemias

183 OVERALL VIEW OF FUNGAL FUNGI ALL NECROTIZING/ MORPHOLOGIC/ DIFFERNTIAL

AND PROTOZOAL DISEASES PROTOZOA INFLAMMATORY ETIOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS LISTS

184 ASPERGILLOSIS Aspergillus fumigatus Chicks Open mouth Dyspenea with cyanosis Mycobacteriosis
Brooder Pneumonia; Mycotic breathing and M. gallisepticum
Pneumonia; Pneumomycosis) gasping D. gallopava

185 “ “ “ “ Syrinx Nodules and plaques Fibrinopurulent “ “

tracheobronchitis
186- “ “ “ “ Lungs and air sacs “ “ Multifocally extensive “ “
189 granulomatous pneumonia
and fibrinous air sacculitis
190 FAVUS Microsporum gallinae Comb and wattle White crusting Locally extensive Pathognomonic
(Avian ringworm, Avian M. gypseum and hyperkeratotic (crusting) with
dermatophytosis) Trichophyton simii dermatitis pseudohyphae

191- CANDIDIASIS Candida albicans Crop Diphthretic patches Multifocal and coalescing Wet Pox
193 (Thrush; moniliasis, crop Shallow ulcers necrotizing to proliferative Hypovitaminosis A
mycosis, sour crop, muguet, soor, ingluvitis Trichomoniasis
levurosis) Capillarisis

194, DACTYLARIOSIS Dactylaria gallopava Brain and eyes Cloudy plaques Locally extensive Asperigillosis
195 (neurotropic in turkey) Cerebellum pyogranulomatous Colibacillosis
encephalitis with unilateral Salmonellosis
atrophy of optic tract and
lobe and catarct
 Diseases of Poultry Tawfik Aboellail, CSU 2017 Page: 15 of
19

196, TRICHOMONIASIS Trichomonas gallinae Mouth, pharynx, Plaques, nodules Necrogranulomatous to Wet pox
197 (Canker in pigeons and founce esophagus, crop proliferative stomatitis, Hypovitaminosis
raptors) esophagitis, ingluvitis

198- HISTOMONIASIS Histomonas meleagridis, Ceca, liver Targetoid lesions Necrogranulomatous Erysipelas
201 (Blackhead disease; Enterohepatitis) Cecal cores hepatitis and fibrinonecrotic
enteritis (cecal core)
202- COCCIDIOSIS Anterior 1/3 E. acervulina 230, 231 Duodenum Discolored, Catarrhal to fibrinonecrotic Clostridosis
211 (Chicken Eimeriosis) E. praecox thickened, white foci enteritis Salmonellosis
Histomoniasis
E. mivati Exotic NCD
Middle 1/3 E. necatrix Bloody contents Necrohemorrhagic to HPAVI
232, 235 - Mid gut
E. maxima fibrinonecrotic enteritis

Lower 1/3 E. brunetti

E. mitis
Ceca E. tenella 236-238 Ceca Bloody contents, Severe diffuse hemorrhagic
severe necrosis and necrotizing enteritis

212, Turkey Eimeriosis Anterior 2/3 E meleagrimitis. Anterior intestine Diphthretic Fibrinohemorrhagic and Salmonellosis
2413 Mid gut E. dispersa. membrane necrotizing enteritis Histomoniasis
Distal 1/3 E gallapovonis
Catarrhal to fibrinomucoid
E adenoides
enteritis
214, SARCOCYTOSIS S. horwathi in chickens Breast muscles of Rice grains Muscular sarcocyosis No reaction to the
215 (Sarcosporidiosis) S. anatina and S. rileyi in wild ducks Pale large sarcocysts cysts in muscles
ducks arranged in parallel
with muscle fibers

216, OVERALL VIEW OF ECTOPARASITES ALL ANEMIA DIFFERNTIAL

217 ECTOPARASITIS AND HELMINTHS HEMORRHAGE LISTS
METAZOAL DISEASES MECHANICAL
OBSTRUCTIONS
 Diseases of Poultry Tawfik Aboellail, CSU 2017 Page: 16 of
19

218 NEMATODES Ascardia galli in chickens Small intestine obstruction Eosinophilic enteritis 
(Nematodiasis) A. dissimilis in turkey Intestinal obstruction

219 Hetraix gallinarum Cecal pouches Carrier for Mild to severe chronic
Hetrakis isolonche H. meleagridis typhlohepatitis (fibrous and
(pheasants) granulomatous in pheasants)

