GRAM

NEGATIVE COCCI
AND BACILLI
UNIT 3: PART 2
Prepared by: Joanne A. Marasigan, RPh, BSCP
REMINDER:
This presentation is property of and for the exclusive use
of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system,
distributing, uploading, or posting online, or transmitting in
any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this
online classroom, without the prior written permission of
SLU or the authors, is strictly prohibited.
INTRODUCTION
 GRAM NEGATIVE

GRAM STAIN: PINK OR RED

THINNER PEPTIDOGLYCAN WALL

Gram-staining of E.coli
GRAM POSITIVE vs GRAM NEGATIVE
GRAM STAINING

1884

HANS CHRISTIAN GRAM

GRAM STAINING
GRAM NEGATIVE
COCCI
Neisseria gonorrhoeae

AEROBIC

POLYSACCHARIDE CAPSULE

NON-MOTILE

“BEAN SHAPED”
Neisseria gonorrhoeae

GONORRHEA

COMPLICATIONS:
- Gonorrheal endocarditis
- Gonorrheal meningitis
- Gonorrheal arthritis
- Women: PID
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae

OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM
- Via birth canal
- Blindness
Neisseria meningitidis

AEROBIC

ENCAPSULATED

NON-MOTILE
Neisseria meningitidis

MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS

- Rash
- Throat infection
- Bacteremia
- Deafness
Moraxella catarrhalis

NON-MOTILE

AEROBIC

DIPLOCOCCI
Moraxella catarrhalis

“Branhamella catarrhalis”
- Otitis media
- Sinusitis
- Respiratory infection (COPD)
- Resembles “pneumonia”
GRAM NEGATIVE
BACILLI
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ASPOROGENOUS

MONOFLAGELLATED
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

PROBLEMS:

- Nosocomial pneumonia
- UTI
Klebsiella pneumoniae

AEROBIC

NON-MOTILE

LACTOSE-FERMENTING
Klebsiella pneumoniae

BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA

“HYPERVIRULENT”
- Lead to different complications
Escherichia coli

MOST PROLIFIC MICROBE IN GIT

Normal microbiota but can

be PATHOGENIC
 Escherichia coli

Enterotoxigenic E. coli “ETEC”

Enteropathogenic E. coli “EPEC”
Enteroinvasive E. coli “EIEC”
Entero-hemorrhagic E. coli “EHEC”
Proteus mirabilis

FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE

SWARMING MOTILITY

ABILITY TO ELONGATE
Proteus mirabilis

URINARY TRACT INFECTION

Vibrio cholerae

SLIGHTLY CURVED

SINGLE POLAR FLAGELLUM

PRODUCES EXOTOXIN

CONTAMINATED FRESH
WATER
Vibrio cholerae

CHOLERA
- Most serious GI disease
- “Rice-watery stools”

COMPLICATIONS:
- Fluid/electrolyte loss
- Shock
- Collapse
Helicobacter pylori

SPIRAL-SHAPED

MICROAEROPHILIC BACTERIA
Helicobacter pylori

PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE

- Gastric ulcer
- Duodenal ulcer
Helicobacter pylori
Salmonella typhi

MOST VIRULENT TYPE OF

SALMONELLA

- Via feces
Salmonella typhi

TYPHOID FEVER

- High fever
- Continual headache
- Diarrhea
- Severe: Ulceration/Perforation
“TYPHOID MARY”
Shigella dysenteriae

NON-MOTILE

NON-ENCAPSULATED

FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE

SPECIES:
- S. sonnei
- S. flexneri
- S. dysenteriae
- S. boydii
Shigella dysenteriae

“SHIGELLOSIS”

“BACILLARY DYSENTERY”

- Shiga toxin
GRAM NEGATIVE
COCCOBACILLI
Haemophilus influenzae

NON-MOTILE

NON-SPORE FORMING

POLYSACCHARIDE CAPSULE
Haemophilus influenzae

PNEUMONIA
- Resembles pneumococcal pneumonia

CONJUNCTIVITIS
- “Pink eye”

MENINGITIS
- Fever, headache, stiff neck
Yersinia pestis
NON-MOTILE

ELONGATED

FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE
Yersinia pestis

PLAGUE

“BLACK DEATH”
Bordetella pertussis

SMALL, AEROBIC

VIRULENT STRAINS → CAPSULE

“TRACHEAL CYTOTOXIN”

“PERTUSSIS TOXIN”
Bordetella pertussis

WHOOPING COUGH
- Catarrhal stage
- Paroxysmal stage
- Convalescence stage
WHOOPING COUGH
Brucella spp.

SMALL, AEROBIC

“AIR-BORNE”

POTENTIAL FOR BIOTERRORISM

Brucella spp.

Brucella abortus

Brucella suis

Brucella melitensis

“UNDULANT FEVER”
Gardnerella vaginalis

AEROBIC

NON-MOTILE
Gardnerella vaginalis

BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS
Legionella pneumophila

1976 - “AMERICAN LEGION”

- Replication within macrophages

Legionella pneumophila

LEGIONNAIRE’S DISEASE

“LEGIONELLOSIS”
- High fever
- Cough
- Symptoms of pneumonia

ANOTHER FORM: “PONTIAC FEVER”

THE END.
jamarasigan@slu.edu.ph