Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION: Statement of The Problem

Understanding Proper Waste Disposal: An Explanatory Sequential Design
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION
Statement of the Problem
Proper waste disposal has been already implemented for a long time yet there is still lack in
practicing the activity. Lots of people are still unaware of what should be done with their garbage. In
public places, there is still tons of trash, plastics, and lack of trash cans along the road. This is why lack
of awareness of proper waste disposal has been going on for a long time, and there is neither
improvement nor development majority of the cities in the Philippines struggles in successfully
implementing proper waste disposal. Unlike in Marikina City where proper waste disposal and waste
segregation was successfully implemented, lots of cities failed to comply on the implementation of
Proper waste disposal. Garbage disposal is undoubtedly the main problem of every municipality in
Metro Manila. This has been so for some time now. The best proof is that the very first law that
President Gloria Macapagal & #150; Arroyo signed as president was the Solid Waste Management Act
that was enacted to address the alarming garbage problem in the metropolis. Since its enactment,
nothing has improved.
Improper disposing of waste does not only negatively affect human health, but also the
environment. The environment faces lots of problems these include soil pollution, water pollution, and
air pollution. These problems are caused by improper waste disposal. Improper waste disposal can
also worsen the effects of natural disasters that happen in the country. As we can observe, with just a
short period of rain, there is always a problem with the drainage which later on results to a flood. This is
all because of improper disposal of waste which hinders the water to flow to the drainage.
Human health can also be at risk when waste disposal does not improve any better. According
to a public health physician, improperly disposed of waste has both indirect and direct effects to health.
The direct effect that is caused by improper waste disposal arises from excessive bleeding of vermin
and agents of disease such as rats, flies, and mosquitoes. Waste that was thrown in water bodies
negatively changes the chemical composition of the water. In short, this is called water pollution. This
would have an effect to all ecosystems existing in the water. These hazardous chemical can harm
Buenaagua, Francisco, Fulgencio, Guillermo, Trapila, Tugano Page 1

plants when they take up the contaminated water through their roots once the water gets into the soil. If
humans eat this plant that has been in contact with polluted soil there can be a negative effect on their
health.
These just show that lack of practices in proper waste disposal can give bad impact to the
environment and to the human health and can cause respiratory problems and other health effects as
the contaminants gets from the lungs into the other parts of the body which later on can cause conflict
on every organs in the body. Proper waste disposal is the vital part of sanitation. By doing the said
parts, cleanliness which is the main goal of sanitation would soon follow. Well developed countries have
one thing in common; they value cleanliness as an important asset in progress. Implying that sanitation
has a direct impact on the well-being of a community. Understanding proper waste disposal can be a
big help in making the public to comply. If one understood completely the said practices, it would be
easier to follow proper waste disposal.
The researchers see the expenditures of the administration in Technological Institute of the
Philippines - QC just to keep the institute clean and tidy. They provide an excess amount of garbage
bins and cans to make it easier for the students in implementing the proper waste disposal and
management. They also orient students about proper waste disposal and 5S that is made to maintain
the cleanliness of the institute. They also provide daily maintenance of the buildings and dispose
garbage from time to time. This effort of the administration is not ignored by the students as well as the
faculty members and other employees of the institution. But the researchers observed that the Senior
High School Students of the new K-12 Curriculum in the Technological Institute of the Philippines is not
quite aware or acquainted about the proper waste disposal.

Purpose of the Study
The research study was conducted to know if students in Technological Institute of the
Philippines-Quezon City really understand the proper waste disposal and segregation and if they were
able to apply it in their everyday lives. The main purpose of this study is listed as follows:
-To know the awareness of the students that affects the progress of proper waste disposal inside the
school
- To know if the proper waste disposal in an institution sustainable?
- To know the significant difference between the grade11and grade12 students in their understanding
proper waste disposal
- To know the problems on implementing the proper waste disposal
- To know the factors that can be considered why proper waste disposal of waste is hard to implement
- To know the possible benefit of proper waste disposal on our environment/institution?
Research Questions
Phase I. Quantitative Questions
1. Does the awareness of the students affect the progress of proper waste disposal inside the
school?
2. Is the proper waste disposal in the T.I.P. sustainable?
3. Is there any significant difference between the grade 11 and grade 12 students in their
understanding proper waste disposal?
Phase II. Qualitative Questions
4. What are the problems on implementing the proper waste disposal?
5. What are the factors that can be considered why proper waste disposal of waste is hard to
implement?
6. What are the possible benefits of proper waste disposal on our environment/ institution?

Definition and Terms
Hygiene
A science of the establishment and maintenance of health. The things that you do to keep
yourself and your surroundings clean in order to maintain good health.
Management
The act or skill of controlling and making decisions about a business, department, sports team,
etc. The act or art of managing : the conducting or supervising of something.
Segregation
The practice or policy of keeping people of different races, religions, etc., separate from each
other. The separation or isolation of race, class, or ethnic group by enforced or voluntary residence in a
restricted area, by barriers to social intercourse, by separate educational facilities, or by other
discriminatory means.
Subsequent
Happening or coming after something else. Following in time, order, or place.
Implement
An object used to do work. An article serving to equip <the implements of religious worship. A
device used in the performance of a task.
Vital
A fundamentally concerned with or affecting life or living beings: as; tending to renew or refresh
the living; invigorating; destructive to life; mortal.
Stratagem
A trick or plan for deceiving an enemy or for achieving a goal. An artifice or trick in war for
deceiving and outwitting the enemy
Permeating
To diffuse through or penetrate something; to spread or diffuse through <a room permeated with
tobacco smoke; to pass through the pores or interstices of.

