Boston Grammar School

Knowledge Organsier
Year 8- Term 2
 “An investment in knowledge always pay the best interest.” Benjamin Franklin
Week 1 homework timetable:
Instructions for use Years 7 - 9 Week 1 Subject 1 Subject 2 Subject 3
Monday French RE Maths
Each night you should study the identified subject knowledge organizer trying to learn the
information to the extent that you can recall it. You can undertake different subjects on Tuesday Geography Chemistry German

different nights, if it suits you, but it is easier to stick to an agreed timetable. Wednesday English Biology History
Thursday Maths Computing Physics
You should spend about 30 minutes on each of the identified subjects.
Friday Music DT English
You should keep the evidence of this studying in your green book, the back of your exercise Weekend Art Catch up Catch up
book, your general notebook or your own personal notebook.

You must bring this evidence in to school on Week 2 to show your subject teacher but the knowledge organiser pack can stay at home as other copies will
be kept in school. Failure to undertake and show evidence of this homework will result in lunchtime and subsequently after school detentions.

RE is an exception and you will continue to receive normal homework from your teacher which will be posted on SMHW. MFL also prefer you to do 5
minutes every day rather than in one block. Mathematics will continue to issue "tradition" written homework each week to all students. On top of this it is
expected that students use their Knowledge Organiser and MathsWatch to produce their revision aid for each end of unit assessment. There are
approximately two assessments each half term and pupils can bring their revision aid into the assessment to help them.

How to study with knowledge organisers

During tutor sessions, you have been doing more study skills work through BGS Mindset or VESPA, identifying and practicing key techniques.

It is in these techniques that you should use to learn your subject information.

• Look, cover, write, check

• Low stakes quizzing with a friend or family member, or make flashcards for yourself
• Brain dump – write down everything you can remember, review and then go again
• Get creative: mindmaps, flowcharts, diagrams, etc.
• Write some challenging questions or even some multiple-choice questions and answer them the following day
• Create fill in the blank sentences and then complete them the following day
• Making recordings
• Mnemonics, acrostics, roman room method, memorable stories

Key Concepts About African Masks
One of the main characteristics of ancient
traditional cultures of African peoples is use
of masks in rituals and ceremonies.
It is believed that the earliest masks were
used in Africa before Palaeolithic era. (Stone
age)
Masks can represent spirits of animals or
ancestors, mythological heroes, moral values
or a form of honouring of a person in a
symbolic way.
The maker of the masks has a high rank in the
society or origin because it is believed that he
has a contact with a spirit world
Making masks is a craft passed down in the
family usually from father to son.
Masks are most often made from wood,
pottery, textiles, copper and bronze.
Details could be made from animal teeth,
hair, bones and horns as well as feathers,
seashells and even straw and egg shells.
Natural materials are most often used as
these are in plentiful supply and cost effective
in remote locations
KO – Y8– T2 Art: African Masks
African masks are most commonly Masks are used in various Key Words
shaped like a human face or a muzzle ceremonies as witnesses, dead Tribal
of some animal. ancestral protectors from which
approval is asked or as subjects to
Cultural
Spiritual
whom respects are paid.
Masks are highly stylized because Masks are almost always used in Ritual
African cultures distinguish between ritual and celebration in conjunction Tribal
outer look of something and its with music and dance. Heritage
essence. Personification
Masks can represent the spirit of an Events where masks may be worn Belief
animal and it is believed that one who include harvests, coming of age Superstition
bears the mask, becomes that animal ceremonies, weddings, funerals and
Simplified
himself which allows for important meetings.
communication with that animal. Elongated
Masks that represent ancestors are A mask is worn by a dancer that then Abstracted
most commonly shaped as a human becomes “bearer” of the spirit of the Decorative
skull. mask, they are believed to become a Geometric
medium between the tribe and a Symbolic
spirit. Naturalistic
Animals are frequent theme of African As masks became widely viewed in Medicine
art of mask making. museums across Europe in the 20th
African masks
century their influence on western
art became substantial.
Structure
In Western Europe in the 20th century Among the art movements heavily Layering
there was widespread influenced by masks were cubism Strengthened
misunderstanding of the mask making and expressionism. Varnished
societies as simplistic or Geometric
underdeveloped – this is wrong. Artists including Picasso, Brancusi,
(Primitivism) Modigliani and Emile Nolde were all
influenced by the appearance of
African masks.
There has been widespread We must be careful to remember
misunderstanding of the mask making that Africa is not one country but
societies as simplistic or many nations, many tribes and
underdeveloped – this is wrong. societies spanning many centuries.
 KO – Y8 – T2 Computing; Databases

An individual piece of data, such as a name, date of birth, or Electronic Facebook, Google
Field
telephone number that is stored in a record. Paper Argos catalogue, yellow pages
A set of fields that is about one thing or someone, for example a
Record
student’s school information.

