ICA LAB PROJECT REPORT

On

BREAK FAILURE INDICATOR USING IC 555

Submitted

in the partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

In

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINERRING

By

G. RAHUL (19315A0204)

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

SREENIDHI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Yamnampet, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad- 501301

2020-2021

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CONTENTS:
 ABSTRACT

 INTRODUCTION

 COMPONENTS USED

 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

 WORKING

 CONCLUSION

 REFERENCES

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ABSTRACT:

Automobiles have been the primary mode of transportation for most of us and we depend on
them for our day to day commute Unfortunately there are lots of mishaps that could occur
while driving an automobile and Brake Failures are one such case. Of course accidents
cannot be avoided sometimes but they can sure be prevented by taking some preventive
measures. In this project we will build a Circuit that can be attached to our Vehicles which
will monitor the brake of our vehicle and provide us an audio-visual feedback if the brake
fails.Most economical vehicles depend on wire braking mechanism to apply brakes on the
vehicle. This mechanism involves a Brake wire which runs from the brake lever to the
braking mechanism set-up of the vehicle. It is this wire that gets pulled when wo apply brakes
to stop our vehicle, After a long use and tear these wires might get wom out and get cut at
one point of time which eventually will cause a brake failure. So we will build a circuit that
will monitor the continuity of this wire, the circuit will glow a green color LED if everything
is fine, but is the wire fails the circuit will blink red color LED also will beep a buzzer to alert
the rider.

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INTRODUCTION:

Brake failure indicator circuit is very simple and can be easily built on a breadboard. The
main components in this project are the 555 Timer and the BC557 PNP transistor. The 555
Timer operates in Astable mode to produce clock pulse and the BC557 PNP Transistor
monitors the Brake wire and decides which led should glow.
Accidents cannot be avoided sometimes but they can sure be prevented by taking some
preventive measures. In this project we will build a Circuit that can be attached to our
Vehicles which will monitor the brake of our vehicle and provide us an audio-visual feedback
if the brake fails Most economical vehicles depend on wire braking mechanism to apply
brakes on the vehicle This mechanism involves a Brake wire which runs from the brake lever
to the braking mechanism set-up of the vehicle.
It is this wire that gets pulled when we apply brakes to stop our vehicle. After a long use and
tear these wires might get wom out and get cut at one point of time which eventually will
cause a brake failure. So we will build a circuit that will monitor the continuity of this wire,
the circuit will glow a green color LED if everything is fine, but is the wire fails the circuit
will blink a red color LED also will beep a buzzer to alert the rider.
Materials Required:
1 Breadboard
2 555 Timer IC
3. BC557 PNP Transistor
4. Red and Green Colour LED
5. l uf and 0.luf Capacitor
6. 1 K and 440K resistor
7.Connecting wires
8.Buzzer

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MAJOR COMPONENT DISCRIPTION:

1.NE555IC

The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer, pulse generation,
and oscillator applications. The 555 can be used to provide time delays, as an oscillator, and
as a flip flop element.

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Pin description:

The connection of the pins for a DIP package is as follows:

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Circuit Diagram:
The circuit diagram for this brake failure indicator project is shown below

The Astable mode in a 555 timer is mainly used for Blinking LEDs or to do some periodic
Turn On and Turn off actions, In this project we have configures the Timer to work with
0.3Sec on time and 0.3sec Off time. The value of the resistors RI, R2 and capacitor Cl
decides the on and off time of the Pulse produced. The formulas for calculating the same is
given below
TI = 0.693(R1+R2).CI

T2 = 0.693 R2 C1

T=TI+T2

F= 1/T

Duty Cycle = TI/(TI+T2)

In our case the value for RI = 1000ohm and R2=440000ohm and Cl=0.000001F, So using
theseThis also drives the Green LED light and disconnects the Buzzer and Red LED from
ground thus keeping it turned off.

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When the break wire is cut the base of the BC557 is also cut and thus the Green LED is
tumed off and the Buzzer and Red LED are connected to ground Since the positive end of
Buzzer and LED is connected to the 3 pin of 555 timers which is wired in Astable mode
operation, they blink/beep based on the duration set by the above calculation.
This also drives the Green LED light and disconnects the Buzzer and Red LED from ground
thus keeping it turned off.
When the break wire is cut the base of the BC557 is also cut and thus the Green LED is
tumed off and the Buzzer and Red LED are connected to ground Since the positive end of
Buzzer and LED is connected to the 3 pin of 555 timers which is wired in Astable mode
operation, they blink/beep based on the duration set by the above calculation.
The BS557 PNP transistor controls the LEDs and buzzer. When the Brake wire is in proper
condition the base of this transistor is provided with 5V through a current limiting (R4)
Resistor.
This also drives the Green LED light and disconnects the Buzzer and Red LED from ground
thus keeping it turned off.
When the break wire is cut the base of the BC557 is also cut and thus the Green LED is
tumed off and the Buzzer and Red LED are connected to ground Since the positive end of
Buzzer and LED is connected to the 3 pin of 555 timers which is wired in Astable mode
operation, they blink/beep based on the duration set by the above calculation.

Working of This Brake Failure Circuit:

Once the connection is made power the circuit, make sure the Brake cable (here I have used a
normal green wire to represent the brake cable) is connected across the +5V and base of
BC557 through a resistor as shown in the circuit.

If everything works as expected you should see the Green LED tumed on and the Buzzer and
Red Light Tumed Off Now, cut/remove the brake cable the Red LED and the Buzzer should
start flashing.

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CONCLUSION:

Brake failure indicator circuit is very simple and can be easily built on a breadboard. This
circuit will monitor the continuity of the Brake wire, the circuit will glow a green color LED
if everything is fine, but is the wire fails the circuit will blink a red color LED also will beep
a buzzer to alert the rider. So accidents can be avoided by using this Brake failure indicator.