Biodegradable
Capable of being slowly destroyed and broken down into very small parts by natural processes,
bacteria, etc. Capable of being broken down especially into innocuous products by the action of living
things.
Non-biodegradable
Not capable of being slowly destroyed and broken down into very small parts by natural
processes, bacteria, etc. Not capable of being broken down especially into innocuous products by the
action of living things.
Legislation
The exercise of the power and function of making rules (as laws) that have the force of authority
by virtue of their promulgation by an official organ of a state or other organization.
Inherent
Existing in someone or something as a permanent and inseparable element, quality or attribute.
Implicitly
Capable of being understood from something else though unexpressed.
Intrinsic
Being or relating to a semiconductor in which the concentration of charge carriers is
characteristic of the material itself instead of the content of any impurities it contains.
Paradigm
A philosophical and theoretical framework of a scientific school or discipline within which
theories, laws, and generalizations and the experiments performed in support of them are formulated;
broadly; A philosophical or theoretical framework of any kind
Exacerbates
To increase the severity, bitterness or violence of (disease,ill feeling, etc.)
Degradation
The act of treating someone or something poorly and without respect.

Haphazard
Characterized by lack of order or planning, by irregularity, or by randomness; determined by or
dependent on chance; aimless.
Theoretical Perspective
Proper waste disposal, it is derived from the principle: polluter pays principle where the polluting
party pays for the impact caused to the environment. Because of the problem of our environment:
pollution.
Law of Adaptability
The theory of Law of Adaptability in Ecology, it states that, it is the ability to cope up with all
environmental issues. Proper waste disposal is one of the solutions to pollution and it is really important
for students to understand the proper waste disposal. If the students applied the proper waste disposal,
it will be a big help to the school and the environment.
Another thing that is essential to this study is waste segregation; it is based from the principle
waste hierarchy. This principle refers to the “3Rs”: reuse, reduce, and recycle, which organize waste
management strategies according to their desirability in terms of waste minimization. The waste
hierarchy remains the cornerstone of most waste minimization strategies.
These solutions would be non-sense if the people are not understood or not even know what
the real significance of it. If the people, especially student are knowledgeable about it, it would be a big
help in our society. So if each one of us applied these solutions properly, it will have a large positive
impact in our society.

Problem Strategies Outputs
Proper Waste -Reuse, Reduce -It makes the

school
Disposal and Recycle surrounding clean
-Trash bin in & green.
every room -It would make the
-Has Janitor garbage disposal
more manageable.
-Students of the
school would be
more concern and
knowledgeable
about proper
waste disposal.
Delimitation
The study is limited only to the environmental issues concerning the world and would not focus
on any other factors that are being affected. The researcher may give information that outside of the
scope of this study but it would not be emphasize throughout the whole research. The study would not
cover ways in implementing proper waste disposal and segregation effectively. The researchers may
mention certain ways in implementing proper waste disposal and segregation effectively but the
researcher would not focus in explaining and elaborating ways in implementing proper waste disposal
and segregation effectively.
The study does not involve college students, faculty members, and other members inside the
Technological Institute of the Philippines – QC (T.I.P) asides from Senior High School (SHS) students.
The study would not concern the case/progress of the awareness of proper waste disposal outside the
school.

Limitation
The scope of the study is about the understanding and awareness of proper waste disposal of
senior high school students inside Technological Institute of the Philippines – QC (T.I.P). The study
would only focus on the lack of progress in applying proper waste disposal. The study aims to identify
factors and the relationship between the awareness of the students about proper waste disposal and
the current progress of the implementation of proper waste disposal. The possible results that this
study would only be based on the progress, awareness of proper ways disposal inside the school.
The coverage of the study is only the Senior High School (SHS) students who are studying at TIP-QC.
That means that the target respondents and population for the study is only SHS students. This study
would be conducted within the premises of TIP-QC.
Significance of the Study
This research eyes to provide information on how understanding proper waste disposal when
held as an explanatory sequential design. The accumulated data will then be processed, interpreted,
organized, structured, and presented so as to make them meaningful and useful information to have a
stronger adherence and deeper comprehension regarding understanding proper waste disposal’s pros
and cons.
To Students:
Moreover, the case will also tackle the behaviors of the students while under the influence
understanding proper waste disposal, specifically following the 5S in school, which do not need
prescriptions from experts. Thus, the students will understand with great comprehension the
implications of proper waste disposal.
The study that the researchers conducted will serve as an eye opener. Specifically to those who do not
usually observe proper waste disposal. This can help the well-being of a student in a way of giving
them a sense of duty towards the betterment of our environment through the simple act of disposing
his/her trash properly. In turn, the students are expected to gain deeper understanding regarding the

connection of their actions and the effects it might have towards our environment. The researchers
believe that the senior high school students of TIP are responsible and wise enough to cope up with the
impending challenges or issues in our environment. The research about understanding proper waste
disposal may not be valued by some of the students but the researchers believe that even just a small
handful of the student body will observe the simple proper waste disposal, it can help the school to
become better environment friendly, organize, and cleaner in the long run.
To the Institution:
The administration and the institution itself will also be dubbed as beneficiaries. With deeper
analysis and in-depth scrutiny by harnessing the facts that are highlighted and pointed out here, their
probe on the association between the proper waste disposal will be facile, leading to fully perceive the
corollaries of understanding proper waste disposal on the students’ learning.
The study about understanding proper waste disposal can help not just the school but by just a
little deed it can also help the environment. The study that the researchers currently conducting is also
a huge help to maintain a good health inside the school because not doing the proper waste disposal
can also give a risk to everybody’s health. This study can help the system and organization of the
school in maintaining its cleanliness and orderliness.
To the Future Researchers:
Future researchers, whose topic is also focused and inclined with the understanding proper
waste disposal, will also be able to develop and muster out information out of the presented data as
seen in this study, that can give sinew to fortify their undertakings.

Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
The role of the government in Solid waste management
As stated by Marere, J.M. (2014), solid waste management was one of the local government’s
major responsibilities. Implementing pactices for proper waste disposal was a complicated task for a
government which requires cooperation and appropriate organizational capacity between the
stakeholders in both private and public sector. Thus, government played an important role on proper
waste disposal. Way back the colonial era, people considered solid waste management as a service or
public goods this was because the public had been paying for the said service of the government.
However, waste management was consider as a problem that needed a long-term solution which
people from the cities could not afford due to the lack financial structure and capacity of local
government to handle these circumstances.
All throughout the research, the researchers came up with findings that concerns the questions
that they were aiming for answer’s, on the first question which concerned the sufficiency of the legal
framework for solid waste disposal in urban areas, the respondents said that the legal framework was
sufficient enough. The research then revealed that practice in solid waste management in urban areas
was not satisfactory because of various reasons ranging from institutional defies to financial
encumbrances. The researchers also found out that the community and the stakeholders are to the
large extent active which concerns the last question regarding the participation of the community
members and other stakeholders. Due the lack of practices of solid waste management, the
researchers recommended the central government should provide allocation for the solid waste
management planning this study revealed the financial constraints it what hinders the efficiency of solid
waste disposal. So was a must that the central government fully provides for the funds that is needed.
The central government should also not leave the problems of solid waste management alone to the
municipals. It was obvious that solid waste management plays an important role in every aspects of life

which is why the government must prioritize the issues regarding waste management equally just like
how the governments invest to other matters.
Waste Management Systems
As mentioned by Saungweme (2012), poor solid waste management was what the urban areas
experiencing right now. Only a few urban areas had sustainable waste disposal systems and littering
had been a growing problem which the public did not pay much attention in Southern Africa and the
growing problem of littering was increasing due to packaging and plastics. Problems relating to health
were caused by a combination of an overflowing uncollected solid waste from the market, residential
areas and industrial sites. The solid waste management failed to handle the challenge of solid waste in
the town of Mbare.
Large amount of uncollected rise of waste, disposal of waste on illegal dumps were what
challenging the waste management systems. Solid waste could also cause block storm drains which
lead to the creation of pool of water which may result to insects breed such as malaria carrying
mosquitoes and other diseases. Another impact of the environment also included soil, water and air
pollution. Low collection coverage, irregular, inconsistent and inadequate, collection services, crude
open dumping, and burning without air and water pollution control werre some of the challenges that
the solid waste management systems in developing countries faces. It was also stated in the study that
there were insufficient human resources at national and local with relevant technical expertise that was
needed for waste management, planning and operation.
They also added that most of the personnel responsible for solid waste management did not
have enough technical, engineering and management training relevant for the effective management of
solid waste systems. And many other such as financial, institutional challenges gave a big factor in
developing waste management systems.

Solid Waste Management Strategies
According to Azuelo, Bardado, et.al (2016) environment in the Philippines had reached its
critical point due to solid waste management that needed a rapid and collective actions from all sectors
of the government. Because of the condition relating to the waste management that was getting worse,
the government mandates each city or municipality to prepare and implement a plan for the safe and
sanitary management of solid waste. Since the mandates, some had already accomplished their solid
waste management strategies. However, government units in Camarines Norte failed to complied to the
mandates of the law unlike inn the other parts of province where numerous activities and strategies had
been applied, through the environmental efforts made by their people. The researchers then found out
through a survey that in Camarines Norte, few of the trucks for collections and transport of waste had
separate compartments for their collection of different wastes and the sizes of trucks was not sufficient
enough for the large amount of wastes. Despite of these negative feedbacks, the researchers also
found out that strategy on reuse and recycling of marketable materials where successfully implemented
in some of the municipalities of Camarines Norte. Based on the interview conducted to the residents
and local officials, some barangays were able to make people recycle the plastic wastes into baskets,
and other Christmas decors. Overall, some municipalities in Camarines Norte were able to implement a
waste management plan and some also failed to successfully implement one. To fully accomplish the
mandates, the researchers recommended that the municipalitites must ensure that they have technical
functional committee and sufficient number of personnel that qualify the knowledge regarding
implementation and monitoring of solid waste management strategies. It is also essential to create and
reinforce linkages and coordinative mechanisms with other government agencies. The municipalities
must assign funds for composting. Conducting a seminars on livelihood skills training in barangays
could also be a big help.

Importance of Proper Waste Disposal
According to The FGS Group, proper waste disposal was important due to the truth that positive
forms of wastes can be risky and may contaminate the environment if no longer handled nicely. These
styles of waste also had the capability to purpose ailment or get into water resources. There were
guidelines and policies in location for the way particular varieties of waste must be disposed of.
Following them permits for poisonous waste to be safely discarded without the risk of environmental
contamination.
The general public of the legal guidelines associated with waste disposal are regulated and
enforced via the Environmental protection company (EPA). The general fitness of the general public
and preferred U.S. environmental coverage also are foremost responsibilities of the EPA. The aid
Conservation and recovery Act of 1976 was the first-rate regulation on the subject of right waste
disposal in the USA. This Act was what gave the EPA the essential authority to display dangerous
waste disposal.
Unsafe wastes that were not well disposed of can leak and contaminate soil and water, which
could result in troubles with both the surroundings and human health. Burning the incorrect sorts of
waste could release gases into the atmosphere. Whilst waste was well discarded, special liners were
used to save you poisonous chemical compounds from leaking out and precautions were taken so that
any methane related to burning trash is adequately contained.
Whilst waste was disposed of well, it enabled to prevent extra pollution that may enhance public
health. Polluted air would increase the threat of respiration contamination. Waste was well disposed of
has a lesser danger of entering into the water supply and causing infection. Inside the Nineteen
Eighties, there was an incident in New Jersey wherein unregulated dumping brought about a chromium
poisoning epidemic in a neighborhood school.