Database A structured set of data organised to provide convenient access. Contains combinations of letters, symbols
String
and numbers
Table A set of fields and records
Date/Time Data will show date or time
We can use this to search a database. It will return all the relevant records
Query
which match the criteria. INT/Number Only whole numbers or decimals.

Access This is a program we use to create or amend databases. A number automatically chosen by the
Auto number
computer and increased by 1 as new records
Validation Acomputerised check so that only sensible data is accepted. are added.
Boolean Yes/No A tick box for a yes no answer.
SQL is a standard language for accessing and manipulating
SQL Data is formatted to include a £ or $ sign
databases. Currency
Extremely large data sets that may be analysed computationally to reveal
Big Data patterns, trends, and associations, especially relating to human behaviour
and interactions.
• And used to combine two Criteria
Which something may be judged or decided when used within o Chocolate AND dogs
Criteria
queries. • OR used to select one or the other Criteria
o Yes OR NO
A Boolean data type is a data type with only two possible values: true or • Not used to select one Criteria but not if it includes a
Boolean
false. specific part.
o Olympics NOT 2016
Query Wizard Tool used to create queries.
KO – YR8 – T2: DT
KO – YR8 – T2: DT
KO – YR8 – T2: DT
 KO – Y8– T2 History: 1500-1750 The English Reformation
Key players
The Monarchs are crucial to this and you can find a family tree on the reverse.
Learn the relationships and order of monarchs. Better if you know the dates.
Martin Luther – a German monk who started the Reformation.
Thomas Wolsey – Archbishop of Canterbury and advisor to Henry VIII during
the early years of HVII’s reign.
Thomas Moore – Lord Chancellor, friend and advisor to HVIII, executed during
The English Reformation.
Thomas Cromwell – Key advisor to HVII after the English Reformation when he
became Lord Chancellor.
Thomas Cranmer – Archbishop of Canterbury and key advisor to HVII after the
English Reformation.
Key dates
1517 – The Reformation begins with Martin Luther posting his 95 complaints
against the Catholic Church on a church door in Germany.
1521 – HVIII granted the title ‘Defender of the Faith’.
1527 – HVIII signals his intention to divorce Catherine of Aragon.
1529 – Wolsey fails to gets the Pope’s agreement to the divorce.
1532 – HVIII made Head of Church by HVIII
1533 – HVIII Catherine of Aragon divorced
1534 – Act of Supremacy – a law making HVIII head of the church in England
instead of the Pope. Opposing it was an act of treason punishable by death.
1536 – Dissolution of the monasteries. Opposed by many but limited complaints as
HVIII shares out the wealth with key people.
1536 – HVIII executes Anne Boleyn and marries Jane Seymour. HVIII continues to
oppose the bible in English a key principle of Protestantism.
1536 – Lincolnshire Rising and Pilgrimage of Grace rebellions against changes to
the church and Dissolution.
1547 – HVIII dies and Edward VI crowned. He is raised by the protestant Dukes of
Somerset and Northumberland who strengthen the English Reformation.
1548/9 – ‘Images’ removed from churches e.g. holy water, English prayer book
introduced and saint’s days stopped.
Key terminology
Reformation – The gradual change from Catholicism to Protestantism across
Europe (not everyone).
The English Reformation (Also called ‘The Break from Rome’) – The change from
Catholicism to ‘The Church of England’ in England.
Catholicism – Christian religion with the Pope as the head of the church—based in
Rome. Services and the Bible in Latin. Accused of being too rich.
Protestantism – Christian religion with many different versions e.g. Quaker, that do
not recognise the Pope as Head of the Church. Services and Bible in English.
The Church of England – A Church set up by Henry VIII with the monarch as leader
that later developed into Anglicanism.
Dissolution – breaking something up into parts in this case monasteries.
Monastery – A large religious building that houses monks/nuns that can support
local communities.
Heir (said ‘air’) – next in line to the throne.
Treason – the act of betraying your country of monarch.
Sedition – conduct or speech inciting people to rebel against the authority of a
state or monarch.
Tyrant – a cruel ruler who ignores or manipulates law for their own use.
Heretic – a person at odds with the recognised religion.
Pious – very religious
Propaganda – information, especially biased or misleading, used to promote a
point of view
Deeper contextual knowledge and understanding
Initial HVIII wrote a book attacking Martin Luther and protestants earning him the
title ‘Defender of the Faith’ from the Pope before it all turned sour.
Catherine of Aragon was the Aunty of the King of Spain who had the Pope under
house arrest at the time HVIII was asking for a divorce.
HVIII didn’t really create a true protestant church in England that came about
under his son Edward VI.
HVIII executed Catholics and Protestants during his reign – he even considered
executing Mary his daughter.
 KO – Y8– T2: English – War Poetry

