Rachel Hudson 11 Alacoque

Lab #15 Date:

Topic: Volumetric Analysis

Aim: To determine the concentration of hydrochloric acid by titration

Apparatus/Materials: Conical flasks white tile dropping pipette

Burette pipette funnel
Phenolphthalein white paper clamp
HCl (aq) NaOH (aq)

Procedure:

1. Set up the burette on the clamp stand.

2. Rinse the burette with acid, then fill it to the zero mark.
3. Use the pipette to measure 25 cm3 of the alkali and pour into a conical flask.
4. Add 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein to the flask and swirl gently.
5. Titrate the acid against the base until the colour of the indicator just changes.
6. Record the volume of acid used.
7. Repeat the steps above as many times as possible until volumes are consistent.
8. Use the values obtained to calculate the molar concentration of the acid.

Observation:

Table showing the final volume, initial volume and the volume of acid used in each trial of the
titration

Trials Rough 1 2 3
Final volume (cm3) 16.5 16.8 17 17
Initial volume (cm3) 0 0 0 0
Volume of acid used (cm3) 16.5 16.8 17 17

Average titre of HCl used: (16.8+17+17)/3 50.8/3= 16.9 cm 3

Calculations:

i) Calculate the number of moles of NaOH (aq) used in the titration

Molar concentration: 2 mol/dm3

1 dm3 = 1,000 cm3

1,000 cm3 has 2 mol

25 cm3 has ?

x= (25x2)/1,000
= 0.05 mol

ii) Write a balanced equation for the reaction which occurred.

NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq)  NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

iii) From the equation 1 mole of NaOH reacts with 1 mole of HCl

iv) From the titration 0.05 moles of NaOH reacts with 0.05 moles of HCl.

v) Calculate the number of moles of HCl in 1 dm3 (molar concentration)

0.05 moles of HCl was used in 16.9 cm3

How many were used in 1,000 cm3 (1 dm3)

x = (0.05 x 1,000)/16.9 x = 50/9 = 2.959 mol

~The molar concentration is 2.959 mol/dm3.

vi) Calculate the mass concentration of HCl

HCl molar mass  H: 1 Cl: 35.5 1 + 35.5 = 36.5 g

1 mol HCl is 36.5 g

2.959 mol is ?

x = (36.5 x 2.959) = 108.0035 g

108 g to the nearest whole number

~The mass concentration is 108 g/dm3.

Reflection:

In this experiment, we were able to use titration to calculate the concentration of an acid.
Titrations are useful, as they can be applied in a variety of practical ways. In the food industry, it
can be used to investigate the concentration of vitamin C or E, which has an effect on the
product’s colour. In medicine, it is used to monitor blood glucose levels. Titrations are therefore
very important, as they are utilized in these ways, as well as in many others in various
industries.

Conclusion:

By titration, we determined the molar concentration of the hydrochloric acid to be 2.959

mol/dm3, and the mass concentration to be 108 g/dm3.