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DESIGN OF COLD STORAGE WITH CALCULATION OF COOLING LOAD Item: Seed

Potatoes

Article · July 2019

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Amrit Tiwari
Tribhuvan University
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DESIGN OF COLD STORAGE WITH CALCULATION OF COOLING LOAD
Item: Seed Potatoes

SUBMITTED BY:
Er. Amrit Tiwari
Mechanical Engineer

SUBMITTED TO:
Er. Vishwa Prasanna Amatya
Associate Professor (HVAC)

Department of Mechanical Engineering, IOE Pulchowk Campus

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Calculation of the cold storage dimensions
For calculating the dimension of building required for the storage of 2000 METRIC Tons
of seed potatoes the layout of storage of potatoes are decided. Each floor will consist the
60 cells and each cell will be 10 ft long and 10 ft wide with 7 layers of potatoes.

Total capacity of cold storage (MT) 2000

Weight of sac (kg) 60
Total no. of sac requirement 33333

Calculation of volume of a cell

Length (ft) 10
Width(ft) 10
Height (ft) 9
Volume (cubic ft) 900

Volume of 60kg potato sacs

Length (inch) 40
Width(inch) 24
Height(inch) 10

Total no of sacs in a cell

Length wise, a 3
Width wise 5
Total Layers 7
Total no of sacs in unit cell(a*b*c) 105

No of cell required 317

No of cell in one floor 60
Total no of floor 5

On doing so 5 floors are necessary and each floor will be 124 feet in length, 90 feet in
width and 10 ft in height. The building plan will be:

Total floors : 5
Length of building,(ft) : 124
Width of building(ft) : 90
Floor ht(ft) : 10
Total height of building(ft) : 50
Volume of building(cubic feet) : 558000

2
 Total floor height taken by stacks (ft) : 6
Gap between sacks and ceiling for air
flow (ft) : 4

The plan of first to fifth floor will be as shown in figure:

3
CALCULATION OF COOLING LOAD
First the designed conditioned are set. The indoor temperature of 20C is to be maintained
with relative humidity 92% for seed potatoes.

Design Condition

Outdoor DBT 0C 33
Outdoor RH % 85
Indoor DBT oC 2
Indoor RH % 92

Using psychometric chart

Outdoor enthalpy ,ho (kJ/kg) 103.71
Indoor enthalpy ,hi (kJ/kg 7.479

In order to calculate the heat load in cold storage, the heat amount of the produced heat by
all sources are determined and summed. Different types of heat produced are heat
conducted through walls and ceiling, product heat, respiration heat, air change heat,
occupant’s heat, lighting heat.
1. Heat conducted through walls and ceiling
The calculation of the transmission heat created by walls and ceiling requires
information on thickness and type of isolation material used in construction of cold
room, construction of building, physical specifications of the cold storage volume,
inside and outside environment temperatures and the effect of sunshine. The long part
of building facing towards East-West direction, wall supposed to made up of 0.75 inch
plaster,6 inch polystyrene and 10 inch brick and ceiling with 6 inch concrete slab
instead of brick the heat conducted through walls and ceiling are determined by using
formula:
Qc= K A (To- Ti)
Where:
Qc = Heat transmission at flat surface (W)
K = Total heat transmission coefficient (W/m2 K)
A = Area of heat transmission (m2)
To = Temperature of outside or neighbour volume (K)
Ti = Inside volume temperature (K)

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Where:

αo = Coefficient of heat transmission of outside surface (W/m2 K)

αi = Coefficient of heat transmission of inside surface (W/m2 K)

xi = Material thickness (m)

λi = Thermal conductivity (W/m2 K)

Thickness Thickness
Values of λ Unit Value
,x (in) (m)
Cement Plaster w/m.k 0.72 0.75 0.01905
Concrete Slab w/m.k 2.15 6 0.1524
Polystyrene w/m.k 0.029 6 0.1524
Brick(10") w/m.k 1.02 10 0.254
αo w/m2.k 34
αi w/m2.k 9.37

1/K K (w/m2.k)
Ceiling 5.49 0.18
Walls 5.67 0.176

Conduction through walls and ceiling

Area Indoor Transmission
Walls Outdoor(temp) Allowance TTD
(m2) (temp) Load
East 576.0 33 2 6 37 3760.9
West 576.0 33 2 6 37 3760.9
South 418.1 33 2 4 35 2582.1
North 418.1 33 2 0 31 2287.0
Ceiling 1036.8 33 2 15 46 8416.2

Cooling Load W 20807.0

Cooling Load kW 20.8
Actual Cooling
Load kW 22.9

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2. Product Heat
It is the amount of heat to be extracted from the product to maintain the product at
desired temperature. Product heat is calculated by using formula

Qp= m*S*(To-Ti)* 24/T

Qp = Heat produced by cold stored product in a day

m = Amount of the stored product (kg) per day
S = Specific heat up to product freezing (kJ kg-1 K)
To = initial temperature (K)
Ti = Inside temperature (K)
T = Operating time in a day=20hours

Calculation of Product load

Mass of Potato per day
(kg) 80000
Specific heat(kJ/kg.K) 3.45
T initial 25
T indoor 2
Total hours in a day 24
Operating Hour 20
Total Product load (J) 7617600
Product Load (kW) 88.17
Actual cooling load(kW) 96.98

3. Respiration heat : It is the heat generated by the product during the respiration and
given by formula:
Qr= m*R
Where
Qr= Amount of product (kg)
R= Rate of respiration heat per kg

Calculation of respiration load

Reepiration Heat 1.97E-
(for 4oc)/kg 05
Total product wt kg 2000000
Respiration Load 39.4
Actual Coling Load(kw) 43.34

6
4. Occupants Heat
It is the heat generated due to people inside the building. Hence heat load due to
human occupancy is given by-
Q0= n* f
Where
N= no. of people
F= factor (kW/person)

Occupants Load
No. of peple 5
factor (kW/person) 0.25
Total occupant load 1.25
Actual cooling load(kW) 1.875

5. Lighting Load
Heat given up by the source of light is lighting load. It is assumed that the light
gives 1 wattage of heat per square feet of floor area.

Total Wattage (W) 11160

Actual cooling load (kW) 11.16

6. Ventilation load
The heat gain due to the exchange of air inside the building is called ventilation
load. It is given by:
Qv= mf*(h0-hi)

mf= mass flow rate of air

h0 = outdoor enthalpy of air
hi= indoor enthalpy of air

Ventilation Load
Air change Per 24 hour
(Cubic feets)/volume 4
Volume of cold storage(cubic ft) 558000
CFM required 1550.0
CMS Required 0.75
Density of air(kg/m3) 1.225
Total flow rate of air (kg/s) 0.92
Ventilation load (KW) 88.99

7
 All the load are summed to get total cooling load for the cold storage which is found
to be 75.6 TR
Total Cooling Load kW 265.236
Total cooling Load in TR 75.6

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