Analysing Poetry: Useful Terminology

Context: World War I began in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and lasted until 1918. During the
conflict, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire (the Central Powers) fought against Great Britain, France,
Russia, Italy, Romania, Japan and the United States (the Allied Powers). Thanks to new military technologies and the horrors of
trench warfare, World War I saw unprecedented levels of carnage and destruction. By the time the war was over and the Allied
Powers claimed victory, more than 16 million people—soldiers and civilians alike—were dead
World War II involved many countries around the globe fighting against each other, including the UK. It lasted six years, from 1939-1945.
The War became a global conflict after the German military, led by Adolf Hitler, invaded Poland in 1939 because he wanted to take some
of their land for Germany. France and Britain declared war on Germany because they didn’t think what Germany was doing was right,
then Italy joined with Germany, and gradually other countries in Europe and around the world became involved with either the Allies or the
Axis powers.

Key terminology:

Simile: A simile compares one thing to another. Similes often use the words ‘like’ or ‘as’
Metaphor: Metaphors describe one thing as if it were another. Metaphors never use ‘like’ or ‘as’
Personification: attributing human qualities to that which is not human.
Imagery: If you’re not sure whether you’re writing about a metaphor or a simile then just call it ‘imagery’. It’s the general term for comparisons.
Symbolism: Making an object stand for an emotion or idea.
Allegory: A story where characters and settings can stand for something else.
Ambiguity: Words or events have more than one possible meaning. If you notice something that could be interpreted in two or three different ways then say so.
Anaphora: a rhetorical device whereby a sequence of words at the beginning of a sentence are repeated later on for effect. An example is: ‘O LORD, rebuke me not
in thine anger, neither chasten me in thy hot displeasure. Have mercy upon me, O LORD; for I am weak…’
Irony: The words say one thing, but the writer means something else. For example, if a footballer had played really badly during a game of football, you would have
been ironic if you had said, “He really excelled himself this time”.
Compare: What is the same when comparing different poems?
Contrast: What is different about the poems you are comparing?
Connotation: The suggestion or implication of further meaning, brought about by a word or phrase, or even quite a long statement. Connotations can be general
‘shared by many’, or personal (meanings that may come to you only, upon reading/hearing certain words).
Structure and Style:
A stanza is the proper word for verse
 KO – Y8– T2: English – War Poetry
A couplet is a two-line stanza
A triplet is a three-line stanza
A quatrain is a four-line stanza
A ballad is a type of poetry that has a regular rhythm and usually has four line verses. They usually tell an epic or a dramatic story, e.g. ‘The Rhyme of the Ancient
Mariner’. They often have a chorus.
An elegy is a type of poem, written for someone who has died. It is usually quite a slow, thoughtful poem.
Free verse poems have lines of irregular length and do not have to rhyme (though some do anyway).
Sonnets are usually fourteen lines long and have a regular rhyme scheme. Popular with Shakespeare and many other traditional writers.
Voice: This is the type of narrator.
First person narrators use ‘I’ and ‘me’. It can have these effects: implies conspiracy; often more engaging; access to secret thoughts on personal matters; implies
intimacy. A dramatic monologue is a poem written in the first person that deals with a specific situation and involves some sort of revelation from the speaker, e.g.
Browning ‘My Last Duchess’.
Third person narrators can be: all knowing; authoritative; detached. Third person narrators are best for telling stories.
Alliteration: When consonants are repeated.
Assonance: When vowel sounds are repeated.
Sibilance: When ‘s’ sounds are repeated.
Consonance: When the identical consonant sounds are repeated, e.g. slip-slop, creak-croak.
Synaesthesia: The mixing of sensations, e.g. ‘hearing a colour’, or, ‘seeing a smell’.
Oxymoron: Contradictory words and meanings are combined for a special effect, e.g.: “O loving hate!” (Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare).
