Lab No.

BAHRIA UNIVERSITY KARACHI CAMPUS

Department of Electrical Engineering

Power System Analysis

LAB EXPERIMENT # 3

Transmission Line Analysis on Simulink

OBJECTIVES:

 To determine and design a transmission line modeling and analysis in simulink.

THEORY:
For economic reasons, overhead power lines are mainly used to transmit electrical energy from the
power stations to the consumer, whereas in densely populated urban areas the power can only be
supplied via cables.
Both means of transmission, overhead lines and cables, are included in the general term “line”. In
addition to the different costs, the respective technical properties also play a considerable role in the
selection of suitable means of transmission, as will demonstrated in the following sections.
In principle, there are three possible means of power transmission:

 AC single-phase systems,
 AC three-phase systems and
 DC systems (high-voltage dc transmission).

Today, the public supply of power take place almost without exception using three-phase current
with frequency of 50 Hz. Due to the phase shift of the three currents in a three-phase system, a
rotating field is created, which is ideally suited for use by the consumer for drive purposes, e.g. for
connection of an asynchronous motor.
As three-phase systems show either inductive or capacitive performance, depending on the
load, a reactive power compensation in the line is required for reasons of stability when
transmission line beyond a certain length are used.
The line length achievable without compensation (the so-called “critical line length”) is
approximately 800 km for overhead lines, but only about 40 km for cables. Submarine cables
for example the connection of an island to the mains - can thus only be realized for shorter
distances, as compensation installations cannot be used in this case. Only the third means of
power transmission can be considered, namely the high-voltage dc transmission (HVDC).

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 Lab No. 3

HVDC systems are used today for overhead lines, e.g. in the USA and Canada, where great
distances must be spanned. In addition, they have also been found useful as submarine cable
connections to islands.
On account of the overriding importance of three-phase technology, the following sections
only deal with the properties of this means of transmission, and mainly with reference to high
voltage overhead transmission lines. During the experiment the performance characteristics
of a transmission line are investigated under various load conditions. Circuit configurations
are then connected for the demonstration of various neutral point connections in three-phase
mains systems; here asymmetrical short-circuits are also simulated. In another set of
experiments questions regarding reactive power compensation are then dealt with.
We have to point out here that in actual practice the neutral point connection selected is not a random
choice but depends on technical and economic factors and is primarily determined by the nominal
voltage of the respective system level. The same is also true for the area of reactive power
compensation. However, in order to keep the number of components down to a reasonable level, all
the experiments carried out in this program are performed on the 380 kV transmission line model.

Exercise:

 Open MATLAB and select the Simulink icon from the main toolbar or type Simulink on the
command window. This opens the Simulink library browser.

Figure 3-1: Simulink Model of Transmission Line

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 Lab No. 3

PROCEDURE AND OBSERVATION:-

 Connect the blocks as shown.

 Set the three phase voltage source to 11KV, 50 Hz.
 Select the RLC series branch and set the value of resistance 15 Ω and 290 mH for inductance.
 Set the value of shunt capacitance line to line 0.5 µF and line to neutral 1 µF.
 For measurement select the voltmeter and ammeter
 Add Display and Scope for visualization of signal response
 Use ode23tb as the solver for the given system.
 Note the steady state voltages by opening powergui.
 Observe the waveforms on different scopes.
 Attach the waveforms.
 Voltage and Current values at the sending and the receiving side of the power system.


Calculation:

Conclusion:

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 Lab No. 3

QUESTIONS:-

1. Why is Alternating Current used for Transmission?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. What are standard Transmission and Distribution voltages?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. What are the equipments used in Sub- Station.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

4. What is SCADA?
______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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 Lab No. 3

5. Why neutral point is not required in high voltage transmission line?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

6. What is the purpose of the thin wire at the top of power transmission lines?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

7. The power losses in transmission lines depends on what factors?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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 Lab No. 3

Lab Assessment Rubric # 3

Needs Total
Category Excellent 8 Good 6 Satisfactory 4
improvement 2 (40)
Clearly describes the Adequately Describes the Cannot describe
objectives of lab. describes the objectives but the objectives of
Understands possible objectives, but misses some the lab, or what
Objectives and sources of errors and cannot discuss details. Cannot was learnt,
Results their effects. possible sources discuss possible sources of errors
Suggests ways to of errors and their sources of error or and their effects
minimize them. effects their effects

Circuit works Circuit performs Circuit performs Circuit does not

perfectly. All wires most the but output not give any output.
Circuit are attached. / Code functions, gives exactly as Most wires are
implementation works perfectly output./ Code expected. Some not connected/
/ software gives some errors connections not code not
coding done/ code gives compiled/ many
some correct output errors

Can clearly identify Adequately Describe the Cannot describe

the problems and identify the problem but cannot the problem, and
take steps to fix problems and suggest steps on has no effective
Trouble them. Uses an steps taken to fix how to solve them. strategy on how
Shooting effective strategy to them. Uses an Trouble shooting is to solve them.
solve problems effective strategy not consistent.
but misses some
details
Detailed results are Adequate results Some missing Most results are
Measurements shown for each step. are shown. 80% observations. 70% missing. Only
and 100% measurements measurements are results are correct 30%
Observations are correct correct measurements are
correct
Thorough Good Limited Shows incorrect
understanding of the understanding of understanding of understanding of
concepts underlying the concepts, the concepts. the concept.
the lab. Can apply it however cannot Cannot apply to Cannot find any
Conclusions
in real life situations apply them in real life situations usage of the
real life situations and suggest any knowledge.
use of the Cannot describe
knowledge what was learnt.

Lab No: 3 Total Marks: 40 Marks Obtained:

Signature:

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