A Planar Elliptical Shaped UWB Antenna with Triple

Band Notch Characteristics using Hybrid Fractal Slots

Abhik Gorai1,Chiranjib Goswami2, Manimala Pal3 and Rowdra Ghatak4
1
School of Electronics Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, INDIA
2
Dept. of AEIE, Asansol Engineering College, West Bengal, NDIA
3
ECE Dept., NSHM Knowledge Campus, Durgapur-Group of Institutions, Durgapur, West Bengal, INDIA
4
ECE Dept., Microwave and Antenna Research Laboratory, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, West Bengal, INDIA

Abstract— A planar CPW-fed ultra wideband (UWB) monopole The total length of the hybrid fractal slot is deducted from (1)
antenna with triple band notch characteristics is presented in this and (2).
paper. A combination of Moore curve and Euclidean curve to
c
create a hybrid fractal slot that is etched out from the radiator 15 × a = (1)
results in creating band notches centered at 5.5GHz and 8.1GHz. 2 f1 ε eff
The band notch centered at 6.8GHz is obtained by Moore fractal
slots etched from the ground planes. The impedance bandwidth c
of the proposed antenna covers frequency range from 2.8GHz to l1 + l 2 + 8a = (2)
12 GHz. The simulated peak gain is 4 dBi. The group delay 2 f 2 ε eff
profile is almost linear within the passband. Stable radiation
patterns are observed within the operating range. Where f1 and f2 in (1) and (2) are frequencies 5.5GHz and
8.1GHz respectively. Notched band at 6.8 GHz is created
Keywords- UWB Antenna, Hybrid Fractal Slot, Sierpinski boundary using Moore fractal slots in the ground planes as shown in Fig.
curve, Moore Curve Fractal. 1(c). The total length of the Moore fractal slots is derived from
(2).
I. INTRODUCTION
c
Recently wireless communication system research and 15 × b = (3)
development in ultra wideband has increased. To efficiently 2 f 3 ε eff
use scarce frequency spectra, Federal Communication
Commission (FCC) has allocated 7500 MHz of spectrum for
unlicensed use of UWB devices in 2.8 to 12GHz frequency
band [1]. Various designs of UWB antenna have been studied
which meet the frequency range specified for UWB
communication [2-4]. However it is also necessary to avoid
potential interference with various narrowband communication
within UWB . Bandpass filters connected to UWB antenna can
be used to avoid interference with narrowband communication
systems which are within UWB frequency range. However
this approach increases the circuit dimension. Hence to
simplify the design and meet the band pass characteristics,
slots can be cut in the patch and ground plane [5-7].
In this paper an elliptical shaped monopole Antenna with
Triple band notch characteristics is proposed. A hybrid type
(a)
fractal slot in the radiator derived from a combination of
Moore and Euclidean geometry contributes to two notch bands
at 5.5GHz and 8.1GHz for WLAN and satellite
communication rejection respectively. Moore fractal slots in
the ground planes produce notch band centered at 6.8GHz for
RFID rejection.
In section ΙΙ detailed design of the proposed antenna is
presented. Section ΙΙΙ describes the results and discussion of
the simulated results. Finally section ΙV presents the
conclusion.
II. ANTENNA DESIGN (b) (c)
The geometry of the proposed antenna is shown in Fig. 1. The
proposed antenna is realized on Taconic substrate having Fig. 1(a) Geometry of the proposed antenna (b) Geometry Hybrid
Fractal Slot. (c) Geometry of Moore Fractal Slot
permittivity 2.2, thickness, h=0.787mm .The radiator patch
consist of an elliptical section[2] fed by a 50Ohm CPW line.
The radius of the major axis Rx=13.5mm whereas the minor
axis has a radial length Ry=9mm hybrid type fractal as shown f3 in (3) stands for 6.8GHz. The dimensions of the slots are
in Fig. 1(b) is etched from the radiator to create notches at then optimizes using CST Microwave studio [9]. The
5.5GHz and 8.1 GHz. The hybrid type fractal is derived from a Optimized Antenna parameters are listed in table 1.
combination of Moore curve fractal [8] and Euclidean
boundary curve, the formation of which is explained Fig. 2.

978-1-4799-3267-2/13/$31.00 © 2013 IEEE

 Euclidean curve Moore curve = Hybrid fractal curve
Fig. 2 Formation of hybrid fractal curve

TABLE 1PARAMETERS OF ANTENNA AND THEIR DIMENSIONS

Antenna Parameters Value(mm) (a) (b)

Lsub 41
Wsub 45
Lg 20.75
Wg 21.3
Wo 1.5
Gp 0.75
a 1.6
b 1.3
(c)
l1 0.5
l2 0.82 Fig. 6. E and H-Plane patterns of the proposed antenna at (a) 5.5GHz
(b) 7.5GHz (c) 10GHz.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS IV. CONCLUSION

The VSWR of the antenna is plotted in Fig.3 and is found
that VSWR<2 throughout the operating band except at the
notched bands. The hybrid slot resonates at frequencies 5.5
GHz and 8.1 GHz which is clear from the current distribution
depicted in Fig. 4(a) and Fig. 4(b) respectively. The Moore
fractal slots resonates at 6.8 GHz which is shown in Fig. 4(c).
The gain of the proposed antenna varies from -2dBi to 4dBi as
depicted in Fig. 5. Moreover the radiation pattern is found to
be omnidirectional in nature as depicted in Fig. 6.
An elliptical shaped CPW-fed planar monopole antenna with
triple band notch characteristics is proposed in this paper. The
antenna exhibits a bandwidth of 2.8GHz to 12 Ghz. The
hybrid fractal slot which is a combination of Moore and
Euclidean boundary curve is responsible for band rejection at
5.5GHz and 8.1GHz. Moore fractal slots in the ground planes
reject the frequency band centered at 6.8GHz. The radiation
patterns are observed to be omnidirectional. Peak gain of the
antenna is found to be 4dBi. Moreover the antenna exhibits a
stable radiation pattern throughout its operating band. The
group delay profile remains within 1ns in the UWB region.

REFERENCES
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Fig. 3. Simulated VSWR of the proposed antenna [3] Reza Zaker,Abdolai Abdipour “A Very Compact Ultra Wideband
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[8] Kenneth Falconer, Fractal Geometry:Mathematical Foundations
and Applications, Second Edition, New York,2003.
[9] User’ Manual, CST Microwave Studio, 2010.

Fig. 5. Simulated gain of the antenna