Computation and Implementation

Sensible Heat Gains

Orani, Bataan; Maximum Temperature:
Outdoor = 35 °C Indoor = 22 °C
A. Thermal Transmission
1. Front Wall
Rectangle: Height = 8 m Width = 30 m
Triangle: Height = 1 m Width = 30 m

A1.1 = Area of Front Wall = (B) (h) = (8 m) (30 m) = 240 m2 (rectangle)

A1.2 = (B) (h) / 2 = (1) (30) / 2 = 15 m2 (triangle)

A1 = A1.1 + A1.2 = 240 + 15 = 255 m2
Height = 1.5 m Length = 1.22 m No. of Windows = 10

A2 = Area of Glass Window = (L) (h) = (1.22 m) (1.5 m) = (1.83 m2) (10) = 18.3 m2

Height = 2 m Length = 1.5 m

A3 = Area of Glass Door = (L) (h) = (2 m) (1.5 m) = 3 m2

AFW = Total Front Wall Area = A1 – A2 – A3 = 255 m2 - 18.3 m2 – 3m2 = 233.7 m2

From table 4-4, pg.68-69, Refrigeration & Air Conditioning by Stoecker & Jones
Wall Materials R, m2-K˚/W
Concrete Block(320mm) 0.1216
1m
(0.38)(320mm)( ¿
1000 mm
Cement Plaster(60mm) (1.39) 0.0834
1m
(60mm)( )
1000 mm
Air space 0.170
Outside air firm (for cooling 0.044
season)
Inside air film 0.120
Total, RT 0.539
For heat transferred through the front wall, QFW:
(t 1−t 2) (35−22)
QFW = AFW = 233.7
RT 0.539
QFW = 5,636.549 W
From table 4-4, pg.68-69, Refrigeration & Air Conditioning by Stoecker & Jones

Window Materials R, m2-K˚/W

Single Glass Windows 5.88
For heat transmitted through the single glass window:

QSGFWi = U A2 (T1−T2) = 5.88 (18.3 𝑚2) (35−22)

QSGFWi = 1,398.852 W
From table 4-4, pg.68-69, Refrigeration & Air Conditioning by Stoecker & Jones

Door Materials R, m2-˚K/W

Glass Door (10mm) 0.028
1m
(2.8) (10mm) ( ¿
1000 m
Inside air film 0.120
Outside air film (for 0.044
cooling season)
Total,RT RT = 0.188
For heat transferred through the front door:
(t 1−t 2) (35−22)
QFD = AFD =3 = 207.447 W
RT 0.188
Total heat transmitted through the Front Wall:
QFTW = QFW + QSGW + QFTW = 5274.768 + 1398.852 + 207.447 = 6,881.067 W
 2. Right and Left Wall
Height = 8 m Length = 51 m
A4 = Area of Right and Left Wall = (b) (h) = (8) (51) = 408 m2
Height = 0.8 m Length = 0.5 m No. of Windows = 16 right + 16 left = 32
A5 = Total Area of R and L Glass Window = (0.8) (0.5) = 0.4 (32) = 12.8 m2
AR&LW = Total Area of Right and Left Wall = A4 – A5 = 408 – 12.8 = 395.2 m2
From table 4-4, pg.68-69, Refrigeration & Air Conditioning by Stoecker & Jones
Wall Materials R, m2-K˚/W
Concrete Block(320mm) 0.1216
1m
(0.38)(320mm)( ¿
1000 mm
Cement Plaster(60mm) (1.39) 0.0834
1m
(60mm)( )
1000 mm
Air space 0.170
Outside air firm (for cooling 0.044
season)
Inside air film 0.120
Total, RT 0.539

For heat transferred through the right and left wall, Q R&LW:
(t 1−t 2) (35−22)
QR&LW = AR&LW = 395.2
RT 0.539
QR&LW = 9,531.725 W
From table 4-4, pg.68-69, Refrigeration & Air Conditioning by Stoecker & Jones

Window Materials R, m2-K˚/W

Single Glass Windows 5.88
For heat transmitted through the single glass window:
QSGR&LWi = U A5 (T1−T2) = 5.88 (12.8 m2) (35−22)
QSGR&LWi = 9,78.432 W
Total heat transmitted through the Right and Left Wall:
QTR&LW = QR&LW + QSGR&LWi = 9531.725 W + 978.432 W = 10,510.157 W = 21,020.314 W
 3. Rear Wall
Rectangle: Height = 8 m Width = 30 m
Triangle: Height = 1 m Width = 30 m

A6.1 = Area of Front Wall = (B) (h) = (8 m) (30 m) = 240 m2 (rectangle)

A6.2 = (B) (h) / 2 = (1) (30) / 2 = 15 m2 (triangle)