Waste Prevention and Control Options, and Transferring
According to European Perliament, 5 tonnes of waste consistent with capita were generated
every 12 months within the EU Union (EU), commonly from the development and mining sectors, with
municipal waste accounting for roughly 10% of the entire. Despite the fact that extensive variations
stayed between Member States, recent tendencies within the remedy of municipal waste show a shift
far from landfilling and an boom in the percentage of waste recycled. Management of waste could have
damaging outcomes on the environment, weather and human health. EU waste coverage was built on
a thematic strategy, a sequence of overarching directives, criminal acts applying to particular waste
streams, legal acts on precise installations, and implementing acts defining while particular substances
go away the waste regime after remedy. Diverse targeted set out in ECU law (specifically as regards
recycling of household waste and landfilling of biodegradable waste) were being carried out at varying
velocity across Member States, regions and municipalities. Nearby and nearby guidelines had a vast
impact on waste recycling quotes. In spite of this rules, illegal waste shipments stayed a concern.
Waste control required dealing with a number of challenging troubles, for instance, balancing
objectives among promoting recycling and shielding purchasers in opposition to harmful chemical
substances in recycled materials; insufficient data series; satisfactory components related to recycling;
energy recovery of waste; and waste prevention. The opportunities related in particular to a shift toward
an extra round economy, with advantages for the environment and human health, as well as the
economic system. The European Parliament had continually known as for guidelines in keeping with
the hierarchy of waste prevention and control options, and transferring closer to an extra round
economy.

Usage of Right Waste Control and Waste Disposal Techniques
According to the Junk It Yard, environmental waste could have a huge effect on most people, so
it was critical for house owners to remove probably risky chemicals consistent with the present day
requirements. Bear in mind as an instance useless automobile batteries, that could include risky
elements such as mercury, which could impact the neighborhood populace’s health and neighborhood
flora and fauna if it enters the water supply. Automobile batteries had to be disposed of in accordance
the modern-day regulations within the vehicle proprietor’s place.
There were some of societal financial advantages to using the proper waste removal system.
Homeowners could take away their yard waste via their nearby recycling business enterprise, as an
example, to make certain that the product was used as a part of a neighborhood farm or garden place
for compost. This composting technique allowed top off the nutrients within the floor and could assist
neighborhood municipalities keep cash on landfill regions.
The environmental advantages of a right waste disposal gadget are clear. Whilst someone
doesn’t dispose correctly of a plastic product or a product which could contain dangerous chemical
compounds, those chemical compounds could subsequently locate their manner into neighborhood
water assets and the soil. While synthetic substances input the herbal atmosphere, they could then
begin to affect neighborhood flora and fauna as well as natural growth procedures.
The usage of right waste control and waste disposal techniques also could assist governmental
organizations. Usually, those groups spend giant quantities of resources on incineration structures,
which simply expend electricity without extensive benefit. Now, technologies had been crafted that
helped to seize the energy utilized by those commercial incinerators, allowing towns to generate power
thru the incineration method. It was a commitment to effective waste disposal that is assisting strength
houses and keep prices.
Proper waste disposal could assist keep our natural surroundings, and make certain a healthy
environment for the long-term future. To find out more at the advantages that proper waste disposal
systems can carry to local areas throughout Canada, talk with our professional crew at once.

Reasons why proper waste management should be implemented
According to Istech (2015), proper waste management was critical for the safety of human and
the environment. Properly disposing junks and trashes could prevent pollution in the air, which could
contribute with the improvement and development of public health. When you used proper bin liner and
containers for different wastes, it could help preventing toxic and harmful materials from entering the
environment.
The Istech mentioned four (4) reasons why proper waste management should be implemented,
and why it was important to both environment and health. As we all know, improper disposal of waste
could result to hazardous substance which could be a threat to human health and safety. This was
because waste contains different substances, some of these substances were harmful and not good for
the health of human and also other beings such as plants and animals. Which was why proper
disposing of waste can prevent hazardous materials from contaminating the environment. Also you
could also turn a waste or garbage into a living. Proper waste management including recycling was
turning a rubbish into something useful. It did not only help the environment from the negative effects of
wastes, but you could also make some money out of it. Recycling did not only reduce your garbage, but
could also reuse it for a better living. Lastly, disposing wastes to its rightful containers could not only
help you in organizing, but also could secure ones safety. That was why properly storing of trash is
important because it can be harmful to others. It could result to critical situation for you and others.
These were just some of the reasons why proper waste disposal is important. There were still
numerous negative effect of it, whether it was environmental change or health and safety of beings.