220 Capillaria annulata in esophagus, crop White plaques/ Fibrinonecrotic and proliferative Wet pox
chickens and owls Capillaria thickening inflammation Hypovitaminosis A
contorta Earth worms are I.H. Canker
Oral cavity,
esophagus, crop
221 Syngamus trachea Trachea Male and female in Hemorrhagic tracheitis ILT
permanent copulation
222 ACNTHOCEPHELIASIS Plagiorhynchus cylindraceus Passerine birds Thorny headed worms Intestinal acanthocephaliasis Pathognomonic

223 SCALY LEG MITE. Knemidokoptes mutans Leg White scales Hyperkeratotic and proliferative Riboflavin d.
epidermitis and dermatitis
“ pilae
(psttacines)
224 CHICKEN MITE –RED MITE Dermanyssus gallinae Under wings, Small red mites appear Cuaneous acariasis with locally
0.7 mm long x 0.4 mm pericloaca black or gray exensive alopecia

Back or red if engorged

Knemidokoptes gallinae Feet with blood
DEPLUMING MITES

Breakage or feather
NORTHERN FOWL MITE loss
Ornithonyssus sylviarum
 Diseases of Poultry Tawfik Aboellail, CSU 2017 Page: 17 of
19

225 PEDICULSOSIS Feathers Adult lice Wing feather pediculosis Acariasis

Head louse Culclotogaste heterographa
Shaft louse Menopon gallinae
Wing louse Lipeurus caponis
226, Fluff louse Gonicocotes gallinae “ Eggs (nits) Locally extensive alopecia
227 Brown Chicken louse Goniodes dissimilis

Large turkey louse Chelopistes meleagridis

Slender pigeon louse Columbicola columabae

228 OVERALL VIEW OF NUTRITIONAL ALL DEGENERATIVE DIFFERENTIAL

NUTRITIONAL AND DEFICIENIEC LISTS
MISCELLANEOUS DISEASES GENETIC/UNKNOWN
229 AVIAN ENCEPHALOMALACIA Hypovitaaminosis E/selenium Paralyzed birds Sudden onset of lateral Cerebellar hemorrhagic Neurologic diseases
233 (Crazy chick disease) deficiency Cerebellum prostration with heads malacia with vascular necrosis
retracted, legs
oustretched and toes
flexed and contine to
eat

234 Exudative diathesis Skin Subcutaneous hemorrhage and HPAI

“ “ edema Gang. dermatitis
Muscular dystrophy “ “ White pale areas
235- Skeletal muscles Multifocally extensive
237 Pectoral muscles and muscular degeneration/necosis
gizzard (poults)

238 HYPOVITAMONIOSIS A Vitamin A deficiency Crop White pustules Glandular squamous Pox
metaplasia and hyperkeratosis Capillarisis
Thrush
Visceral gout
 Diseases of Poultry Tawfik Aboellail, CSU 2017 Page: 18 of
19

239 CURLED TOE PARALYSIS Vitamin B2 deficiency Toes Inward curling Neural dystrophy due to myelin Marek’s
degeneration
240, BIOTIN DEFECIENCY Vitamin B7 deficiency Beak and legs Thickening and Exudative dermatitis Pantothenic acid
241 cracking deficiency
242 - CHONDRODYSTROPHY Deficiency of manganese or Hocks Displaced, thickened Tendonopathy with Viral arthritis
244 Slipped tendon (perosis) one of four vitamin B displacement
biotin, folic acid, niacin,
or pyridoxine

245- RICKETS Deficiency of vitamin D3 Beak Malleable Osteopenia and decreased Tibial
248 mineralization dyschondroplasia
Ribs Racketic rosary Failure of endochondral
mineralization
Long bones Flared, irregular growth Retention of pyhseal cartilage
plate with failure of endochondral
ossification

249- TIBIAL DYSCHONDROPLASIA Multifcatorial? Genetic/ Tibia/ an abnormal mass of Tibial to tibiotrasal Rickets
251 nutritional/mycotoxins proximal tibiotarsus cartilage below the dyschondroplasia due to failure
growth plate of cartilage ossification and
(fusarium toxicity)
Comparison removal (decreased
chondroclasts)
252, SPONDYLOLISTHESIS Developmental problem/ T 4-6 thoracic Deformation and Vertebral luxation/dislocation Fracture due to
trauma (heavy weight) vertebra displacement with stenotic myelopathy broken back
(Kinky back)
253 SCOLIOSIS Genetic Thoracic Multiple veretbrae Vertebral scoliosis Kinky back
Rickets
254 TIBIAL ROTATION Unknown 90º rotation distal Unilateral Lateral rotation of distal tibia Slipped tendon
(Twisted legs) tibia