Juxtaposition: The placement of two ideas next to each other
Paradox: A paradox is a contradiction, e.g. "I can resist anything except temptation"
Empathy: identification of ourselves with an animate or inanimate object, an ‘understanding’.
Emotive Language: Language intended to express or arouse emotional reactions towards the subject.
Onomatopoeia: When a word sounds like what it means, e.g. crash, hush, bang.
Caesura: When there is a pause mid-line (often with commas).
Enjambment: When a sentence runs from one line of poetry into the next one (to emphasise meaning).
Rhythm: How many beats each line has (like music) – can be regular (e.g. iambic pentameter) or irregular.
Syntax: The order the words are written in.
Pace: How quick/slow/chunky/graceful the words actually sound.
Tone: What feeling the words are spoken with, e.g. anger, sadness, happiness, fear etc.
Pathetic Fallacy: When the weather or context of characters or events reflects the mood/ feelings/emotions of the characters/personas.
Rhyme: When two or more words in close proximity sound the same. Used to emphasise words and contributes to pace/rhythm of poem.
Punctuation: Used to aid understanding of meaning of the poem. Contributes to structure/pace/rhythm.
Repetition: Words/symbols/elements associated with structure are repeated for effect.
Refrain: a repeated part of a poem, particularly when it comes either at the end of a stanza or between two stanzas.
KO – YR8 – T2: Geography- Crime
 KO – Y8– T2 History: Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I
Key players
The Monarchs are crucial to this (see previous KO)
William Cecil – Elizabeth’s chief minister and advisor.
Robert Dudley – Elizabeth’s long time suitor.
Francis Walsingham – Elizabeth’s spy master.
Francis Drake – A famous noble who led explorations and fought against Spain.
William Shakespeare – A playwright and instrumental in setting up theatres.
Walter Raleigh – An explorer and coloniser.
Bess of Hardwick – A wealthy and influential aristocrat.
Henry Darnley – 2nd husband of Mary Queen of Scots.
Duke of Medina-Sidonia – Leader of the Spanish Armada.
Lord Howard of Effingham – Leader of the English forces during war with Spain.
Key dates
1547 – HVIII dies and Edward VI crowned. He is raised by the protestant Dukes of
Somerset and Northumberland who strengthen the English Reformation.
1548/9 – ‘Images’ removed from churches e.g. holy water, English prayer book
introduced and saint’s days stopped.
1553 – Edward VI dies and Lady Jane Grey becomes Queen for just 9 days before
Mary I takes the throne by force. LJG is later executed for treason still a teenager.
1554 – Mary I marries Phillip I of Spain, puts down the protestant ‘Wyatt Rebellion’
and begins to persecute protestants, leading to the nickname ‘Bloody Mary’.
1555 – Mary bequeaths land, taken from protestants, to set up BGS!
1558 – Mary I dies and her half-sister Elizabeth I becomes Queen.
1562 – Elizabeth I catches smallpox and nearly dies.
1568 – Elizabeth imprisons her cousin, Mary Queen of Scots.
1570 – The Pope excommunicates Elizabeth and encourages her murder.
1585 – Elizabeth aligns with the Netherlands beginning the war with Spain.
1587 – Mary QoS is executed on Elizabeth’s orders for her involvement in the
Babington Plot (1586) which follows a number of other plots and rebellions.
1588 – The Spanish Armada is defeated (there are a number of other attempts of
invasion by Spain that all fail. Battle of Gravelines.
1599 – The Globe theatre is opened.
1601 – The Essex Rebellion is put down. Elizabeth introduces a Poor Law.
1603 – Elizabeth dies childless and the throne passes to King James VI of Scotland
(Mary’s son), the Stuart House, who becomes James I of England and Scotland.
Key terminology
Rebellion – an act of armed resistance against the current ruler.
Bequeath – pass or leave something to someone.
Smallpox – a very contagious disease that can result in nasty scarring or death.
Armada – a fleet of warships.
Suitor – a man who pursues a woman for marriage.
Colony – an area of land under the control of another and occupied by settlers
from that country.
Vagabond – a person who wanders from place to place without a home or job.
Parish – a small administrative district often having its own church.
Enclosure – a process that fences off land from others, often land that was
previous available for others use.
Deeper contextual knowledge and understanding
Mary began the encouragement of exploration and colonisation, probably as a