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
As indicated by, improper waste management has a serious effects on the environment. Some
laws regarding the waste management were created in response to the emerging waste disposal
problem in the Philippines. The policy of the state in adopting a systematic, comprehensive and
ecological solid waste management program that ensured the protection of public health and the
environment and the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment and disposal of solid
waste through the formulation and adoption of best environmental practices was declared by RA 9003.
RA 9003 includes Ecological solid waste management which was associated with the control, storage,
collection, transfer and transport, processing, and disposing solid wastes. With these activities, could
have positive impacts to the public health, economics, engineering, conservation, aesthetics, other
environmental considerations, and public attitudes. Institution Mechanism could also be attained
through the establishment of a National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC) and Solid
Waste Management Board (SWMB) in each local government unit (LGU) that was mandated by RA
9003, on the other hand, the SWMB was govern to create a 10-year local Ecological Solid Waste
Management Plans instituting an effective and sustainable solid waste management plan with primary
emphasis on implementation of all feasible re-use, recycling and composting programs. Waste
Characterization and segregation, Source Reduction, Collection and Transport of Solid Waste,
Recycling Program etc. were then under Comprehensive Solid Waste Management.
Household waste awareness and practices
According to Licy, C.D., Saritha, K., et.al (2013) there were 3 basic components of Solid Waste
Management. These were collection, transportation and disposal. Solid waste management include the
diverse range of activation which is reduction, recycling, segregation, modification, treatment and
disposal. These varied different levels of difficulty. This reduced the amount of solid waste disposed off
on land through the recovery of materials and energy from solid waste in a good way. Waste
management activities which could produce environmental benefits if managed properly has not been

prioritize by both the government and the public in the past. It was stated that there were no effort in the
past to attain the awareness of the community, this was due to poor waste management and the simple
steps that every citizen could take. But nowadays, proper waste disposal had gained attention from
either people or the government. Improper waste management had caused environmental issues that
caught the interest of several people as they started to experience the bad effects of ecological issues.
There were several environmental problems which consist of several new problems like disposal of e-
waste which is collective of terminology for the entire stream of electronic equipment, these devices
could be considered toxic once disassembled. Another problem was the household waste that
accumulate large amount of solid waste, some were reusable and others are not, if these wastes were
not properly disposed, the consequences could bring danger to the lives of human and the
environment. As the researchers conducted a survey regarding the awareness, attitude, and practice
towards Household waste disposal, the researchers recommended on giving social duty awareness
along with waste management awareness that can improve the practice of waste management.
Solid Waste Management
Solid waste management was defined as the direct generation, collection, storage, transport,
source separation, processing, treatment, recovery and disposal of solid waste. It was a polite term for
garbage management. It was the response to the world’s stinking and escalating problem on the
garbage. Mounting waste problem had been the core foundation of hazardous illness and land
depletion, not to mention is negative upshot to the environment. The system of handling trash, be it
municipal waste collection, recycling programs, open dumping, incineration and gasification fall on the
same category. Despite the years of attempting to resolve the mounting waste problem, the problem
still persist (Enriquez, 2011)
As reported by Guzman et al., (2010), solid waste management was one of the most critical
environmental problems today. In metro Manila alone, approximately 0.6 kilogram per person of
garbage was produced with a total amount of about 6000 to 7000 tons per day. Despite the fact that not

all of these collection system people seem to be unconcerned with the amount of solid and semisolid
waste they produce.
On the other hand, source reduction was considered to be the solution to solid waste problem.
This meant that first and foremost, people should consider how much waste is generated and in what
ways can they reduced it. Secondly, they should consider how much of the wastes can be diverted from
final disposal into other forms. Related to this, several issues needed to be resolved by the government
agencies concerned with the solid waste management program in the Philippines (Guzman et al, 2010).
Waste Prevention and Minimization
Prevention means eliminating or reducing the quantity of waste which was produced in the first
place, thus reducing the quantity of waste which must be managed. Prevention could take the form of
reducing the quantities of materials used in a process or reducing the quantity of harmful materials
which may be contained in a product.
Prevention could also include the reuse of products. Prevention was the most desirable waste
management option as it eliminates the need for handling, transporting, recycling or disposal of waste.
It provided the highest level of environmental protection by optimizing the use of resources and by
removing a potential source of pollution. Minimization included any process or activity that avoids,
reduces or eliminates waste at its source or results in re-use or recycling. It could be difficult to draw a
clear distinction between the terms “Prevention” and “Minimization”. Waste prevention and minimization
measures could be applied at all stages in the life-cycle of a product including the production process,
the marketing, distribution, or utilization stages, up to discarding the product at the end- of life stage. By
examining each stage in the life cycle of a product, it might be possible that the quantities of waste
produced at each stage can be reduced.
During the design stage of a product, consideration could be given to the types of materials to
be used, the quantity of materials and the recyclability of the product once it reached its end of life. The
use of efficient processes in terms of energy and material requirements during the manufacture of a

product were other important considerations. Consideration could also be given to minimizing the
packaging for the product.
Garbage Disposal System for Proper Waste Management
Actually, the solid wastes we throw in our garbage bins everyday could be classified into groups,
this was called segregation. If you wanted to reduce, reuse and recycle, then it would be better for you
to identify those wastes that can still be used from real garbage that needs to be thrown away.
Garbage were decomposable food wastes, these are excess foods, ingredients, etc., that has
no use for human consumption anymore. If you have a lawn and garden, making a compost pit could
be a good way to make use of these wastes. This could be a good fertilizer for your garden plants.
Proper waste disposal would be very important in making sure that your place and environment is free
from any waste that can cause health risks. If you want a clean and healthy environment, then you
have to constantly clean your area, and put some tools and equipment’s like a garbage disposal to help
you in keeping that area clean and free from harmful bacteria.
One place in our house that usually accumulates smelly wastes was our kitchen. Usually,
garbage from excess food ingredients, rotten food, etc., goes straight to your kitchen's wastes bins, but
this waste bins most of the time contained all things that cause bad odor in our kitchen. What was bad
about this waste bins were that its bad smell can spread all over your house, and that would be really
unsanitary.
Bad waste disposal in our kitchen could direct the waste straight into our plumbing system,
causing a bigger trouble for you and your family. If you wanted to keep your house free form the bad
smell of food waste and garbage, then it would be wise for you to have a proper garbage disposal.
Composting was a natural process in which plant and other organic wastes were broken down
biologically to produce a nutrient-rich material. At home, put yard and kitchen waste such as leaves,
grass clippings, and fruit and vegetable scraps in a bin. This would eventually decompose and produce
a mixture that can be used for soil improvement in individual gardens. Municipalities could treat waste