255, OSTEOPOROSIS Deficiency of vitamin D3, Decreased volume but Deformed keel Sternal deformity due to Rickets
256 (Cage layer fatigue or adult rickets) calcium or phosphorus no loss in density osteopenia
(imbalance) Cortical osteopenia with
Long bones brittle with
thin cortices pathologic fracture
 Diseases of Poultry Tawfik Aboellail, CSU 2017 Page: 19 of
19

257, OSTEOMYELITIS Escherichia coli and Long bones and may Femoral neck Locally extensive Bacterial
Staphylococcus aureus are be associated with ecrosuppurative osteomyelitis
most commonly isolated; synovitis
less commonly,
Salmonella, Yersinia,
Streptococcus, Pasteurella,
and Arizona

258, DEEP PECTORAL MYOPATHY Mechanical (vigorous wing supracoracoideus Green necrosis Ischemic muscular necrosis
259 (Green muscle disease) beating) exertion (deep pectoral)
muscle
260 CROP DILATION Vagal nerve damage Crop Markedly distended and Severe diffuse crop dilation Lead poisoning
(Pendulous crop) Crop mycosis pendulous Marek’s
Altered diet
Excessive water intake
261- GRAIN OVERLOAD Excessive intake of Crop Distended Crop dilation with grain Crop dilation
263 carbohydrates impaction
Proventriculus Ulcerated Ulcerative ingluvitis and
proventriculitis
264 STUNTING AND RUNTING Viral (adeno, parvo, reo…) Proventriculus Enlarged Lymphocytic proventriculitis Inclusion body
SYNDROME Bacterial? with glandular necrosis and hepatitis
ductular epithelial hyperplasia
(infectious proventriculitis)

265 TOXICITY AND METABOLIC LEAD, MYCOTOXINS ALL DEGENERATIVE DIFFERENTIAL

DISORDERS AND CHEMICALS LISTS

266 LEAD TOXICITY Lead poisoning Heart Distended Hydropericardium with Ascites syndrome
Brain Hyalinosis of cerebral myocardial degeneraion Round heart disease
vessels Nephrosis
Kidneys demyelination
Nerves
267- TRICHOTHECENE T-2 toxin produced by Feathers Smaller and fewer Reduced abnormal feathering Pox
269 MYCOTOXICOSIS toxigenic species of Canker
(Fusariotoxicosis) Fusarium Beak, oral cavity, Burns Focal to multifocal necrosis Hypoviyaminosis A
esophagus, gizzard
 Diseases of Poultry Tawfik Aboellail, CSU 2017 Page: 20 of
19

270- AFLATOXICOSIS aflatoxin group (B1, Liver, kidneys Pale and enlarged Hepatic and renal fatty Fatty liver
272 B2, G1, G2) produced degeneration with necrosis, syndrome
by Aspergillus flavus- fibrosis and biliary hyperplasia
Aspergillus parasiticu

273- ASCITES SYNDROME Increased hydrostatic Heart, coelomic Gelatinous fluid and Right ventricular dilation and Round heart disease
276 (pulmonary hypertension syndrome) pressure. cavity of young fast rounded heart hypertrophy in turkey
Rapid growth, elevated growing chickens (biventricular
metabolic rate, and dilation)
therefore a high oxygen
demand impose an

increased workload on the

heart.
This, combined with the
insufficient pulmonary
capillary capacity of the
modern broiler chicken,
aggravates the pulmonary
hypertension
277- ROUND HEART DISEASE Possibly toxic agents in Heart Rounded (globoid) Biventricular dilation Ascites syndrome
279 turkeys (antitrypsin and
furazolidone) associated
with built-up litter
280 AORTIC RUPTURE Nutritional deficiencies Aorta of turkeys Massive coelomic Aortic rupture with severe Hemorrhagic
possibly copper hemorrhage coelomoc hemorrhage syndrome
Genetic hypertension

