4.

2 ARUHAN ELEKTROMAGNET
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

A. Definisi
Arus Aruhan terhasil apabila terdapatnya pemotongan medan magnet oleh konduktor.
Induced current produced when a conductor cut a magnetic flux

B. Arah Arus Aruhan

Direction of Induced Current.

Konduktor Solenoid
Conductor Solenoid
Hukum Lenz
Lenz’s Law
Arus Aruhan yang terhasil sentiasa menentang
perubahan medan magnet yang menghasilkannya
The direction of induced current is such that the
change producing it will be opposed

Arah Arus Aruhan ditentukan dgn menggunakan Arah Arus Aruhan ditentukan dgn menggunakan

Peraturan Tangan Kanan Fleming Peraturan Genggaman Tangan Kanan (Solenoid)

Fleming Right Hand Rule Right Hand Grip Rule (Solenoid)

C. Hukum Faraday (Faraday’s Law)

Arus Aruhan bertambah dengan
Induced Current increase by
1. Tambah halaju gerakan
(increase speed of relative motion)
2. Tambah bilangan lilitan solenoid
(increase the number of turns in the solenoid)
3. Tambah kekuatan medan magnet
(using stronger bar magnet)

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D. Applikasi Arus Aruhan
Application of Induced Current

Generator Arus Ulangalik (ac) Generator Arus Terus (ac)

Alternating Current (ac) Generator Direct Current (ac) Generator

Latihan

1. Diagram 2 shows a bar magnet is being pushed towards a solenoid.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebatang magnet bar ditolak masuk ke satu solenoid.

Diagram 2
Rajah 2

(a) State the magnetic pole at P when the magnet is moved towards the solenoid.
Nyatakan kutub magnet pada P apabila magnet itu digerakkan mendekati solenoid .

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(b) In Diagram 2, when the magnet is pushed towards the solenoid;
Pada Rajah 2, apabila magnet ditolak masuk ke dalam solenoid itu;

(i) mark the direction of induced current on the solenoid

tandakan arah arus aruhan pada solenoid
[1 mark]
(ii) show the direction of pointer on the zero centered galvanometer.
tunjukkan arah jarum penunjuk pada galvanometer sifar di tengah.
[1 mark]

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 (c ) Name the physics law involved in determining the poles in (a) above
Namakan hukum fizik yang terlibat dalam menentukan kutub pada (a) di atas.

……………………………………………………………………….……………………………….
[1mark]
(d ) State one method to increase the induced current in the solenoid.
Nyatakan satu kaedah untuk meningkatkan arus aruhan pada solenoid

………………………………………………………………………………………………..............
[1 mark]

2. Diagram 6.1 shows a bar magnet is moved into a solenoid.

Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan satu magnet batang digerakkan ke dalam gegelung

Diagram 6.2 shows two bar magnets are moved into a solenoid. Galvanometer shows the
reading of the induced current.
Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan dua magnet batang digerakkan ke dalam gegelung.Galvanometer
menunjukkan bacaan bagi arus aruhan.

(a) What is meant by induced current?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan arus aruhan?

….……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(b) Using Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2, compare
Menggunakan Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2, bandingkan

(i) the number of turns of the wire of the solenoid

bilangan lilitan wayar pada solenoid

…….. .…………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
(ii) the strength of the magnetic field
kekuatan medan magnet

..………………………………………………..…………………………………………..
[1 mark]

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 (iii) the magnitude of the induced current
nilai arus aruhan

..……………………………………………………………..……………………………..
[1 mark]

(c) (i) Based on the answer in 6(b), state the relationship between the strength of
Magnetic field and induced current.
Berdasarkan jawapan di 6(b), nyatakan hubungan antara kekuatan medan magnet
dengan arus aruhan.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) Name the physics law involved in 6(c)(i)
Namakan hukum fizik yang terlibat di 6(c)(i)

……………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

(d) Diagram 6.3 shows a bar magnet is moved towards a solenoid.

Rajah 6.3 menunjukkan satu magnet batang digerakkan ke arah satu gegelung.

Explain why the solenoid moves away from the bar magnet?
Terangkan mengapa gegelung bergerak menjauhi magnet batang ?

