Republic of the Philippines

CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

DAANBANTAYAN CAMPUS
Agujo, Daanbantayan, Cebu, Philippines
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Name: FLORDELYN CUYOS Date: June 22, 2021

Course & Year : BSIE-1A Rating: ________

Subject: PHYSICS

Newton's laws of motion

Newton, Isaac; laws of motion

The title page of Isaac Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia

Mathematica (1687; Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), the
work in which the physicist introduced his three laws of motion.

Newton's first law states that if a body is at rest or moving at a constant

speed in a straight line, it will remain at rest or continue to move in a straight
line at a constant speed unless acted on by a force. This is referred to as the
law of inertia. Galileo Galilei developed the law of inertia for horizontal
motion on Earth, which was later generalized by René Descartes. Prior to
Galileo, it was assumed that all horizontal motion required a direct cause;
however, Galileo deduced from his experiments that a body in motion would
remain in motion unless a force (such as friction) caused it to come to rest.

Newton's second law is a quantitative description of the changes in

motion that a force can cause. It states that the time rate of change of a body's
momentum is equal in magnitude and direction to the force applied to it. A
body's momentum is equal to the product of its mass and velocity.
Momentum, like velocity, is a vector quantity that has a magnitude as well as
a direction. A force applied to a body can change the magnitude or direction
of momentum, or both. Newton's second law is one of the most fundamental in
physics. For a body with a constant mass m, the equation is F = ma, where F
(force) and a (acceleration) are both vector quantities. If a body is subjected to
a net force, it is accelerated in accordance with the equation. In contrast, if a
body is not accelerated, no net force acts on it.

According to Newton's third law, when two bodies interact, they apply
forces to each other that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
The third law is also known as the action-reaction law. This law is useful in
analyzing static equilibrium problems in which all forces are balanced, but it
also applies to bodies in uniform or accelerated motion. The forces it describes
are real, not just accounting gimmicks. A book, for example, resting on a table
exerts a downward force equal to its weight on the table. The table exerts an
equal and opposite force on the book, according to the third law. The weight
of the book causes the table to slightly deform, causing it to push back on the
book like a coiled spring.