A6 = A1.1 + A1.2 = 240 + 15 = 255 m2
Height = 0.9 m Width = 0.65 m No. of windows = 2
A7 = Total Area of Rear Glass Window = (B) (h) = (0.9) (0.65) = (0.585) (2) = 1.17 m2
ARW = Total Rear Wall Area = A6 – A7 = 255 - 1.17 = 253.83 m2
From table 4-4, pg.68-69, Refrigeration & Air Conditioning by Stoecker & Jones
Wall Materials R, m2-K˚/W
Concrete Block(320mm) 0.1216
1m
(0.38)(320mm)( ¿
1000 mm
Cement Plaster(60mm) (1.39) 0.0834
1m
(60mm)( )
1000 mm
Air space 0.170
Outside air firm (for cooling 0.044
season)
Inside air film 0.120
Total, RT 0.539

For heat transferred through the rear wall, Q RW:

(t 1−t 2) (35−22)
QRW = ARW = 253.83
RT 0.539
QRW = 6,122.059 W
From table 4-4, pg.68-69, Refrigeration & Air Conditioning by Stoecker & Jones

Window Materials R, m2-K˚/W

Single Glass Windows 5.88
For heat transmitted through the single glass window:
QRWi = U A7 (T1−T2) = 5.88 (1.17 m2) (35−22)
QRWi = 89.435 W
Total heat transmitted through the Rear Wall:
QTRW = QRW + QRWi = 6122.059 W + 89.435 W = 6211.4938 W

Total Thermal transmission through Walls = QFTW + QTR&LW + QRW = 6881.067 W +

21,020.314 W + 6211.4938 W = 34,112.8784 W
 B. Solar Load through Solar Radiation

1. Solar load through transparent surfaces

Front Window Right & Left Window Rear Window

L 1.22 m 0.5 m 0.65 m
H 1.5 m 0.8 m 0.9 m

D = 300 mm

Direction: 10° SE
Condition/Location: 40° North Latitude
Solar Time: 10:00 AM
Glass Specs:
T = 6 mm
Type = Heat Absorbing
Shading: Medium venetian blinds with interior shading
From Table 4-13, p.78 (Stoecker), for March 21st at 10:00 am and 40° North Latitude
β = 47° φ = 47°

From the azimuth angle: Г = 𝜑 + 𝜓 = 47° − 10° = 37°

For the depth of the shaded area: Y = 𝑑 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 𝑐𝑜𝑠Г = 0.30 (𝑡𝑎𝑛47° 𝑐𝑜𝑠47°) = 0.40 m

For the width of the shaded area: X = 𝑑 𝑡𝑎𝑛Г = 0.30(𝑡𝑎𝑛37°) = 0.23 m

For the sunlit area (Front Window):
A = (h − Y) (l − X) = (1.5 − 0.40) (1.22 − 0.23) = 1.089 m2
For the sunlit area (Right & Left Window):
A = (h − Y) (l − X) = (0.8 − 0.40) (0.5 − 0.23) = 0.108 m2
For the sunlit area (Rear Window):
A = (h − Y) (l − X) = (0.9 − 0.40) (0.65 − 0.23) = 0.21 m2
Solving for Solar Heat Gain, QSG = (SHGFMAX) (SC) (CLF) (A)

March SE and 40° North Latitude: SHGFMAX = 730 W/m2

Heat Absorbing Glass (From Table 4-11, p.76 - Stoecker): SC = 0.57
At 10:00 AM and SE (From Table 4-12, p77 – Stoecker): CLF = 0.79

QSG for Front Window: QSG = 10[(730) (0.57) (0.79) (1.089)] = 3579.74991 W
QSG for Right & Left Window: QSG = 32[(730) (0.57) (0.79) (0.108)] = 1136.0529 W
QSG for Rear Window: QSG = 2[(730) (0.57) (0.79) (0.21)] = 138.06198 W
Total Solar heat gain: QTSG = 3579.74991 + 1136.0529 + 138.06198 = 4,853.8648 W
2. Solar load on Opaque Surfaces
QOW =UW A [CLTD + (25 − T1) + (T2 − 29)]

Wall Materials R, m2-K˚/W

Concrete Block(320mm) 0.1216
1m
(0.38)(320mm)( ¿
1000 mm
Cement Plaster(60mm) 0.0834
1m
(1.39)(60mm)( )
1000 mm
Air space 0.170
Outside air firm (for 0.044
cooling season)
Inside air film 0.120
Total, RT 0.539

For the value of UW: UW = 1/RT = 1/0.539 = 1.85529 W/m2°K

QOW = (1.85529) (233.7) [10 + (25 − 22) + (35 − 29)]
QOW = 8,238.0442 W
Total Solar Load through Solar Radiation = QTSG + QOW = 4853.8648 W + 8238.0442
Total of Solar Load through Solar Radiation = 13,091.90899 W
 C. Heat Emissions from Occupants
QOS = (QP) (NO) (CLF)
From table 4-7, p73 by Stoecker, for heat gain from occupants:
Seated, quiet;
Heat Gain = 100 W
Sensible heat gain = 60%
QP = (100 W) (0.60) = 60
NO or number of occupants = floor area / average area per person