in the same way. Recycling was one of the best ways of waste management. It helped in reducing
pollution, saving natural resources and conserving energy. Recycling newspapers, plastics, glass and
aluminum also helped in saving money. Recycling other materials such as tires, batteries, asphalt,
motor oil, etc. reduces pollution (otherwise these would end up in landfill or incinerator). In order to
reduce trash, it was necessary to encourage and implement recycling at all levels of society.
Establishing Waste Management
According to World Health Organization, 2011, In technical notice, the time period ‘strong waste’
as used to consist of all non-liquid wastes generated by using human pastime and quite a number
stable waste material because of the catastrophe, which include trendy home rubbish including food
waste, ash and packaging materials; human faces disposed of in rubbish; emergency waste which
includes plastic water bottles and packaging from different emergency resources; rubble as a
consequence of the disaster; mud and slurry deposited by using the herbal disaster; and alley trees and
rocks obstructing shipping and communications different expert wastes, inclusive of scientific waste
from hospitals and poisonous waste from industry, may also need to be dealt with urgently, however
they're not protected with the aid of this technical note.
Accoring to Saley, 2012.The Municipal Council enacted an ordinance establishing stable waste
management also known as “PerkashFashura Ordinance Na Isadanga.”The ordinance prohibits
dumping of rubbish everywhere other than those recognized and hooked up garbage facilities; dumping
of unclean and unsegregated waste on the redemption center/facility; discharging of human feces along
the creeks and rivers; throwing of wastes in creeks, rivers, public places together with roads, sidewalks
and establishments; and burning of rubbish especially non-biodegradable wastes. It also requires
residents to exercise segregation of wastes at supply. Reusable strong wastes along with bottles,
plastics, cellophanes and papers will be brought to the barangay material recovery facility duly
segregated or directly to the agent-shoppers. Non-recyclable materials and unique solid wastes will be
delivered to the material restoration facility, whilst dangerous wastes or chemical substances might be

disposed in coordination with concerned government businesses in keeping with prescribed methods.
The neighborhood government is chargeable for collecting reusable, recyclable and non-biodegradable
waste materials from the fabric recuperation centers; and transporting them to the recycling centers and
or to the municipal material healing facility. series of segregated stable wastes is scheduled in step with
barangay.
Environmental Degradation
According to Zagozewski et al, 2011, we're born from the earth, we return to the earth and we
maintain via the earth, therefore the environment wherein we live is very important and it at once affects
our lives. It's miles stated that man is the manufactured from his environment. Environmental trouble is
a global subject. It has no boundary, round the sector; efforts are being made to make people privy to
environmental safety. One of the main causes of environmental degradation is incorrect management in
the disposal of strong waste. It's miles a first-rate reason of pollution and outbreak of illnesses in lots of
elements of the world. There may be no everlasting solution for environmental troubles, best aspect we
can lessen and control waste technology by using right attention and exercise. Proper control of the
waste generated is most vital on this rely. Waste control is a technology that addresses the logistics,
environmental impact, social responsibility and price of an businesses’ waste disposal. Solid Waste
management (SWM) has 3 basic components specifically series, transportation and disposal. complete
strong waste management incorporates a diverse variety of activities including discount, recycling,
segregation, amendment, treatment and disposal that have various ranges of sophistication.
According to Vinod and Venugopal, 2010, it is anticipated that 1, 60000 MT (Metric Tonne) of
municipal solid waste is generated each day in India. in step with the 2001 census, in keeping with
capita waste technology in India is zero.5 Kg/day.

Stable Waste Management
According to Couth & Trois, 2010, The study shows that each using group have to be
considered in nearby context as coping with stable waste for a selected society might also vary from
the others. as an example, waste managers in Africa need to address some problems inclusive of, lack
of facts, insignificant economic resources, significant exclusive of amount and waste kinds between city
and rural vicinity, lack of technical and human sources, low degree of consciousness and cultural
aversion closer to waste.
According to Elsevier Ltd, 2012, stable waste management is a mission for the towns'
authorities in growing nations particularly because of the growing technology of waste, the burden
posed at the municipal budget due to the excessive expenses associated to its control, the lack of
knowledge over a diversity of things that affect the one of a kind stages of waste control and linkages
essential to permit the entire handling system functioning. An analysis of literature on the work carried
out and suggested in particular in publications from 2005 to 2011, related to waste management in
developing international locations, showed that few articles give quantitative information. The analysis
was conducted in of the predominant medical journals, Waste control magazine and Waste
management and research. The objective of this research changed into to decide the stakeholders'
motion/behavior that has a position in the waste management procedure and to analyze influential
elements on the machine, in greater than thirty urban areas in 22 growing international locations in four
continents. An aggregate of strategies changed into used on this examine so as to verify the
stakeholders and the factors influencing the performance of waste control inside the cities. facts
became accrued from clinical literature, current facts bases, observations made throughout visits to city
areas, established interviews with applicable experts, physical activities provided to individuals in
workshops and a questionnaire carried out to stakeholders. Descriptive and inferential statistic
techniques had been used to attract conclusions. The outcomes of the research are a comprehensive
list of stakeholders which are relevant within the waste control systems and a fixed of factors that

screen the most crucial reasons for the structures' failure. The statistics furnished is very useful whilst
planning, converting or imposing waste control systems in towns.