result of her marriage to Phillip but the process really took off during Elizabeth’s
reign and she took most of the credit.
Elizabeth had been through a lot before she became queen e.g. Her father
executed her mother. These early life events affected her approach to many things
including marriage – she never married.
Elizabeth tried to find a middle ground with religion as was initially more tolerant
of Catholicism until tensions with Spain and Catholic plots grew.
Population growth and economic issues led to a rise in the numbers of poor
people. Elizabeth’s Government took this issue seriously and introduced taxes to
help them as her father had got rid of monasteries that used to!
Parliament became a lot more influential during the Tudor reign, this would cause
problems for Stuarts later on.
 KO – Y8– T2 History: Early Stuarts and the English Civil War
Key players
Duke of Buckingham, George Villiers – One of Charles I’s favourites later murdered.
Earl of Strafford – One of Charles I’s favourites that Parliament insisted should be
and was executed.
William Laud – Archbishop of Canterbury and advisor to Charles.
Thomas Fairfox – Leader of the Parliament’s forces during the war.
Charles I – Monarch at the time of the English Civil War
Oliver Cromwell – Colonel in Parliament’s army that later rose to become ruler.
Key dates
1603 James VI of Scotland becomes James I King of England.
1605 – Gunpowder Plot as Catholics try to blow up Parliament
1625 – Charles becomes King and marries a catholic princess against Parliament’s
wishes.
1628 – Charles becomes dissolves Parliament and rules for 11 years without them.
1636 – Charles introduces the English Prayer book into Scotland. It creates riots.
Marston Moor
1640 (Apr) – Charles calls a parliament to get money to fight a war. They refuse
and he dissolves it. It is called the Short Parliament.
1640 (Aug) – Scotland invade England and Charles
1640 (Nov) – Charles calls parliament again and has to make concessions to
Parliament – Strafford is executed and Laud imprisoned.
1641 (Sep) – Ireland rebel but Parliament won’t give the King an army in case he
uses it against them.
1641 (Nov) – Parliament demand concessions called the Grand Remonstrance.
1642 (Jan) – Charles takes troops into Parliament and tries to arrest 5 MPs.
1642 (Jun) – Parliament offer a peace deal called the 19 propositions and whilst
Charles accepts it he is very unhappy.
1642 (Aug) – Charles leaves London for Nottingham and raises his standard calling
his supporters to his side. Parliament follows suit and war begins.
Edgehill
Naseby
1642 – Start of the English Civil War.
1642 (Oct) – Battle of Edgehill ends in a draw.
1644 (Jul) – Battle of Marston Moor a key victory for Parliament.
1645 (Jun) – Battle of Naseby the final defeat for Charles.
1646 – Charles hands himself in to the Scots who promptly pass him to Parliament.
1647 – Charles escapes and restarts the war but quickly loses again.
1649 (Jan) – Charles is put on trial and executed.
1649 to 1652 – The country is ruled by The Rump Parliament
1653 – Cromwell replaces The Rump Parliament with the Barebones Parliament
then dismisses them. Cromwell made Lord Protector.
1654 to 1658 – Cromwell rules the country under strict puritan rules.
1658 – Cromwell dies; his son takes over but quickly gives it up.
Key terminology
Civil War – a war between sides from the same country.
Roundheads – a nickname given to people that supported the Parliament (also
called Parliamentarians).
Cavaliers – a nickname given to people that supported the King (also called
Royalists).
Parliament – the assembly of people who pass laws to help run the country.
New Model Army – Parliament’s redesigned army that helped win the war.
Propaganda – information, especially biased or misleading, used to promote a
point of view
Puritans – A group of devout protestants.
Levellers and Diggers – groups that wanted a more equal society.
The Commonwealth/Inter regnum/The Republic – all names given to the period
1649 to 1660.
Lord Protector – Title given to Oliver Cromwell as ruler.
Divine Right of Kings – The belief that God chose the Ruler so their power came
from God.
Deeper contextual knowledge and understanding
Many counties created their own armies to keep both the King’s and Parliament’s
armies out.
Cromwell promoted people based on talent rather than social standing in the NMA
 Chapter 3: Statistics, graphs and charts
Topic/Skill Definition/Tips Example
1. Frequency A record of how often each value in a set
Table of data occurs.