(From table 4-8, p73 by stoecker for space per occupant for auditorium = 1.0 m2)
For the floor area, AF:
AF = 1530 m2
NO = 1530 m2 / 1 m2 = 1530 occupants
From table 4-9, p74, stoecker, for cooling load factor per person
CLF for working 2 hrs = 0.59
QOS = (60) (1530) (0.5)
QOS = 54,162 W
QT = 54,162 W
D. Heat gain through the Ceiling
QTC = (U) (A) (CLTD)
U = total heat transfer coefficient
CLTD = cooling load temperature difference
A = total area of ceiling
Ceiling Area = 1530 m2
Type 1, suspended ceiling
CLTD = 41° (From table 4-7, p81, stoecker,)
U = 0.356 W/m2K
QTC = (.356) (1530) (41) = 22,331.88
 E. Heat gain from Electrical Lightings
QLS = (Lamp Rating) (No. of Lamps) (FU) (FB) (CLF)

Lamp Rating: 200 W each

No. of Lamps: 30
Hours of Operation: 8hours
Fixture: Hanging

CLF = 0.87 (taken from table 4 – 6:p.72 by Stoeker)

FU = 100% are in use = 1.0
FB = 1.2 (taken from p.72 Stoeker)
No. of hours lights are turned on: 8 hours
QLS = lamp rating (FU) (FB) (CLF)
QLS = 200 x 30 x 1.0 x 1.2 x 0.87
QLS = 6,264 W/lamp

Latent Heat Gains

A. Latent Heat Gain from Occupants
QOL = (Heat gains per person) (No. of occupants) (CLF)

Heat gains per person = (100) (1−0.6) = 40 𝑊

CLF = 1.0
No. of occupants = 1530 occupants
QOL = 40 (1530) (1.0)
QOL = 61, 200 W
B. Latent Heat Gain through Infiltration or Air Leakage

QAL = Room Volume (NC / 3600)

Quality of Construction: Average

a.) 0.2 b.) 0.015 c.) 0.014
V = Wind Velocity; m/s
V = 16.5 KPH or 4.38 m/s for summer

NC = a + b + c (TO – TI) = 0.2 + 0.015(4.38) + 0.014(35−24)

NC = 0.4197
Room Volume = 1530 m2 x 9 m
Room Volume = 13,770 m3
QAL = (13,770) (0.4197) / 3600
QAL = 1.6054 W
C. Latent Heat Gain from Infiltration

QIL = (3000) (q) (WO – WI)

q = QIS 1.6054
WO = 0.028 kg / kg d.a
WI = 0.01112 kg / kg d.a
QIL = 3000 (1.6054) (0.028−0.01112)
QIL = 81.2975W
Overall Total Heat Load of the Facility Space:

QTOTAL = ∑ Sensible Heat Load + ∑ Latent Heat Load

∑ Sensible Heat Load = QTW + QTSG + QSL + QOS + QTC + QLS = 34,112.8784 +
4,853.8648 + 13,091.90899 + 54,162 + 22,331.88 + 6,264 = 134,816.5322 W

∑ Latent Heat Load = QOL + QAL + QIL = 61, 200 + 1.6054 + 81.2975 = 61,282.9029 W

QTOTAL = 134,816.5322 + 61,282.9029

QTOTAL = 196,099.4351 W = 196.0994 KW

(1TR = 3.51685 KW)

1TR
196.0994 KW ( ) = (55.77 TR) (0.05) = (2.79 + 55.77) TR = 58.56 TR ≈ 60 TR
3.516 KW
Ducting System Design of Orani Multipurpose Gym, Bataan

Design Data:

Outside temperature = 35˚C

Maintained Inside temperature = 22˚C

RH = 60%

 For Cooling Coil

DB = 24˚C

RH = 95%

The supply air temperature 20˚C

Density of air = 1.2041 kg/m3 (data taken from table 6-2: pg.106, Stoecker) @ 20˚C

Constant pressure drop = 1.5 P/m

 Fitting Data

Elbow, inner and outer radii ratio 0.20

Angle turns and branches angle 90˚C

Outdoor Air

DB = 35˚C

WB = 22.5 ˚C

RH = 95%

The supply temperature is = 20˚C

Density of air = 1.2041 kg/m3 (data taken from table 6-20:p.106, Stoeker) @ ts = 20˚C