Chapter 3: METHODOLOGY
This chapter explained the description of the research design, data analysis, target population
and sample, sampling produce, data collection, and the reliability and validity of the data.
Research Design
In order to see the general picture of the Understanding of Senior High School students of
Technological Institute of the Philippines-Quezon City (TIP-QC) in Proper Waste Disposal, the
Explanatory sequential design will be used by the researchers.
Explanatory sequential design was used two phases in collecting and analyzing the data. The
researchers collect and analyze first the quantitative data and followed by qualitative data. Qualitative
data are related to the outcome of quantitative or the phase one. Explanatory sequential design used
the qualitative outcomes to help in clarifying and interpreting the findings of a quantitative study.
By using the Explanatory sequential design, the researchers can find the answers and
systematically describe the situations or the results. The researchers’ study can be accomplished with
the used of descriptive method.
Variables in Qualitative Analysis
According to Regoniel, P. A. (2012), the independent variables are just those variables that may
influence or affect the other variable, i.e., the dependent variable. In this study, practices of proper
waste disposal at school vary depending on the issues that hinder students from effectively following
the proper waste disposal, and the significant difference between the grade 11 and 12 students in their
understanding proper waste disposal. Therefore, practice of proper waste disposal at school is the
dependent variable. And issues that hinder students from effectively following the proper waste
disposal, and the significant difference between the grade 11 and 12 students in their understanding
proper waste disposal are the independent variables.

Target Population and Sample
In this study the researcher used stratified sampling to survey students at the Technological
Institute of the Philippines - QC (TIP) about Proper Waste Disposal. According to the statistics
dictionary, with stratified sampling, the researcher divides the population into separate groups, called
strata. Then, a probability sample (often a simple random sample) is drawn from each group. The target
population of this study is the students from Technological Institute of the Philippines - QC (TIP). Where
in surveys were given to target 40 grade 11 STEM students and 40 grade 12 STEM students.
Phase I. Quantitative
Sampling Produce
The study utilized the Slovin’s formula in order to obtain the ideal sample size that would best
represent the population of Senior High School students in TIP-QC. Having a total of 40 Grade 11
students and 40 Grade 12 student. Supplied on the formula, this resulted into a sample size of 80
respondents.
Stratified sampling technique is used to determine the respondents that consists the 80 sample
size. This is done to get a better representation of the sample from the population, for the survey
questionnaire to an attribute of accuracy for the study.
Taken from the total sample, approximately 80 students from Grade 11 & 12 of STEM is
needed. Rounding off the numbers to its nearest single digit form results to depletion of the total sample
that can be acquired, thus approximation of 3-5 students from each section is considered to comply
with the total sample of 80.

Data Collection
In order to gather data, the researchers would conduct a survey with 80 STEM morning
session students. The researchers would gather the questioners and give to the respondents, by the
sureness of the answer of every respondent; the survey would be conducted inside the T.I.P building 5
and 9 only.
Data Analysis
The information obtained from the surveys questionnaire was put into the Statistical Package for
Social Science (SPSS) so that the information from the dichotomous question could be analyzed. Data
was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as measures of central tendency, frequencies, and
counts. These types of data reporting procedures are fairly easy to understand and helpful in making a
rather concise and meaningful summarization of a large amount of data so that patterns and emerging
themes are relatively easy to identify (Gall, Gall, and Borg, 1999). A series of Chi-squared tests were
computed to compare people who answered “agree” and “disagree” to the question assessing
Understanding Proper Waste Disposal. A Chi-squared test was run with each of the questions to
determine which measures, according to the data, were significant and which was not to an effective
cyberbullying policy.

Reliability and Validity
The research question was made simple, brief, and concrete to provide the respondent’s basic
understanding about the purpose of the study. To ensure that the questionnaire was valid, the
researchers consulted experts for face and content validity.
According to Radhakirshna, “Questionnaires are the most frequently used data collection
method in educational and evaluation research. Questionnaires help gather information on knowledge,
attitudes, opinions, behaviors, facts, and other information. In a review of 748 research studies
conducted in agricultural and Extension education, Radhakrishna, Leite, and Baggett (2003) found that
64% used questionnaires. They also found that a third of the studies reviewed did not report
procedures for establishing validity (31%) or reliability (33%). Development of a valid and reliable
questionnaire is a must to reduce measurement error. Groves (1987) defines measurement error as the
"discrepancy between respondents' attributes and their survey responses" (p. 162).”
Phase II. Qualitative
Sampling Produce
The participants of the study was all from Grade 11 and Grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering
and Mathematics (STEM) students, who was procured by theprocedure of purposive stratified sampling
with the criteria that all the respondents must understand the proper waste disposal.
Data Collection
In order for them to know if a promising student-respondent candidate was really qualified and
was able to comply all the delimitations, the researchers secured a copy list of all the grade 11 and
grade 12 STEM sections. This was done in order to discern if a student could actively participate in the
data collection as provided by standards given in the term paper.
The researchers also came in touch and asked them to participate in the research after explaining the
nature and the scope of the study. In general terms, the respondents who would be participate in the

research commenced the embarking of the survey after the distribution of the research instruments,
which was conducted between February and March of the current year, 2018.
The researcher was in collaboration with the coordinator for data gathering. And thereafter, the
researchers directed the data collection from the STEM students, who was purposively, non-randomly
selected, by distributing the research instruments, giving them ample time to accomplish it.
During the conduction of the data gathering, respondent was to express their views. Finally, it should be
noted that the feedback flowed smoothly and pleasantly. And as some clarifications arose, the
researchers asked the targeted respondent about the answer.
Data Analysis
To analyze the qualitative portion of this study, a content analysis was conducted, the data
collected was read through thoroughly and the information was labeled into codes. The codes was then
be analyzed to reduce overlap and redundancy, and it was finally be collapsed into themes (Creswell,
2008). This process was repeated throughout each of the survey questionnaires. Once the theme from
each survey questionnaires was identified, it would be analyzed to reduce overlap and redundancy. The
findings of the qualitative portion of the study would be presented through a narrative discussion. A
thorough and in-depth summary of each theme would be provided (Creswell, 2008). To further explore
the meaning of the qualitative data, the findings would be compared to common themes found in
Proper waste disposal literatures. Of particular interest would be an analysis of how consistent the
research findings are with the body of research that is currently in existence.
Establishing Credibility
To establish credibility throughout the research, every respondent are given opportunity to
refuse to participate in the process of collecting data to ensure that the data collection sessions involve
only those who are genuinely willing to take part and prepared to offer data freely. The researchers
would also use triangulations, wherein, multiple methods, data sources, and theories would be used to

