First Law Thermodynamic

1. Q
2. W
3. U
4. Q=W
5. U2-U1= Q – W
6. ∑U = ∑Q – ∑W
7. U2-U1 = +ve the internal energy is increased
8. U2-U1 = -ve the internal energy is decreased

Heat
1. Symbol: Q Unit: KiloJoule, KJ
2. (Qin) = +ve.
3. (Qout) = -ve.
4. ∑Q =∑ Qin +∑ Qout
5. SYSTEM
I. Q1 = - 0.06kJ
II. Q2 = - 0.012kJ
III. Q3 = + 0.79 kJ
IV. Q4 = +0.12 kJ
V. Q5 = -0.51 kJ
Solution :

∑Q = 0.12 +0.79 – 0.51 –0.06 – 0.012 = 0.328kJ

Work

1. Symbol: W Unit: KiloJoule, KJ

2. (Win) = -ve.
3. (Wout) = +ve.
4. ∑W =∑ Win +∑ Wout
5. SYSTEM
I. W1 = 0.06kJ
II. W2 = 0.012kJ
III. W3 = - 0.79 kJ
IV. W4 = -0.12 kJ
V. W5 = 0.51 kJ
Solution :

∑Q = -0.12 -0.79 + 0.51 +0.06 + 0.012 = - 0.328 kJ

 +Q -Q
SYSTEM

-W +W

1. Q=W complete cycle

2. U2-U1= Q – W

3. ∑U = ∑Q – ∑W
4. U2-U1 = ∑Q – ∑W

Example 2.1 Solution :

Qin=+10kJ Wout=?

SYSTEM

Win=-2kJ Qout=-3kJ

The figure above shows a certain process,

which undergoes a complete cycle of operations.
Determine the value of work output for complete
cycle.

Example 2.2 Solution:

A system is allowed to do work amounting to 500kNm

while heat transfer energy amounting 800kJ is
transferred into it. Find the change of internal energy
and state whether it is increase or decrease.

Example 2.3 Solution:

In a compression stroke for gas engine, work done by
the piston on the gas is 70kJ/kg. The amount of heat
that were transferred out is 42kJ/kg. Calculate the
difference of internal energy.
Example 2.4 Solution :

During a complete cycle operation, a system is

subjected to the following:
Heat transfer is 800kJ supplied and 150kJ rejected
Work done by the system is 200kJ
Calculate the work transferred from surrounding
to the system.