281 PERIRENAL HEMORRHAGE Unknown Both kidneys of Foacl hemorrhage Bilateral moderate to severe ”
rapidly growing perirenal hemorrhage
turkeys 8-14 w
 Diseases of Poultry Tawfik Aboellail, CSU 2017 Page: 21 of
19

282 AMMONIA TOXICITY Eyes Edematous, red Keratoconjunctivitis to NCD

ulcerative keratitis HPAI
H. paragallinarum,
M. gallisepticum
283- AMYLOIDOIS Associated with chronic Liver, kidneys Most common in ducks Severe diffuse Asperigillosis
285 infections and finches hepatic/renalamyloidosis with
ascites
286 UROLITHIASIS dietary protein (30-40%), Urters Chalky, gritty white Ureteral urolithiasis IB
calcium excess ( > 3% ), Cloaca material
sodium bicarbonate
toxicity, mycotoxins
(oosporin, ochratoxin),
vitamin A deficiency,

287 VISCERAL GOUT Serosal surfaces Diffuse serosal urate

deposition
288, ARTICULAR GOUT “ “ Synovial Chalky, gritty white Articular urate deposition “
289 membranes material Arthritis
290 GOITER Iodine deficiency Genetics Thyroids (around Male mature Buff Bilateral diffuse thyroid Thyroid adenoma
suspected syrinx) Cochin hyperplasia
291 CYSTIC OVARIES Hormonal Ovary Multiple, variably sized Internal layers
cysts Egg binding

Ovarian carcinoma
292 PROVENTRICULAR Incidental Proventriculus None
INTUSUSSCEPTION telescopes into
gizzard

293 MECKEL’S DIVERTICULUM Congenital (embryonic) Yolk sac appendage of the Extramedullary myelopoiesis None
small intestine
 Diseases of Poultry Tawfik Aboellail, CSU 2017 Page: 22 of
19

294 CEREBELLAR HYPOPLASIA Avian parvovirus Cerebellum Small with less distinct Cerebellar hypoplasia Salmonella
folia E. coli,
P. aeruginosa,
Enterococcus
encephalomalacia
encephalocele/
exencephaly, and
pox vaccination
reaction
295 MELANOSIS Breed genetics Brain Black Aracauna hen Diffuse meningeal melanosis None

296 RENAL AGENESIS Congeintal One kidney Absent Unilateral renal agenesis “
Blockage of the migration of
the mesonephric duct in Day
2 chick embryos
297 POLYDACTYLY Hereditary Supernumerary digits Both feet Bilateral polydactyly “

298 NEOPLASIA MULTIFACTORIAL/ ALL PROLIFERATIVE/ DIFFERENTIAL

VIRAL INFILTRATIVE LISTS
300 OVARIAN AND OVIDUCT Hyperovulation Ovaries  Nodular Ovarian/oviduct carcinoma Pancreatic
CARCINOMA coelomic cavity (carcinomatosis) carcinomatosis
Leukosis
Marek’s
301 GRANULOSA CELL TUMOR Non-hormonal Follicles of Solitary large to Ovarian granulosa cell Ovarian
atrophic ovaries nodular tumor adenocarcinoma
302 THYMOMA Unknown Thymus in young Nodular, smooth Lymphocytic to epithelial None
bords thymoma
303 NEPHROBLASTOMA Avian alpharetrovirus Back, kidneys, Large variegated Nephroblastoma Leukosis complex
bursa mass Marek’s
304 SQUAMOUS CELL Spontaneous Skin broilers Yellow irregular Dermal squamous cell None
CARCINOMA ulcers in broilers carcinoma
305 SERTOLI CELL TUMOR “ Testicles Round, smooth Sertoli cell tumor Teratoma
306 THYROID ADENOMA Iodine deficiency or excess One thyroid gland Large, smooth Unilateral thyroid adenoma Goiter
around syrinx or
ventral column
 Diseases of Poultry Tawfik Aboellail, CSU 2017 Page: 23 of
19

307, HEMANGIOSARCOMA Spontatenous Hemangiomas

308 caused by avian
leukosis V.
309 XANTHOMATOSIS Uncertain etiology Wing, legs Nodular yellow skin Cutaneous xanthomatosis Tuton’s giant
(possibly toxic materials in cells
animal fats) Cholesterol clefts
310 MYXOMAS Spontaneous Intestine Multiple, mucoid Intestinal myxomas Pectoral
RHABDOMYOSARCOMA Pectoral muscles Firm muscle rhabdomyosarcoma