…..…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

..……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]

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3. Diagram 4 shows a bar magnet is hung on a spring that attached to a retort stand. The bar magnet is
displaced downwards and released so it can oscillate through a solenoid which is connected to a centre-zero
galvanometer.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan satu magnet bar digantung pada satu spring yang dilekatkan pada kaki retot. Bar
magnet itu disesarkan ke bawah dan dilepaskan supaya ia boleh berayun melalui satu solenoid yang
disambungkan kepada sebuah galvanometer pusat-sifar

Diagram 4 Rajah 4

(a). What is meant by electromagnetic induction?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan aruhan elektromagnet?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

(b). When the bar magnet move towards the solenoid, the galvanometer pointer deflect for a while.
Bila magnet bar bergerak mendekati solenoid, jarum galvanometer terpesong seketika.

(i). Explain why the galvanometer pointer deflects?

Terangkan mengapa jarum galvanometer terpesong?

……………………………………………………………................

…………………………………………………………………........
[2 marks]
(ii). State the polarity of end A and end B of the solenoid.
Nyatakan kutub pada hujung A dan hujung B pada solenoid itu.

A : ………………………………......................... ………………..

B : ……………………………........................................................
[2 marks]
(c). If the spring is replaced by a stiffer spring,
Jika spring itu diganti dengan spring yang lebih keras,
(i). state the change to the angle of deflection of the galvanometer pointer?
nyatakan perubahan pada sudut pesongan jarum galvanometer itu?

…………………………………………………………………........
[1 mark]
(ii). Give the reason for your answer.
Berikan sebab bagi jawapan anda.

……………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

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4. Diagram 7 shows a fixed coil is placed in between an iron rod and a bar magnet.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan satu gegelung yang tetap diletakkan di antara sebatang rod besi dan sebuah magnet
bar.

When the switch is closed, both of the iron rod and the bar magnet are attracted towards the coil.
Apabila suis dihidupkan, kedua-dua rod besi dan magnet bar tertarik kepada gegelung.

(a) State the polarity at X.

Nyatakan kutub di X.

.............................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Suggest two modifications that can be done in Diagram 7 in order to increase the force of
attraction between the coil and the iron rod.
Cadangkan dua pengubahsuaian yang boleh dilakukan dalam Rajah 7 bagi menambahkan daya
tarikan antara gegelung dan rod besi.

.............................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................
.
[2 marks]

(c) (i) What will happen to the iron rod and the bar magnet when the connections to the
Terminals of the battery are reversed?
Apakah akan berlaku kepada rod besi dan magnet bar jika sambungan kepada terminal
bateri diterbalikkan.

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(ii) Explain your answer in 7(c)(i).
Terangkan jawapan anda di 7(c)(i).

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

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(d) The battery is then replaced by a low alternating current power supply. The switch is then closed.
Bateri kemudian ditukar dengan bekalan arus ulang-alik yang berkuasa rendah. Suis dihidupkan.

(i) Describe the motion of the iron rod.

Jelaskan pergerakan rod besi.

………………………………………………………………………...................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Describe the motion of the bar magnet.
Jelaskan pergerakan magnet bar.

………………………………………………………………………...................................
[1 mark]
(e) Using your answers in 7(c) and 7(d), state one application of electromagnetic induction in
everyday life
Dengan menggunakan jawapan anda dalam 7(c) dan 7(d), nyatakan satu aplikasi aruhan
electromagnet dalam kehidupan seharian
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

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 Bahagian B
(20 markah)

5. Diagram 10.1 shows one insulated conductor which is moved downwards in a magnetic field. Diagram 10.2
shows three insulated conductors which are moved downwards in the magnetic field.
Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan satu konduktor bertebat digerakkan ke bawah dalam medan magnet. Rajah 10.2
menunjukkan tiga konduktor bertebat digerakkan ke bawah dalam medan magnet.