2. Mean Add up the values and divide by how many The mean of 3, 4, 7, 6, 0, 4, 6 is
values there are. 3+4+7+6+0+4+6
=5
7

3. Mean from a 1. Find the midpoints (if necessary)

Table 2. Multiply Frequency by values or
midpoints
3. Add up these values
4. Divide this total by the Total Frequency

If grouped data is used, the answer will be

an estimate.

4. Median The middle value. Find the median of: 4, 5, 2, 3, 6, 7, 6

Value
Put the data in order and find the middle Ordered: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7
one.
If there are two middle values, find the Median = 5
number half way between them by adding
them together and dividing by 2.

5. Median (𝒏+𝟏) If the total frequency is 15, the median

Use the formula to find the position of
from a Table 𝟐 15+1
the median. will be the ( 2 ) = 8𝑡ℎ position

𝑛 is the total frequency.

6. Mode Most frequent/common. Find the mode: 4, 5, 2, 3, 6, 4, 7, 8, 4
/Modal Value
Can have more than one mode (called bi- Mode = 4
modal or multi-modal) or no mode (if all
values appear once)
7. Range Highest value subtract the Smallest value Find the range: 3, 31, 26, 102, 37, 97.

Range is a ‘measure of spread’. The smaller Range = 102-3 = 99

the range the more consistent the data.
8. Pie Chart Used for showing how data breaks down
into its constituent parts.

When drawing a pie chart, divide 360° by

the total frequency. This will tell you how
many degrees to use for the frequency of
each category.
If there are 40 people in a survey, then
Remember to label the category that each each person will be worth 360÷40=9°
sector in the pie chart represents. of the pie chart.
9. Stem and A statistical diagram that must have a key.
leaf Can be used to see the mode, median and
range quickly.

10. Two Way A table that organises data around two

Tables categories.

Fill out the information step by step using

the information given.

Make sure all the totals add up for all

columns and rows.

11. Correlation Correlation between two sets of data means There is correlation between
they are connected in some way. temperature and the number of ice
creams sold.
12. Positive As one value increases the other value
Correlation increases.

13. Negative As one value increases the other value

Correlation decreases.

14. No There is no linear relationship between

Correlation the two.
15. Strong When two sets of data are closely linked.
Correlation

16. Weak When two sets of data have correlation, but

Correlation are not closely linked.

17. Scatter A graph in which values of two variables

Graph are plotted along two axes to compare
them and see if there is any connection
between them.

18. Line of A straight line that best represents the

Best Fit data on a scatter graph.

19. Outlier A value that ‘lies outside’ most of the other

values in a set of data.
An outlier is much smaller or much
larger than the other values in a set of data.
 Chapter 4 – Expressions and Equations
Topic/Skill Definition/Tips Example
1. Formula Shows the relationship between two or Area of a rectangle = length x width or
more variables A= LxW

2. Simplifying Collect ‘like terms’. 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 3

Expressions = 6𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3
Be careful with negatives. 3𝑥 + 4 − 𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 1 = 5𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 3
2

𝑥 2 and 𝑥 are not like terms.

3. 𝑥 times 𝑥 The answer is 𝑥 2 not 2𝑥. Squaring is multiplying by itself, not by
2.

4. 𝑝 × 𝑝 × 𝑝 The answer is 𝑝3 not 3𝑝 If p=2, then 𝑝3 =2x2x2=8, not 2x3=6

5. 𝑝 + 𝑝 + 𝑝 The answer is 3p not 𝑝3 If p=2, then 2+2+2=6, not 23 = 8

6. Expand To expand a bracket, multiply each term in 3(𝑚 + 7) = 3𝑥 + 21

the bracket by the expression outside the
bracket.
7. Factorise The reverse of expanding. 6𝑥 − 15 = 3(2𝑥 − 5), where 3 is the
Factorising is writing an expression as a common factor.
product of terms by ‘taking out’ a
common factor.
8. Solve To find the answer/value of something Solve 2𝑥 − 3 = 7

Use inverse operations on both sides of Add 3 on both sides

the equation (balancing method) until you 2𝑥 = 10
find the value for the letter. Divide by 2 on both sides
𝑥=5
KO – YR 8 – T2: Music: Music for Film
KO – Y8– T2 Science
KO – Y8– T2 Science
KO – Y8– T2 Science