Solving for Volume Flow Rate

Total Heat Load = 196,099.4351 watts

Design Calculation of Ducting System

Ducting Specifications

 Duct dimention width: 4 x height

 Velocity on duct, V main: 6.5 m/s

V main duct: 4.5 m/s

Branch: 2.5 m/s

 Volume flow rates, Q main: 5m3/s

Q main branch: 2 m3/s

Q branch: 1 m3/s

Determination of duct Size

For main duct

A=Q/V

Where: A = Cross section area

¿W x H

W =0.79/ H

W =4 / H

Therefore

4 H=0.769 /H

H=√ 0.769/ 4

¿ 0.439 m

Also;

W =4 (0.439)=1.75 m

Therefore;

Main duct dimension

 A=H x H=439mm x 1750 mm

 For Main Branch Duct

A=Q/V

where: A = cross sectional area

Q = 2 m3/s

V = 4.5 m/s

Also

A=WH

W =0.4444 /H

But;

W =4 H

H=√ 0.444 /4

¿ 0.333

Also;

W =4 (0.166)=1.332

Therefore;

Duct size or dimensions

A=H x W =333 mm x 1332 mm

 For Branch Duct

A = Q/V

Where:
A = cross sectional area

Q = Volume flow rate = 1 m3/s

V = air velocity

Therefore;

A=1/2.5=0.4

Also:

A=W / H= A /H =0.4 /H

But;

W =4 (0.316)=1.264

Therefore; Duct size or Dimension

A=H x W =316 mm x 1264 mm

Economics

A. PURCHASING AC UNITS

Materials Quantity Price Total (Php)

Chiller 1 650,000 650,000
Pumps 3 75,000 225,000
Diffuser 45 300 13,500
Duct(Metal Sheet) 230ft 300 69,000
Joints 24 1,100 24,000
Duct fan 4 1,500 6,000
Air Handling Unit 1 350,000 350,000
Glass window 100,000
Control room 80,000
Brackets 75,000
1,592,500

B. BUILDING COST OF CONTROL ROOM

Description Quantity No. of Salary per day Total

Working Days

Mason 1 7 500 3,500

Labourer 5 7 360 12,600

16,100

C. INSTALLATION COST:

Description Quantity No. of Working Salary per day Total (Php)

days (Php)
HVAC 1 14 800 11,200
Technician
Labourer 4 14 360 20,160
31,360

Total purchasing and installation cost = 1,592,500 + 16,100 + 31,360 = 1,639,960

PHP

D. ANNUAL OPERATIONAL COST OF AC UNITS

 Month Generation Estimated Operating AC Power No. of Total
Operating days per Consumption AC Cost per
Charge
Hours (hr) Month (KW) Units Month
(PhP/Kwh) (PHP)
January 9.88 7 31 38.9 KW 1 83,400.044
February 9.88 7 28 38.9 KW 1 75,329.072
March 9.88 7 31 38.9 KW 1 83,400.044
April 9.88 7 30 38.9 KW 1 80,709.72
May 9.88 7 31 38.9 KW 1 83,400.044
June 9.88 7 30 38.9 KW 1 80,709.72
July 9.88 7 31 38.9 KW 1 83,400.044
August 9.88 7 31 38.9 KW 1 83,400.044
September 9.88 7 30 38.9 KW 1 80,709.72
October 9.88 7 31 38.9 KW 1 83,400.044
November 9.88 7 30 38.9 KW 1 80,709.72
December 9.88 7 31 38.9 KW 1 83,400.044
Total Operational Cost per year = 981,968.26 Php

E. Calculation for the Maintenance Cost

Estimated Maintenance Cost/Year = (40%) (Total Operational Cost per Year)

= (.4) (₱ 981,968.26)
Estimated Maintenance Cost/Year = ₱ 392,787.304

F. Depreciation Value of AC Unit

Cost of AC Unit: ₱ 350,000

Estimated Salvage Value at end of life: ₱ 44,800
Estimated Life Year of Unit: 10 years
Depreciation during the year = Dep. Factor (Cost/Unit – Salvage Value)
Cost/Unit – Salvage Value = ₱ 305,000

By Method of Sum of the Years Digits:

Year Year in Book Value at Depreciation Depreciation Book Value at

 Reverse the beginning Factor during the the end of the
of the year year year
1 10 350,000 10/55 55,454.54545 294,545.4545
2 9 294,545.4545 9/55 49,909.09091 244,636.3636
3 8 244,636.3636 8/55 44,363.63636 200,272.7272
4 7 200,272.7272 7/55 38,818.18182 161,454.5454
5 6 161,454.5454 6/55 33,272.72727 128,181.8181
6 5 128,181.8181 5/55 27,727.27273 100,454.5454
7 4 100,454.5454 4/55 22,181.81818 78,272.72722
8 3 78,272.72722 3/55 16,636.36364 61,363.36358
9 2 61,363.36358 2/55 11,090.90909 50,272.45449
10 1 50,272.45449 1/55 5,545.454545 44,726.99994