achieve more complete understanding of the phenomenon being studied. This involves applying
different data collection methods in order to see the consistency of the findings.
Limitations: Advantages and limitation of the Research Design
As with the Explanatory Design, the intent of the two-phase Exploratory Design (see Figure
4.4a) is that the results of the first method (qualitative) can help develop or inform the second method
(quantitative) (Greene et al., 1989).
This design is particularly useful when a researcher needs to develop and test an instrument
because one is not available (Creswell, 1999; Creswell et al., 2004) or identify important variables to
study quantitatively when the variables are unknown. It is also appropriate when a researcher wants to
generalize results to different groups (Morse, 1991), to test aspects of an emergent theory or
classification (Morgan, 1998), or to explore a phenomenon in depth and then measure its prevalence.
Explanatory sequential design was used to clarify the quantitative findings by qualitative data.
The finding was more comprehensive and easily to understand but it takes a length of time to collect
the quantitative and qualitative data.
Research Permission and Ethical Considerations
The researchers ensured to complete this study with appropriate research guidelines.
Considering ethical aspects of research, the researchers guaranteed that the data and the names of
the respondents will be kept confidential throughout the research, they also ensured that the
participants participated voluntarily and the students' permission to participate would also be obtained.
This is to ensure that the dignity and well-being of the students would be protected at all times.

The Role of the Researcher
This study involved the process or record of research and observation in which detailed
consideration is given to the development of a specific person, group, or happening with given period of
time. The researchers was the one who carefully described and analyzed the problems on
implementing proper waste disposal and segregation, not only the problems but also the possible
factors that can also affect. The researcher was the responsible to personally give the research
instruments to the respondents in order to use the opportunity to find the answers and systematically
describe the results and to take field notes.

Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION: Statement of The Problem

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Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION: Statement of The Problem

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Understanding Proper Waste Disposal: An Explanatory Sequential Design

Statement of the Problem

nothing has improved.

Buenaagua, Francisco, Fulgencio, Guillermo, Trapila, Tugano Page 1

easier to follow proper waste disposal.

quite aware or acquainted about the proper waste disposal.

Buenaagua, Francisco, Fulgencio, Guillermo, Trapila, Tugano Page 2

Purpose of the Study

- To know if the proper waste disposal in an institution sustainable?

proper waste disposal

- To know the problems on implementing the proper waste disposal

- To know the possible benefit of proper waste disposal on our environment/institution?

Phase I. Quantitative Questions

2. Is the proper waste disposal in the T.I.P. sustainable?

understanding proper waste disposal?

Phase II. Qualitative Questions

4. What are the problems on implementing the proper waste disposal?

Buenaagua, Francisco, Fulgencio, Guillermo, Trapila, Tugano Page 3

Definition and Terms

yourself and your surroundings clean in order to maintain good health.

etc. The act or art of managing : the conducting or supervising of something.

restricted area, by barriers to social intercourse, by separate educational facilities, or by other

Happening or coming after something else. Following in time, order, or place.

device used in the performance of a task.

the living; invigorating; destructive to life; mortal.

deceiving and outwitting the enemy

tobacco smoke; to pass through the pores or interstices of.

Buenaagua, Francisco, Fulgencio, Guillermo, Trapila, Tugano Page 4

action of living things.

by virtue of their promulgation by an official organ of a state or other organization.

Existing in someone or something as a permanent and inseparable element, quality or attribute.

Capable of being understood from something else though unexpressed.

Being or relating to a semiconductor in which the concentration of charge carriers is

A philosophical and theoretical framework of a scientific school or discipline within which

broadly; A philosophical or theoretical framework of any kind

To increase the severity, bitterness or violence of (disease,ill feeling, etc.)

The act of treating someone or something poorly and without respect.

Buenaagua, Francisco, Fulgencio, Guillermo, Trapila, Tugano Page 5

Characterized by lack of order or planning, by irregularity, or by randomness; determined by or

dependent on chance; aimless.

it will be a big help to the school and the environment.

hierarchy remains the cornerstone of most waste minimization strategies.

impact in our society.

Buenaagua, Francisco, Fulgencio, Guillermo, Trapila, Tugano Page 6

Problem Strategies Outputs

Proper Waste -Reuse, Reduce -It makes the

and segregation effectively.

Buenaagua, Francisco, Fulgencio, Guillermo, Trapila, Tugano Page 7

would be conducted within the premises of TIP-QC.

Significance of the Study

implications of proper waste disposal.

Buenaagua, Francisco, Fulgencio, Guillermo, Trapila, Tugano Page 8

corollaries of understanding proper waste disposal on the students’ learning.

school in maintaining its cleanliness and orderliness.

To the Future Researchers:

Buenaagua, Francisco, Fulgencio, Guillermo, Trapila, Tugano Page 9

Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

The role of the government in Solid waste management

government to handle these circumstances.

Buenaagua, Francisco, Fulgencio, Guillermo, Trapila, Tugano Page 10

how the governments invest to other matters.

Waste Management Systems

the town of Mbare.