(a) What is meant by electromagnetic induction?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan aruhan elektromagnet?
[1 mark]

(b) Using Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2, compare,

Menggunakan Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2, bandingkan,

(i) The number of conductor wires

Bilangan wayar konduktor
[1 mark]
(ii) The deflection of the galvanometer pointer
Pesongan penunjuk galvanometer
[1 mark]

(iii) Relate the number of conductor and the rate of cutting of magnetic flux.
Hubungkaitkan bilangan konduktor dan kadar pemotongan fluks medan magnet.
[1 mark]

(iv) Relate the rate of cutting of magnetic flux and the induced current.
Hubungkaitkan kadar pemotongan fluks medan magnet dengan arus aruhan.
[1 mark]

(v) Name the physics law involved.

Namakan hukum fizik yang terlibat.
[1 mark]

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(c). Diagram 10.3 shows a wire is connected to a galvanometer which placed between two magnets of
opposite poles.
Rajah 10.3 menunjukkan satu wayar yang disambungkan kepada satu galvanometer yang terletak
antara dua magnet yang berlawanan kutub.

Explain how the galvanometer shows reading when the wire is moved downwards. State the rule used
to determine the direction of the deflection of galvanometer pointer.
Terangkan bagaimana galvanometer menunjukkan bacaan apabila wayar digerakkan ke bawah.
Nyatakan peraturan digunakan untuk menentukan arah pesongan penunjuk galvanometer.
[4 marks]

(d) Diagram 10.4 shows an ac generator.

Rajah 10.4 menunjukkan sebuah penjana a.u.

Diagram 10.4 Rajah 10.4

Suggest modifications that can be made to increase the output current to the generator in Diagram
10.4. State and explain the modifications based on the following aspects:
Cadangkan pengubahsuaian yang boleh dilakukan pada penjana dalam Rajah 10.4.
Nyatakan dan beri penerangan tentang pengubahsuaian itu berdasarkan aspekaspek berikut:
(i). Strength of the magnet
Kekuatan magnet
(ii) Shape of the magnet
Bentuk magnet
(iii) Number of turns of the coil
Bilangan lilitan gegelung
(iv) Diameter of the wire of the coil
Diameter dawai pada gelung
(v) The speed of rotation
Laju putaran gelung
[10 marks]

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 Kertas 3
(Bahagian B)

1. The diagram shows a boy rides his bicycle at night. The brightness of the bicycle light increases ,when his
bicycle down a slope
Rajah menunjukkan seorang budak lelaki menunggang basikal pada waktu malam. Kecerahan bertambah
cahaya basikal, apabila basikal ke bawah cerun

Based on the observations:

Berdasarkan pemerhatian:

(a) State one suitable inference that can be made.

Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai yang boleh dibuat.
[1 mark]

(b) State one appropriate hypothesis for an investigation.

Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai untuk suatu penyiasatan.
[1 mark]

(c). With the use of apparatus such connection wires, bar magnet , solenoid and other apparatus, describe
an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in (b).
Dengan menggunakan radas sepert wayar penyambung, magnet bar, solenoid dan radas lain,
terangkan satu rangka kerja eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di (b).

(i) Aim of the experiment

Tujuan eksperimen.
(ii) Variables in the experiment
Pembolehubah dalam eksperimen
(iii) List of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus
(iv) The procedure of the experiment which include the method of controlling the manipulated
variable and the method of measuring the responding variable.
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk kaedah mengawal pembolehubah dimanipulasikan dan kaedah
mengukur pembolehubah bergerak balas
(v) Way you would tabulate the data
Cara anda menjadualkan data
(vi) Way you would analysis the data.
Cara anda menganalisisdata.
[10 marks]

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No. Exp: Topics:
(a). Inferen
Inference
(b). Hipotisis
Hypothesis
(c). i. Tujuan
Aim
ii. Pembolehubah
Variables Manipulasi (Manipulate ):……………………………………………………………………….

Bergerak Balas (Responding) :……………………………………………………………

Dimalarkan (Constant) :………………………………………………………………

iii. Alat Radas
Apparatus

iv. Susunan Radas

Arrangement Apparatus

v. Prosedur
Procedures
i…………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
ii……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
iii……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
vi. Penjadualan Data
Tabulate The Data

vii. Analisis Data

Analisys The Data

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